1259.Image: crab: karkat.a a crab; cancer, the fourth sign of the zodiac; karkat.aka id. (Skt.lex.) kat.kom a crab; dhiri kat.kom, patal kat.kom a large crab found underneath stones in rivers; sod.ok kat.kom a small crab found in water courses; bad kat.kom a small crab found plentifully in highland rice fields; toa kat.kom a species of crab without a shell and its body filled with liquid resembling milk; buru kat.kom a very black crab found in hill streams; kedin. kat.kom, kidin. kat.kom a scorpion; hako kat.kom hilok a certain day during Sakrat festival when the youne men go fishing for crabs and fish; kat.kom a ceremony performed after a marriage; kat.kom itilenae he has a little wealth; kat.op to cut with shears (Santali.lex.) sakrat a festival observed in the last three days of the Hindu year; sakrat hilok the last day of the sakrat festival and the last day of the year (Santali.lex.) karkkat.aka-can.kira_nti beginning of the month of a_t.i when the sun passes to the sign of the cancer (C.G.)(Ta.lex.) karkat.a crab; karkat.aka (Sus'r.); karkat.i_ (MBh.); karka crab (Skt.); kakkat.aka crab (Pali); kakkad.a (Pkt.); ke~kora_ crab; ke~kuri_ female crab (A.); ka~_kr.a_ crab (B.); ka_n.kar.a, kan.kar.a_, ka_ka_r.a_ (Or.); kekr.a_, gegt.a_ (H.); khe_kr.o (G.); khe~kad. crab, crayfish (M.); kakul.uva_ crab, lobster (Si.)(CDIAL 2816). kakr.a hako a species of river fish (Santali.lex.) kat.akane with the sound of kat.a, i.e. that produced when one bites a hard or crisp substance (Ka.lex.) karkat.a a crab; the sign cancer; karkavr.tta the first point of cancer, the summer solstice (Ka.); karkat.aka a crab, kuli_ra, e_d.i (Ka.lex.) karkat.a, karkad.a, karkara firm, hard, strong; karkad.avandi a strong or fierce boar (Ka.lex.) kar-kat.akam gesture with both hands in which the fingers are interlaced in teri-nilai pose, resembling a crab (Cilap. 3,18, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) Image: claw of crab: ge_t.a claw of crab (Pa.)(DEDR 1943). kad-en crab (Sora.lex.) Image: to grasp: kat.i to grasp, hold in the mouth; to bite, bite off; to crop, gnaw, nibble (Tiruva_ca. 41,3)(Ta.lex.) ka_t.u a bite (of the teeth), a cut (of an axe, a sword etc.)(Ka.Te.)(Ka.lex.) kat.ikai piece cut off (Ci_vaka. 1076); kat.ittal to cut into pieces (Na_lati, 156); mark or scar of a bite (Ta.lex.) kat.ho_ra hard, solid, stiff (BhP.); kat.ho_la, kat.hura, kat.hara hard, cruel (Skt.); kad.ho_ra hard, stiff, cruel (Pkt.); kud.ur^u hard, difficult (of a road or person)(K.)(CDIAL 2651). cf. kat.t.u hardness (Ta.); gat.t.i id. (Tu.)(CDIAL 2650). kad.d. be rough; kad.d.ati id. (Dha_tup.); kar.a_ rough (N.B.Or.); kar.a_, kar.r.a_ (H.)(CDIAL 2657). kat.t.u (kat.t.i-) to harden; firmness, strength (Ta.); kar.c very hard, brittle steel (Ko.); kad.ugu to become hard or solid; gat.t.i firmness, hardness, lump; gad.acu, gad.asu, gad.usu hardness, brittleness, severity (Ka.); gat.t.i, gad.usu firm, hard (Tu.Te.); gad.d.u hard, difficult (Te.); gat.t.in hard (Ga.); d.r.ahpa (d.r.aht-) to be hard, stiff, difficult, troublesome; n. hardness, stiffness, difficulty, trouble; d.rai hard, stiff, firm; d.rai inba to be hard, etc.; d.ra_na solidly (Kui); gatti hard; adv. gattining (Kuwi); kar.^arna_ (kar.ryas), kad.rna_ to be paralysed with fear, to congeal, freeze (Kur.)(DEDR 1148). kat.hina hard, stiff (Sus'r.); hard, stiff, cruel (Pali); kad.hin.a, kad.hin.aga, kat.t.hin.a hard (Pkt.); kad.hi_n. difficult; khad.i_n., khad.an. vicious, difficult (of an animal)(M.)(CDIAL 2650). cf. kakkhat.a, khat.a hard, solid; kakkat.a (Skt.); kakkkhal.a rough, hard, cruel (Pali)(CDIAL 2587). cf. karkara hard, firm (Skt.)(CDIAL 2819).

1260.Image: monkey: gar.i the macaque, macacus sinicus, a long-tailed monkey, smaller than sara, the hanuman ape; a smaller kind of macaque is called sakamgar.i; gar.i-ganda_l adj. used in addressing scoldingly children restless like monkeys (Mu.Sadani); gut.i-gar.i a small kind of maccque monkey; gut.i-merom a small kind of goat; gut.i-sara a small kind of domestic pig (Mu.)(Mu.lex.)

1261.Image: toothed comb: kakri nakic a small toothed comb; kakwa, nakic a tooth cut out in each end of a karha on which the drag chains are fastened; karha an agricultural implement used to drag earth from one place to another (Santali.lex.)

1262.The first man: kakar. another name for pilcu har.am, the first man according to Santal tradition; sa~ te kakar. the first woman and man (Santali.lex.)

1263.Image: lizard: kakr.a the common lizard; dhiri kakr.a, arak kakr.a, d.hibri kakr.a species of lizards (Santali.lex.) ko_kilam wall-lizard (Ta.lex.)

1264.Bdellium; aegle marmelos: karko_t.aka aegle marmelos (Skt.)(CDIAL 2825). karko_t.a, karko_t.aka the bilva tree; kakkula the bakula tree (Skt.lex.) kakkola, takkola bdellium, a perfume made from the berry of the kakkola plant (the 'takola' of Ptolemy; perhaps = Skt. karkot.a: Trenckner, V., 'Notes on the Milindapaho, in Journal of the Pali Text Society, 1908, p.19; loc. cit. Pali.lex.) cf. takko_li a kind of eagle-wood used as incense (Cilap. 14, 108, Urai.) (Ta.lex.) takko_la the resin of the olibanum tree, gum olibanum; Synonyms: dvije, hare_n.u, re_n.uka, bhasmagandhini; re_n.uka embuva gandhadravya, i.e. a fragrant substance named re_n.uka (Ka.lex.) hare_n.u a sort fo drug or medicinal substance (Ka.lex.) re_n.uka a particular drug or medicinal substance, said to be fragrant, butter and slightly pungent in taste, and of a greyish colour; bhasmagandhini_= re_n.uka_ a kind of perfume (Ka.lex.) koc bel the wood-apple, feronia elephantum; kat. bel id. (Santali.lex.) cf. kakko_la a species of plant with a berry the inner part of which is waxy and aromatic (R.); its perfume (Sus'r.); bdellium, perfume made from the berries of the kakkola-plant (Pali); kakkol an aromatic berry (A.)(CDIAL 2586). karko_la, kakko_la a plant, a perfume; gavalakacu_ra (Ka.lex.) Bdellium: kautika a fragrant gum, bdellium; kaus'ika bdellium; guggul.a; kaunti a sort of perfume; kunda olibanum, the resin of boswellia thurifera; one of Kube_ra's nine treasures (Ka.lex.) kaus'ika bdellium (Skt.lex.) kavikam black dammar, resin; kukkil-mara-ppicin- (Ta.lex.) kaucukam < kaus'ika tripterocarp dammar, kun.kiliyam (Malai.)(Ta.lex.) Incense: kapica, kapis'a agilu, incense, storax or coarse benzoin (Ka.); kapija, kapis'a (Skt.)(Ka.lex.) kapija, kapija-tailam storax or benzoin; kapija-lo_man a kind of perfume (Skt.lex.) Olibanum: kapi embilica officinalis, a species of the tree pongamia glabra, olibanum (Skt.); kapika_ vitex negundo (Skt.); kapila_ name of two plants (Pali); kaya_ edible pine cone (Pas'.)(CDIAL 2747). cf. kaya olive (Pas'.)(CDIAL 2747). Smell; a kind of perfume: kavul fetid odour; bad smell (Ta.); gavulu (Ka.); gaulu (Te.)(Ta.lex.) kavuru, kavut.u, kamaru, kavval the disagreeable, stifling smell arising from burnt oil, fish, raw meat, eggs, ulcers, ghee, hair etc. (Ka.); kamaru id. (Te.); kavar (Ma.); kapul, kavul (Ta.); gauru, gaulu, gaul.u (Te.); kavurid.u to create a bad smell; kavure_r.. a bad smell to arise (Ka.); kavacu, kaucu, kausu (Te.); kaviccu (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) kavul, kaul fetid odour, bad smell (Ta.); kavar, kaur offensive smell of the body (Ma.); kamat.u, kamut.u rankness, rancidity, fetid smell, esp. of dirty clothes; the disagreeable smell of burnt oil or ghee; kavut.u the disagreeable smell of burning oil, fish, raw meat, eggs, ulcers, etc.; kavuru, kavval a strong or bad smell; gavulu, gavalu, gavul.u a fetid smell, as that of sweat or of oil or the body (Ka.); kaun.t.u rancidity; rancid; kaun.t.uni, kaun.d.uni to become rancid; kaul.u odour, scent, smell, a kind of perfume, stench (Tu.); gaulu an offensive odour, stink or stench; kavucu, kaucu fish-smell, stench (Te.)(DEDR 1334). kapile a sort of perfume, re_n.ukabi_ja (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) cf. kapittam a plant that yields an odoriferous medicinal oil (Tailava.)(Ta.lex.) kapo_ta_n.ghri a kind of perfume (Skt.Ka.lex.) Perfume: gavulu, gavalu, gavul.u a fetid smell, as that of sweat or of oil on the body (Ka.); ko_la-dala a kind of perfume; Synonym: nakhi; takko_lada bon.ke resin of takko_la; ko_laka, kakko_laka a kind of perfume, gavalakacu_ra (a kind of bad-smelling kaco_ra) (Ka.lex.) gaja-bhaks.ye is a synonym of the tree boswellia serrata; tadiku the gum olibanum tree, boswellia thurifera; taduku id. (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) {It is probable that the construction: gaja-bhaks.ye was related to the synonym: gavulu kaco_ra = kakko_laka, ko_laka, berries from which a perfume is prepared}. Boswellia glabra, boswellia thuriferia or boswellia serrata: kapitthaparni, konkanadhoopam, salakho, guggul (Skt.); Indian olibanum or frankincense (Eng.); boswellie-dentelee (Fr.); indischerweihrauch-baum (Ger.); lobhan, gugal (H.); guggul, luban, salai, kundre (B.); dhup-gugali (G.); pahadi dhup, visheshdhup (M.); parangi-sambrani (Te.); kundrikam (Ta.); sambrani (Ma.); guggula (Ka.); vishesha-dhoop (Konkan.i); kundur (Deccan); gandhabiroz (M.); habitat: mountainous tracts of central India and on the Coromandal coast; parts used: gum resin and oil; action: resin is of a bitter balsamic odour when burnt, and is used as refrigerant, diuretic, 'aromatic, demulcent, aperient, alterative', emmenagogue and ecbolic. Oil called 'olibene' is stimulant; uses: the fragrant resin is largely consumed as an incense in houses especially during religious ceremonies; as astringent in the form of ointment is useful in chronic ulcers, diseased bones, buboes etc., in which it promotes absorption. The resin rubbed in cocoanut oil or lemon juice is an application to foul ulcerations. The gum is used in rheumatic and nervous diseases, scrofulous affections, urinary disorders and in skin diseases generally combined with aromatics... mixed with gum acacia it is used as a corrective for foul breath... Boswellia serrata: shallaki (Skt.); luban (H.B.); constituent: essential oil; action: diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue (Indian Materia Medica, pp. 211-212). Bael: ku_vil.am (Perh. ku + vil) bael; vilvam (Kur-icip. 65); ku_val.am (Ma.); ku_vil.ai id. (Tiva_.)(Ta.); ku_viram bael, aegle marmelos; a mountain tree (Kur-icip. 66)(Ta.lex.) Feronia elephantum or anisiphalins rumphii or crataeva vallangai: kapitha, kapi-priya, dadhi-phala (Skt.); elephant or wood-apple (Eng.); kavat, kavitha (H.); feronia geant (Fr.); elephantenapfel (Ger.); katori kavath (Si.); kotha, kavit (G.); katbel, khaet (Deccan); kathbel (B.); mahan (Burm.); kavitpana, kavath (M.); kavatha (Santal); velaga (Te.); vilakpittam, nelavilam, vila, vilaphalam, vellil (Ta.); vilav (Ma.); baelada-phala, bilva-phala, belawala-kai (Ka.); belpatri-phal (Konkan.i); kabita (Arab.Pers.); diwal (Si.); habitat: met with throughout India, cultivated for its fruit; parts used: fruit, gum, leaves, bark and pulp; gum from the stem is demulcent... transparent gummy substance exuding from the stem when cut or broken resembling gum arabic, may be used in bowel affections and to relieve tenesmus; reduced to powder and mixed with honey it is given in dysentery and diarrhoea... a medicated oil is also made of the five parts of the plant which is used for applying to the whole body. (Indian Materia Medica, pp. 535-536). Aegle Marmelos: bilva, bilvam, sriphal (sri = goddess of abundance; phal = fruit; it is an emblem of riches or fertility; Bengal quince, bael fruit (Eng.); bel, bael sripal (H.); bilivaphal, bilinuphal (G.); baela (M.); bilvamu, bilvapandu, maredu (Te.); vilvam, vilva-pazham, bilvam (Ta.); belapatre (Ka.); koovalam, vilvam (Ma.); bela, bael (B.); katori (Si.); maika (Gond); shul (Pers.); habitat: found all over India, from sub-Himalayan forests, Bengal, central and south India and in Burma; parts used: fruit (both ripe and unripe), root-bark, leaves, rind of the ripe fruit and flowers... fresh leaves yield in distillation a yellowish-green oil with a peculiar aromatic odour... (Indian Materia Medica, pp. 45-49). {Styrax benzoin. or laserpiucium chiefly used for incense in the Greek church; benjuy is gum benjamin, i.e. luban-javi; the Olibanum of Java or benzoin, the balsamic resin of styrax benzoin; the asa-dulcis and laser cyrenaicum of the older pharmacists... benjuy is from India, near the ganges... is called amendoado in Siam... the Moors give them the name of louanjaoy, almost like the incense of Java... louan is their name for incense. The Deccanis and Guzeratis call it udo... we call the incense olibano, taking the word from the Greeks, and these also seem to have imitated the Greek word, corrupting it to louan..." (G. Da Orta, pp. 58-64). Frankincense: loban frankincense; luban incense, the resin of boswellia serrata (Santali.lex.) lo_ba_na olibanum, frankincense (Ka.M.H.)(Ka.lex.) "Frankincense. from the bark of different trees, particularly boswellia serrata. The Hebrew term is lebhonah, and the Arabic cognate is luban; the term frankincense means 'free (-burning) incense.' The gum is a product of South Arabia and was known to commerce as early at least as the seventeenth century BC; it was never cultivated in Palestine, and the word for the so-called dark frankincense from Lebanon is usually translated by the word 'myrrh.' The trade in frankincense was important; there was a deity whose significance was due to his function as a protector of the industry and the growth of the material; it is believed that the name Ethiopia comes from the word meaning 'collector of frankincense.' The gathering of the raw material was associated with pecular customs, the product being regarded as the blood of a tree the soul of which was a divinity. The best kind was that known as masculine frankincense (Pliny, Hist. Nat. xii.32). The substance became an article of luxury; wine was spiced with it, it figured in the presents to kings, and it was burnt at their burial. It was indispensable to heathen worship." (Samuel Macauley Jackson, (ed.), The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Baker Book House, p. 372). To offer the first fruits: loban, luban to offer the first fruits; a mela held yearly at Bud.hai in the Santal Pargannas (Santali.lex.) "Frankincense was offered with the meat-offering, and first fruits, and burned with them on the altar. It was also placed on the shewbread as a 'memorial', azka_ra_h, in two golden vessels and then consumed on the altar at each weekly renewal of the bread (in Jewish rituals)" (James Hastings, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1915, p.203). Great man: lobab a great man, a prince (Santali.lex.) cf. nobab (H.lex.) Boswellia serrata: s'allaki, sallaki the gum olibanum tree, boswellia thurifera; tadiki, taduku id.; gajapriya, gajabhaks.ai, suvahe, surabhi, rase, mahe_ran.e, kanduruki, hla_dini, a_nebe_la id.; tadukina dhu_pa, ya_vana, turus.ka, pin.d.aka, sihla; tadukina mad.d.i, ya_vana, turus.ka etc, anduka bonka, ha_lumad.d.i; cf. mad.d.iya dhu_pa incense varieties (Ka.lex.) s'allaki_ boswellia serrata (Car. Su. 4.32,5.23). Olibanum: silha (Tadbhava of sihla) olibanum (Ka.lex.) sihla, sihlaka benzoin, incense; sihlaki_, sihli_ the olibanum tree (Skt.lex.) s'ailakam benzoin; bitumen (Skt.lex.) salga boswellia serrata (Santali.lex.) s'allaki_ boswellia serrata (Skt.) Boswellia serrata: shallaki (Skt.); luban (H.B.); salai (H.B.); parangisambrani (Ta.Te.); gum: diuretic, astringent, used in rheumatism, nervous and skin diseases; two varieties are usually distinguished: serrata with serrate and pubescent leaves, and glabra with entire, glabrous leaves; habitat: Madhya Pradesh, Deccan, Bihar, Orissa, Rajputana, Madhya Bharat, Eastern States and N.Gujarat. Not found in Assam and Bengal (GIMP, p.39). Frankincense or olibanum: "A large proportion of the arboreal vegetation of the Siwa_liks (range of mountains running parallel to the Hima_laya near Dehra Dun) consists of species which occur both on the lower slopes of the Hima_laya and on the hilly districts of central and southern India, thus affording a good illustration of the width of distribution of Indian plants. As examples may be mentioned bombax malabaricum, buchannia latifolia, spondias mangifera, boswellia serrata, garuga pinnata, spatholobus roxburghee, albizzia stipulata, anogeiussus latifolia, ulmus integrifolia, and others." (E.T. Akinson (ed.), Flora of the Himalayas with special reference to Kumaon, Garhwal, Nepal and Tibet, New Delhi, Cosmo Publications, 1882, repr. 1989, p.300). 'Boswellia an important genus of incense-yielding trees (family burseraceae) of northern Africa and India having triangular 3-celled fruit with winged seeds ... a gum-resin obtained from certain species of trees of the genus boswellia, and natural order burseraceae. Sir George Birdwood distinguishes five species of boswellia: (a) boswellia thurifera (boswellia glabra and boswellia serrata), indigenous to the mountainous tracts of central India and the Coromandel coast, and boswellia papyrifera (plosslea floribunda) of Abyssinia, which though both thuriferous, are not known to yield any of the olibanum of commerce; and (b) boswellia frereana, boswellia bhua-dajiana and boswellia carterii, the 'yegaar', 'mohr add' and 'mohr madow' of the Somali country, in East Africa, the last species including a variety, the 'maghrayt d'sheehas' of Hadramaut, Arabia, all of which are sources of true frankincense or olibanum. To obtain the frankincense a deep incision is made in the trunk of the tree, and below it a narrow strip of bark 5 in in length is peeled off. When the milk-like juice ('spuma pinguis', Pliny) which exudes has hardened by exposure to the atmosphere, the incision is deepened. In about three months the resin has attained the required degree of consistency. The season for gathering lasts from May until the first rains in September. The large clear globules are scraped off into baskets... Much as formerly described by Arrian, in the region of Sakhalites in Arabia (the tract between RAs Makalla and Ras Agab), so now on the sea-coast of the Somali country, the frankincense when collected is stored in heaps at various stations. Thence, packed in sheep- and goat-skins, in quantities of 20 to 40 lb., it is carried on camels to Berbera, for shipment either to Aden, Makalla and other Arabian ports, or directly to Bombay. At Bombay, like gum-acacia, it is assorted, and is then packed for re-exportation to Europe, China and elsewhere. Olibanum is a reputed natural product of China.. Frankincense burns with a bright white flame, leaving an ash consisting mainly of calcium carbonate, the remainder being calcium phosphate, and the sulphate, chloride and carbonate of potassium. Good frankincense, Pliny tells us, is recognized by its whiteness, size, brittleness and ready inflammability. That which occurs in globular drops is, he says, termed 'male frankincense'' the most esteemed, he further remarks, is in breast-shaped drops, formed each by the union of two tears. The best frankincense, as we learn from Arrian, was formerly exported from the neighbourhood of Cape Elephant in Africa (the modern Ras Fiel); and A. von Kremeer, in his description of the commerce of the Red Sea (Aegypten etc., p.185, ii, Theil, Leipzig, 1863), observes that the African frankincense, called by the Arabs 'asli' is of twice the value of the Arabian 'luban.' Frankincense was used by the ancient Egyptians in their religious rites, but, as Herodotus tells us (ii.86), not in embalming. It constituted a fourth part of the Jewish incense of the sanctuary, and is frequently mentioned in the Pentateuch. With other species it was stored in a great chamber of the house of God at Jerusalem. As a medicine it was in former times in high repute. Pliny (Nat. Hist. xxv.82) mentions it as an antidote to hemlock... In the East frankincense has been found efficacious as an external application on carbuncles, blind boils and gangrenous sores, and as an internal agent is given in gonorrhoea... Common frankincense (thus or abietis resina), is the term applied to a resin which exudes from fissures in the bark of the Norway spruce fir, albies excelsa; when melted in hot water and strained it constitutes 'burgandy pitch,' pix abietina... Egypt where incense was prominent in religious ritual; e.g., at the daily liturgy before the cult image of Amon-Re and in the mortuary rites, when the souls of the dead were thought to ascend to heaven in the flame. Incense was employed to coutneract disagreeable odours and drive away demons and was said both to manifest the presence of the gods (fragrance being a divine attribute) and to gratify them. The Babylonians used it extensively while offering prayer or divining oracles. It was imported into Israel before the Exile and was assigned miraculous powers; later, in the 5th century BC, altars were set apart for incense offerings. The Hindus, especially the Shivaites, use incense for ritual and domestic offerings, and so do Buddhists, who burn it at festivals and initiations as well as at daily rites. In China incense was burned to ancestors and household gods, in festivals and processions, and in Japan it was incorporated into Shinto_ ritual. In Greece, from the 8th century BC, woods and resins were burned as an oblation and for protection against demons, a practice adopted by the Orphics. In Rome fragrant woods were replaced by imported incense, which became important in public and private sacrifices and in the cult of the emperor. In the 4th century AD, the early church began to use incense in eucharistic ceremonial, where it came to symbolize the ascent of the prayers of the faithful and the merits of the saints... Bdellium, is a gummy resinous concreted juice, brought from Arabia and the East Indies, in globes of different figures and magnitudes. It is of a dark reddish brown colour, and, in appearance, somewhat resembles myrrh; and is recommended as a sudorific, diuretic and uterine... Myrrh. a gum resin, highly esteemed by the ancients as an unguent and perfume, used for incense in temples and also in embalming; it was one of the gifts offered by the Magi. True myrrh is the product of commiphora myrrha, a small tree of the family burseraceae that grows in eastern Africa and Arabia... baisa bol, bhesa bol or bissa bol, from commiphora kataf, resembles true myrrh in appearance... opaque bdellium produced by commiphora play fairii, when shaken with water forms a slight but permanent lather. It is known as meena harma in Bombay and was formerly used there for the expulsion of the guinea worm. African bdellium is from commiphora africanum, and like opaque bdellium lacks the white streaks which are characteristic of myrrh and bissa bol... Indian bdellium, probably identical with Indian drug googul obtained in Sind and Baluchistan from commiphora mukul and commiphora pubescens, is of a dark reddish colour, has an acrid taste and an odour like cedar wood, and softens in the hand... As met in commerce... it consists of a mixture of resin, gum and essential oil, the resin being present to the extent of 25 to 40%, with 2 1/2 to 8% of the oil, myrrhol, to which the odour is due...' (Encyclopaedia Britannica, MDCCLXXI; Vol. 16, 1958). Commiphora agallocha, commiphora roxburghii = balsamodendrom roxburghii: gugala (B.); gugal (M.); agaru (Te.); kungulu (Te.); gum resin: used as astringent, antiseptic; habitat: Assam, Sylhet, E. Bengal and Madhya Pradesh (GIMP, p.75). Commiphora mukul = balsamodendron mukul: guggul (B.M.H.Te.); guggulu (Skt.); gukkulu (Ta.); gum resin: astringent, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, carminative; commercial product contains 1.45% essential oil besides gum and resin; habitat: Bellary, Mysore, Deccan, Khandesh, Kathiawar, Rajputana Desert, Sind and Baluchistan (GIMP, p.75). pura synonym of guggulu (Car. Vi. 8.144, Ci. 3.267). guggulu commiphora mukul (Car. Su. 3.4, 5.21). Commiphora myrrha = balsomendron myrrha: rasagandhi (Skt.); bol (H.); gandarash (B.); vallaippolam (Te.Ma.Ta.); gum resin: in dyspepsia, chlorisis and uterine affections; essential oil, bitter substance; habitat: a native of Arabia and of the African coast of the Red Sea. (GIMP, p.75). ras commiphora myrrha (Car. Ci. 23.152). Balsam: cf. kil.uvai Indian balm of gilead, balsamodendron berryi; hill balsam tree, balsamodendron caudatum (Ta.)(DEDR 1587). {To make scented ox fat: Remove any blood and skin from the fat. Pour over it some old scented wine... 4 lb Nettle tree seeds (identified as celtis australis, the one used for making pipes)... aspalathus (identified as cytisus lanigerus, genista acanthoclada, a shrub used to thicken ointment, also called calycotome villosa) and 4 lb amaracinum flowers (sweet marjoram?)... To make scent sweeter 10z of the fattest myrrh, diluted in wine of many years may be added (Dioscorides). To make scented goose or pork fat: 2 pints clean fat... mix with 1 1/2 oz each of erysisceptrum (cyperus rotundus), xylobalsamum (wood of balsamodendron opbalsamum to thicken), palm shoots, sweet flag, old wine (Dioscorides). cf. lady with an unguent cone. wall-painting in Theban Tomb no.69; 18th Dynasty 1567-1320 BC. A solid mass of fat, presumably ox tallow, perfumed with herbs and spices was shaped into a cone and fixed to the wig or placed on the crown of the head. The fat will soften and envelope the wig, clothes and body with its grease and scent.)(Lisa Manniche, An Ancient Egyptian Herbal, pp. 51-53). Balsomodendrom opobalsamum = commiphora opobalsamum: balasan (H.); habbul balasan (M.); balsam; astringent, demulcent; given in discharges from genito-urinary organs; essential oil, bitter substance; habitat: found on both sides of the Red Sea. Also recorded from the Nubian coast and in Abyssinia. Met with on the Asiatic side at Ghizndad in Arabia, at Eden and Yemen. (GIMP, p.75). Saffron: ka_le_ya saffron (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ka_li_yaka saffron (Skt.lex.) Camphor: kalai < kalah (Malay) a kind of camphor imported from Kalah in the Malay peninsula (Cilap. 14,109, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) Black sandal wood: ka_likam black sandal wood; ka_li_yam, ka_li_yaka, ka_le_ya, ka_le_yaru a kind of sandal wood; ka_li_yaka yellow sandal; a dark kind of sandal wood; ka_le_ya the black sandal wood (Skt.lex.) Red ebony: ka_le_mintaram < kalumediriya red ebony of South India, diospyros hirsuta; calaminder wood, diospyros quaesita a type of wood from ilan.kai (Ta.lex.) ka_ke_ndu a kind of ebony, diospyros melanoxylon = diospyros tomentosa (Ka.lex.) Yellow eagle-wood: ka_le_yam < ka_le_ya eagle-wood, akil (Ta.lex.) ka_le_ka-van.n.am paste composed of various perfumes (Tiva_.); ka_le_kam id. (W.)(Ta.lex.) ka_li_yaka a species of aloe wood (Skt.lex.); a kind of yellow fragrant wood (Skt.Ka.); ka_la_nusa_rya a kind of yellow fragrant wood; gum benjamin or benzoin (Skt.Ka.); kallu-huvvu gum benjamin or benzoin; vr.ddha, s'aile_ya, as'ma pus.pa (Ka.lex.) s'aile_ya benzoin or storax (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cailakam < s'ailaka benzoin, ca_mpira_n.i (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.) ka_le_yaka a kind of aloe wood; ka_le_yakam a fragrant wood (Skt.lex.) ka_r..vai tiger's milk; akil; (a_ran. ka_r..vai kat.iyirum pun-n-ai : Kur-icip. 93; M.M. 892); ka_r.. harness, close grain as of timber; core, maravairam (Tiva_.); cf. ka_s.t.ha; ka_r.. skin as of a fruit; rind (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) ka_le_yaka the plant curcuma xanthorrhiza (= maradarisana (marada + aricana), pi_tadru, haridrava, da_vi; a yellow dye, morinda umbellata) (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ka_l.inti siris, va_kai (Malai.); teak (Ta.lex.) Styrax; storax: s'aile_ya benzoin or storax (Ka.Skt.lex.) cayile_kam a kind of fragrant resin; ?benzoin or storax (Ta.lex.) Synonyms: liquid storax, sweet gum; flussiger storax (Ger.); styrax liquide (Fr.); botanical origin: liquidambar orientalis, liquidambar styraciflua; part used: balsam obtained from the trunk; habitat: liquidambar orientalis is native to forests of southwestern Asia Minor; liquidambar styraciflua to the Americas; production: in the early part of the summer the trunk of the oriental sweet gum is bruised on one side. As a result of this injury storax forms in the young layers of wood and oozes into the wounded bark. In autumn, this bark, which is more or less saturated with balsam, is stripped off and the balsam pressed out. The bark is then boiled in wate within copper kettles and again pressed, and the remaining balsam thus extracted. The balsam is poured into barrels, goat skins or cans for shipment... Uses: storax is used as a stimulating expectorant in compound tincture of benzoin and other pharmaceutical preparations. It is also employed as a perfume in soaps and toilet preparations; preparation: compound benzoin tincture. (Heber W. Youngken, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Philadelphia, The Blakiston Co., 1950, pp. 398-401). karppurai benzoin tree, styrax benzoin, ca_mpira_n.i (Can.. Aka.); cf. karbura_ (Skt.); karppu_ra-k-kil.uvai hill balsam tree (Ta.lex.) cf. karbu_ra gold (Skt.); karppu_ram id. (Ta.lex.) kuntalin.kam benzoin tree (W.); ca_mpira_n.i, styrax benzoin = frankincense, olibanum, gum benzoin (Pata_rtta. 1072)(Ta.lex.) "Styrax benzoin: gum benjamin, benzoin laurel, benzoe (Ger.); benzoin (Fr.); part used: a balsamic resin. Sumatra benzoin yields not less than 75% of alcohol-soluble extractive. Siam Benzoin yields not less than 90% of alcohol-soluble extractive. Habitat: East Indies. The species of styrax yielding benzoin grow on hills and in plantations of Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Siam, North Annam and Tonkin... The balsamic resin slowly exudes as a white liquid... The first three years' product is more fragrant and contains more white tears. This is known to the natives as 'head benzoin'. The next 7 to 9 years' yield is somewhat brown and termed 'belly benzoin'. The trees are subsequently felled and the trunk split. The product that is scraped off... is known as 'foot benzoin'. Uses: Siam benzoin is used chiefly in the manufacture of toilet preparations and as a fixative in the manufacture of perfumes. Sumatra benzoin is employed internally as a stimulating expectorant and externally as a stimulant and antiseptic. Benzoin is also employed by the confectionery trade in the preparation of vanilla creams, etc. and by the leather trade as an ingredient of leather dressings." (Heber W. Youngken, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Philadelphia, The Blakiston Co., 1950, pp. 647-649). Styrax benzoin: luban (H.B.M.); shambirani (Ta.Te.Ka.); balsamic resin: external antiseptic, stimulating epectorant; habita: Malacca and Malaya (GIMP, p.236). Styrax offiicinalis: silajit (B.); usturak (M.); resin: stimulating expectorant; a native of Levant, Asia Minor and Syria (GIMP, p.237). turus.ka styrax offiicinalis (Car. Ci. 28.153). Deed of gift to temple: cf. ca_mpira_n.i-p-pat.t.ayam deed of gift to temple, etc., preserved with smoke-perfume (W.); ca_mpira_n.i-po_t.utal to burn or offer incense; to invoke the descent of a spirit on a person by burning frankincense; ca_mpira_n.i-t-tu_pam fragrant smoke of frankincense, as an offering (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) guggula a kind of perfume (Pali.lex.) Synonym: par-an.ki-c-ca_mpira_n.i salai tree, Indian olibanum, boswellia serrata typica; exudus of Indian frankincense (M.M. 781)(Ta.lex.) For par-an.ki- cf. pa_lan.ka the olibanum tree; pa_lan.ki_ incense; pa_lakya, pa_lakya_ incense (Skt.lex.) Image: hawk: pa_lan.ka a hawk (Skt.lex.) Bdellium: kil.uvai Indian balm of gilead, balsamodendrom berryi; hill balsam tree, balsamodendrom caudatum (Ta.); kil.iva_ Madras balsam tree, balsomodendrom berryi(Ma.)(DEDR 1587). gulgulu bdellium (TS.Pkt.); guggulu (AV.Pali); guggula (Skt.); a kind of perfume (Pali); guguru the tree balsamodendrom roxburghii and its gum bdellium (S.); gugul bdellium (L.); guggul (P.); the tree amyris agallochum and its resin (H.); gu_gal id. (H.); gugul a fragrant gum (Bi.); gugal. (G.); gugu_l. bdellium, resin (M.); guggal.i_ the plant argyreia speciosa (M.); guggul.u bdellium (Konkan.i); gugulu bdellium, the tree moringa pterygosperma (Si.); guggal bdellium (P.WPah.); gugul (N.); guguw (Ku.); gogul-dhup the tree ailanthus grandis (N.); gugul.a, gugal.a lignum aloes (Or.); (CDIAL 4215). kil.uvai common hedge plant, balsamodendron berryi (Ta.lex.) balsamodendron = commiphora (burseraceae family)(GIMP, pp.32-33). Canarium luzonicum or canarium album is a member of the burseraceae family, yields 'elemi' a term applied to a variety of resinous products. It is an 'oleoresin' which burs with a smoky flame; used as a varnish, for caulking boats and for torches. (Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, p.476). The members of the commiphora species include: guggul, guggal (commiphora mukul); vel.l.aippo_l.am (commiphora myrrh), agaru [(commiphora roxburghii or agallocha, eagle-wood, aquilaria agallocha (Paripa_. 12,5)]; malaikkil.uvai (commiphora stocksiana). Commiphora playfairii: balsamodendron playfairii: meeno harma (M.); gum resin: expectorant, in rheumatism; yields saponin; habitat: North-east Africa (GIMP, p.75). Bdellium: guggul.a bdellium; a powder made of it (guggul.a kaliyana_r); guggil.a = guggil.ada gid.a boswellia serrata (var. glabra), a large timber tree yielding frankincense or olibanum, kautika (Ka.lex.) kukkil < guggulu black dammar-resin (Pin..); kukkir--cu_ran.am a kind of medicinal powder prepared by stuffing a fowl with dammer-resin, calcinating and pulverising it (W.)(Ta.lex.) A canonized saint: kun.kiliya-k-kalaya-na_yan-a_r name of a canonized S'aiva saint, one of 63 (Periyapu.); kun.kiliya-kkalaiyar id. (Ta.lex.) kukarar inhabitants of the annular continent, ca_ka-t-ti_vu (Kantapu. An.t.ako_. 48)(Ta.lex.)

1266.Image: cobra: karko_t.a, karko_t.aka one of the eight principal cobras (Skt.lex.) en.t.u-kula eight castes of men; the eight kinds of na_gas: ananta, va_sugi, taks.aka, karko_t.aka, padma, maha_padma, s'an.khapa_la, kulinda (Ka.lex.) cf. concordance with some names of Kube_ra's treasures: padma, maha_padma, s'an.kha; s'an.kha-nakha the shell of the trochus perspectivus; s'an.kha a particular perfume; one of Kube_ra's treasures (Ka.lex.) kako_taram < ka_ko_dara snake, prob. from its moving in a zigzag manner upon its belly (Ka_l.at. Ula_, 148)(Ta.lex.) karot.i a class of genii that formed one of the 5 guards of the devas against the asuras, associated with the na_gas; karot.apa_n.ayah a class of Yaks.as (Pali.lex.) ka_ko_dara a serpent (Ka.lex.) Image: scorpion: cf. ka_ko_l.i Indian turnsole (Ta.lex.)

1267.Basilicum: kaggor-ale a kind of basilicum, ocymum sanctum (Ka.) (Ka.lex.)

1268.Image: ox-horn; trumpet: ka_kal.am < ka_hala trumpet (Kantapu. Caravan.a. 9)(Ta.lex.) kan.kil a part of the trumpet (S.I.I. ii,5)(Ta.lex.) ka_lan--kompu ox-horn (W.); ka_l.am < ka_hala trumpet, horn (Periyapu. Tiruja_n-a. 620); ka_l.akam long trumpet, ram's horn, ekka_l.am (W.)(Ta.lex.) X Image: quadrupeds: ka_le_cam herbivorous quadrupeds (kucara mutaliya ka_le_can.kal.um : Tol. Po. 152, Urai.); ka_le_yam id. (Na_n-man.i. 67); ka_li herd of cows as being quadrupeds (Tiv. Periya_r... 2,6,1); id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) Image: ox: ka_l.ai steer, bull, ox (Ta.); ka_l.a bull, bullock (Ma.); ka.l.e bull which is leader of the herd (Kod..)(DEDR 1502). cf. ka_l.ai steer, young bullock (Ta.); cf. gad.i (Skt.)(Ta.lex.) Image: trumpet; horn-shaped: ka_hale, kahal.e, kahal.a_, ka_l.e a horn; a metal horn (trumpet) of a long tapering shape, or of a horn-like shape (Ka.Skt.lex.) kahal.e-ka_r-a a man who blows a kahal.e (Ka.lex.) ka_hali an epithet of S'iva (Skt.lex.)

1269.Image: carrying yoke: ka_nj to carry on the shoulders (Ga.); carrying yoke (Kond.a)(DEDR 1417). cf. ka_n.i, ka_ni, ka~_d.i, ka_vad.i yoke of plough (Te.); ka_nj-to carry on the shoulders (Go.)(DEDR 1417). Image: water-carrier: ka_jaha_raka bearer of a carrying-pole (Pali); ka_ha_ra carrier of water or other burdens; n. carrying-pole (Pkt.); kahar palanquin-bearer (K.); kaha_ru (S.); kaha_r id., water-carrier (P.); class of cultivators who act as bearers (N.); a low caste of bearers (Bhoj.Aw.); palanquin-bearer, water-drawer (H.); palanquin-bearer (M.); ka_ha_r a low caste of palanquin-bearers and water-carriers (B.); ka_ha_l.a, ka_ha_ra, ka_a~_l.a, ka_a~_ra a low caste of bearers (Or.); kaharawa_ palanquin-bearer, water-drawer (Aw.)(CDIAL 3011). (Pkt.deriv.from ka_va = ka_vo_ya one who carries a yoke)(CDIAL 3009). ka_ca banghi-pole (Kuwi); ka_sa pole or stick carried on the shoulder from the ends of which loads are suspended and carried (Kui); the shaft of a ka_vr.i_ (Kond.a); ka_nju_ (pl. ka_ska) a banghi (Kuwi); ka_cal carrying yoke (Pa.); ka_ to carry with carrying yoke (Pa.); ka~_j, ka id. (Ga.);  ka_nju id. (Kui.Kuwi); pl. ka_ska (Kuwi); ka_sal carrying yoke (Ga.); ka_nja_na_, ka_nj to carry on the shoulders (Go.)(DEDR 1417). X Bamboo: kamad.ha, kamaya bamboo (Pkt.); ko_ro bamboo poles (Bhoj.); ka_mro bamboo, lath, piece of wood (N.); ka_m.vari bamboo pole with slings at each end for carrying things (OAw.); ka_vad.ia, kavva_d.ia one who carries a yoke (Pkt.); ka~_war.i_, ka~_war.iya_ id. (H.); ka_var.iyo id. (G.); ka_va_t.hi_ carrying pole (S.); ka_va_t.hyo the man who carries it (S.); ka_mar.a_, ka_mur.a_ rafters of a thatched house (Or.); ka_mr.u~ chip of bamboo (G.); ka_mar.-kot.iyu~ bamboo hut (G.); kamt.ha_ bow of bamboo or horn (M.); kaba_ri flat piece of bamboo used in smoothing an earthen image (A.); ka~_bi_t., ka~_bt.i_, ka_mi_t. split piece of bamboo, etc., lath (M.)(CDIAL 2760). kambi branch or shoot of bamboo (Skt.); stick, twig (Pkt.); ka_mba (OG.); ka~_b longitudinal division of a bamboo, etc., bar of iron or other metal (M.)(CDIAL 2774). pampu-mu_n.kil a variety of bamboo; vampu curved bamboo pole of a palanquin (Ta.); a bamboo, chiefly as a measure of palm-wine (Ma.); bambu, bombu a large, hollow bamboo (Ka.); bambu bamboo (Tu.); vambha id. (Skt.); ba~_bu_ id. (M.)(DEDR 5253). Bamboo; bow: ka_rmuka bamboo, bow (Skt.)(CDIAL 3077). ka_rmukam bow (Ja_n-a_. 20,19); bow for cleaning cotton (Tiruppu. 44); bamboo (Ta.lex.) Bearer of a carrying-pole; water-carrier: ka_va_l.ar carriers of ka_vat.i (Cilap. 15,205)(Ta.lex.) ka_vr.i, ka_ver.i, ka_vir.(i), ka_ve., ka_har.i carrying yoke (Go.); kavr.i carrying yoke (Pe.Mand..); ka_ pole with ropes hung on each end, used to carry loads on the shoulder; lever or beam for a well-sweep, lever of a steelyard (Ta.); ka_vu pole used for carrying burdens (Ma.); ka_vat.i id. (Ta.Ma.Tu.Te.); pole or stave of wood used for carrying burdens; a decorated pole of wood with an arch over it, carried on shoulders with offerings mostly for Muruka's temple, commonly with some parade; that which is carried on the shoulder with a pole (Ta.lex.); ka_vu (ka_vi-) to carry on the shoulder (as a palanquin, a pole with weight at each end), bear anything heavy on the arms or on the head (Ta.); ka_vuvo_r palanquin-bearers (Ta.); ka_vat.i split bamboo with ropes suspended from each end for carrying burdens (Ma.); ka_vuka, ka_vikka to carry on a pole (Ma.); ka_gad.i, ka_vad.i bamboo lath or pole pvovided with slings at each end for the conveyance of pitchers, etc. (Ka.); ka_vad.i split bamboo with ropes suspended from each end to carry burdens across the shoulders (Tu.); ka_vat.i, ka_vad.i yoke or pole with a sling attached to each end, placed upon the shoulder for carrying burdens (Te.); ka~_d., ka_d.i, ka_d.i-ma_nu, ka_d.ima_ku, ka_n.d.i, ka_n.i, ka_ni, ka_vad.i yoke of plough, etc. (Te.); ka_var.i carrying yoke (Kol.)(DEDR 1417). ka_vad. carrying-pole (M.); ka_var. id. (G.); ka_war., ka_war id. (H.); ka_vad.a id. (Pkt.); kada id. (Si.); ka_ca, ka_ja id. (Pali); ka_ya, ka_va id.(Pkt.); ka_o, ka_yo rafter (S.) < Drav. ka_sa (Kui); ka_ju (Kuwi); ka_gad.i, ka_vad.i (Ka.)(CDIAL 3009). X cf. ad.y claypot (To.); an.d.e vessel made of a hollow bamboo, etc., generally with a handle (Ka.); id., vessel of a toddy-drawer for putting toddy in (Tu.); an.d.y pot into which cow is milked, bamboo pot used formerly to carry broth to workers in the field (Ko.); an.t.ai squirt for festival occasions (Ta.)(DEDR 130). Image: bearer of a carrying-pole: ka_ca a sling for suspending things; the rope net-work or the string by which the articles to be carried are suspended from the cross-pole (Ka.Skt.lex.) ka_ca, ka_ja carrying-pole (Pali); ka_ca loop, string fastened to both ends of a pole, carrying yoke (Skt. < Drav.: ka_sa (Kui); ka_ju (Kuwi); ka_gad.i, ka_vad.i); ka_ya, ka_va (Pkt. Derivative: ka_vo_ya one who carries a yoke); ka_o, ka_yo rafter (S.); kada carrying-pole (Si.); ka_vad.a (Pkt.)(CDIAL 3009). gal.e long stick (Kod..); gal.u, karu, garu rafter (Tu.); gad.a pole, staff, rod, stick, stalk, mast (Te.); kari pole fastened to a load by which it is carried on the shoulders (Tu.); kar..a pole for carrying burdens, bamboo (Ma.); kar..ai pole used for propelling boats, elephant-goad, shaft of bamboo (Ta.); ka_r.. elephant goad, post, pillar, oar, iron rod, handle, rafter (Ta.); kol.ag churnstick (word used at ti. dairy and at kog fol.y dairy of To.r.o.r. clan (To.); ka.w forked stick (?To.); gar.., gar..a, gar..u, gar..uvu, gar..e, gad.e, gad.i bamboo rod or stake, bamboo, pole, staff, bamboo pole on which Kollat.igas or Dombas tumble, churning stick (Ka.); kari bar with which a door is fastened (Tu.); kare, gare the pole to which a bucket is attached in a country water-lift (Tu.); gar.a pole, long stick (Kond.a)(DEDR 1370). ka_r..u stake for impaling criminals (Ta.Ma.); kar..uku id. (Ma.); ka_r..u sharp-pointed pieces of wood strung around cow's neck, trident (Ta.); ko.w point, pointed stick, wooden skewer used by Kotas, peg (To.); kar.., kar..u an instrument for perforating an elephant's ear (Ka.)(DEDR 1361). ka_r.i_ rafter, yoke (H.); ka_r.o rafter (N.)(CDIAL 3023). Stake: kot.h^u impalement stake (K.); kas.t.a-laur.a wooden contrivance used in threshing ; kat. branch (Dardic); ka_s.t.ha piece of wood (S'Br.); ka_hor.i piece of wood serving as axle in a flour-mill (WPah.)(CDIAL 3120). ka_n.d.a_ra_ bamboo-goad (Skt.); kana_r bamboo-goad for young elephants (Mth.)(CDIAL 3025). jar..ave, jalle a bamboo pole (Ka.); jalle cane of sugar (Kod..)(DEDR 2382).

1270.Downcast: ka_ku fatigue; contempt; adj. vain, empty, useless (Te.); ka_ku bad, corrupt (Tu.); ka_kr.u distress (Pe.); ka_kali unthrifty, spendthrift, wasteful; ka_kaligat.anju a spendthrift, unthrifty man or boy; fem. ka_kaligat.ari (Kui); kaku_li travail; kaku_l-gattasi a poor man; ka_kuligattasi id.; ka_kuli ki_nai to harm, hag, moil (Kuwi); kklare to be distressed, be in trouble; kkletre to trouble, tease; kkli affliction, trouble (Malt.)(DEDR 1424). ka_hala speaking unbecomingly or indistinctly (Skt.); downcast, faint-hearted (BHSk.); downcast (Pkt.); ka_hla_ impatient, hasty (P.)(CDIAL 3142).

1271.Small coin: ka_kini_, ka_kin.i_ a small coin; the shell cypraea moneta (Skt.)(DEDR 1423). [Concordant with the S. form: ka~_gir.i_ abrus precatorius].

1272.Agriculturist: khamman a sub-division of jats (P.lex.) cf. kamma a caste of agriculturists (Te.lex.)

1273.Roll of betel: kuhali, kuhali_ betel leaf (Skt.); khili packet, roll (esp. of betel leaf)(N.); khila_ leaf, betel leaf (A.); khili roll (esp. of betel)(B.); khila bundle (Or.); khi_li_ betel leaf prepared for chewing (H.)(CDIAL 3887). Roll: sirl- (silr-, silir-), sirlap- to rotate (Go.); surul.i, surul.e, sural.i a coil, roll (Ka.); curul.al coil; curul. roll, coil (Ta.)(DEDR 2684). Image: betel: kar-pu_rak-kot.i a kind of betel (G.Sm.D. 215)(Ta.lex.)

1274.Wild dog; wolf: ko_ka wolf (R.); ko_kad.a fox (Skt.); ko_ka-ya_tu (RV.); a kind of noxious parasitical animal (AV.); ko_ka wolf (Pali); ko_a (Pkt.); kog wild dog (Kho.); kik (Wkh.); ko~_ (Sh.)(CDIAL 3481). kuwa_n. wolf (A.)(CDIAL 3482).

1275.Image: leopard; jackal: kukka_l leopard (Go.); kukond.i, kukand.i leopard (Pa.)(DEDR 1626). kul tiger; kul dander den of tiger; and.kul to become tiger (Santali.lex.) khin.khira, khin.kiri_ fox (skt.); khikhi, kikhi (Skt.); khim.khin.i_ she-jackal (Pkt.); khikhir fox (Mth.); khi~ki_ (H.); khekhli_ (G.)(CDIAL 3878). kro_s.t.r. crying (BhP.); jackal (RV.); kro_s.t.u (Pa_n..); kot.t.hu-, kot.t.huka-, kotthu-, kotthuka jackal (Pali); kot.t.hu- (Pkt.); kot.a jackal (Si.); kot.iya leopard (Si.)[cf. ked.iak tiger (Kol.); kar.eyak panther (Nk.)(DEDR 1132)]; kur-ukkan, kur-u nari jackal (Ma.); ko_lhuya-, kulha- jackal (Pkt.)[cf. kul.l.a-nari jackal (Ta.)(DEDR 1839)]; kolha_, ko_ jackal; adj. crafty (H.); kohlu~, kolu~ jackal (G.); kolha_, kola_ (M.)(CDIAL 3615). karaj a jackal (Santali.lex.) kudke fox (Kor.); kudike jackal (Tu.); kudka id. (Ka.); kor-o naka jackal (small in size, opposed to peri naka)(Kond.a)(DEDR 1851). kul.l.a-nari jackal (Ta.)(DEDR 1839). Image: male hunting leopard: kun.t.at.iyan- male hunting leopard, felis jubata (Ta.lex.) kun.inari a fox (Ka.); kur..inari (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) kul the tiger, filix tigris; kul en.ga tigress (Santali.lex.) cf. ku~n.d. a pit, a pitfall (Santali.lex.) kun.i, kur..i, gun.i, gur..i a hole; a pit (Ka.); guri (Tu.); kut.ai to hollow, make a hole (Ta.); kun.d.a a hole in the ground, a pit (Ka.); kundi low, or bent, ground; gun.d.i a hole, a pit (Ka.); kun.t.u what is hollow, deep, low (Ta.Ma.)(Ka.lex.) kun.d.el to lie down, to lie prostrate (Santali.lex.) kunun.gu = kun.gu to crouch (Ka.lex.)

1276.Image: hare: ko_kat.am < ko_kad.a a kind of hare (Ta.lex.)

1277.One who gives away a girl in marriage: kukuda, kuku_da one who gives away a girl in marriage with suitable decorations and in accordance with prescribed ceremonies (Skt.lex.) ku_kuda one who gives a girl in marriage in due form, decorating her with ornaments; ku_su trifling; ku_tu a daughter (Te.); ku_su a male or female infant, a babe; a maiden, a young virgin; a person (Ka.); ku_sugud.u to give a child in marriage (Ka.) (Ka.lex.) ku.x girl, daughter (To.); ku_su infant, babe; maiden, young virgin (Ka.); ku_kru young, small (Tu.); ku_je small boy; ku_ji girl; ko_ji boy (Kor.); ku_su low, base, trifling, insignificant; ku~_turu, ku_tu, (inscr.) kuntur- daughter; (inscr.) ku_vita id. (Te.); ku_co_, ku_co mother's younger sister; kuci id., father's younger brother's wife; kusi id., mother's sister (Go.)(DEDR 1873). koccu small, young; koccan- young boy (Ta.); koccu short, small, yong, mean; (also koccan) little boy; kocci girl; kocam a little; kou a young stunted coconut (Ma.); koyyal lean (Pa.); kocceka, koceka a little (Kuwi)(DEDR 2041). Young; prattle: kis'o_ra a youth, lad, a boy below fifteen, a minor in law; kis'o_ri_ a maiden, a young woman; kis'o_ra a colt, cub, the young of any animal; e.g. ke_sarikis'o_rah. (Skt.lex.) koccaiyar young persons (Tiruman. 1394); cowherds, shepherds (Tiruppu. 255); kocam little, small quantity (Tiruppu. 609); id. (Ma.); kocemu (Te.); koca (Ka.); kondra (Tu.); cf. kicit (Skt.); kocal childish prattle (Ta.Ma.); koccu id. (Ka.); kocutal to lisp, to prattle, as children (Uttarara_. Campuva. 21); id. (Ma.); to talk softly or amorously, as young women (Ta.); koccai, koccai-c-col lisping; rustic or unrefined speech (Ta.lex.) cf. uccarati utters, speaks (MBh.)(CDIAL 1641). kis'o_ra foal (AV.); a youth (BhP.); kis'o_rika_ (Pa_n..); kiso_ra boy; kiso_ri_ girl (Pkt.); kyo~_ru foal (Sh.); kis'ora_ a youth (Or.); kis'ori_ f. a youth (Or.); kisora_, kisori_ (OAw.)(CDIAL 3190). Youth; beauty: koko child (Go.); small, little (of quantity); kogri younger, small; kogi mother's sister, father's younger brother's wife (Kond.a); koki father's younger brother's wife, mother's younger sister; kogle woman (? originally 'girl'); koy(i) pl. koyik (small) girl, daughter, sister (Pe.); koganju a small man or boy, lad; kogari a small woman, girl, animal, or thing; kogara mogara a small piece; particle; kogeri, kogi small, tiny, little; goi pl. goiska girl friend (a term of endearment used by one woman or girl to another)(Kui); kokasi, ko_ka_si boy; kokkasi boy, pupil, child; kakka_yu_ boy (Kuwi); kukkos boy, lad, young man, male child; kukoy girl, lass, young woman; koy abbreviated form of the vocative kukoy (Kur.)(DEDR 203). kuci anything small; young bird, chicken; kucu young of birds and various animals (Ta.); kuu, kuci young, small, infant; kuan boy; also endearingly of girls; kui = kuu, kuan; girl (Ma.); kunj children as given by god, men as children of god; kun small (Ko.); kunni young of an animal, esp. a young dog; gunna smallness; kui a young one (Ka.); kui child; ma.n.ui n. pr. bull in mythology; kuappe uncle, father's younger brother; kuavve aunt, father's younger sister (Kod..); kundu a child of Pariahs; kui, kun.n.i small (Tu.); gunna young of an animal; kunna~d.u boy, lad; (inscr.) kunnalu pl. sucklings, children (Te.); ku.na puppy (Kol.); cur.kuju, curxunju_ the last-born of a family (cf. cud.d.a end, last)(Kur.)(DEDR 1646). kur..akan- youth (Tiruvil.ai. Tiruman.a. 44); beautiful person (Tiruva_ca. 3,12); Skanda; person of yielding or accommodating nature (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 3,6,3); kur..a-makan- youthful hero, as of a poem (Ilak. Vi. 858); a poetic composition in which women extol the worth of a youthful hero (Ton-. 283); wooden doll (Pa_rata. Niraimi_. 136); kur..a-man.am marriage of dolls; kur..aman.an- wooden doll (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 6,2,6); kur..aku youthfulness (Ci_vaka. 2790); beauty (Te_va_. 468,7); infant (Tiruppu. 106); kur..avi infant, babe (Man.i. 11,114); young of certain animals (viz., ya_nai, elephant; pacu, cow; erumai, buffalo; kat.amai, elk; marai, sambur, Indian elk; kuran.ku, monkey {quadruped, beast (Ta.lex.) cf. kuran.ga antelope (CDIAL 3320); mucu, langur, black monkey, semnopithecus priamus}; u_kam black monkey (Cir-upa_n.. 221) (Tol. Po. 575-579); young of the vegetable kingdom (Tol. Po. 579, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) kur..avi-kol.pavar those who bring up a child (Pur-ana_. 5); kur..avu young, tender age, juvenility (Tol. Col. 312)(Ta.lex.) kur..antai infant, babe, suckling (Kampara_. Urukka_. 65); childhood, tender age (Kampara_. U_rte_t.u. 209); kur..akutal to prattle playfully (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 6,2,5); to coax, wheedle (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 6,2,6); kur..a young, tender (Tol. Col. 312)(Ta.lex.) cf. kud.'aga boy (NiDoc.); kud.'i girl (NiDoc.); kr.ta_ girl (RV.); kud.ati acts like a child (Dha_tup.)(CDIAL 3245). Boy: kor.a boy; kur.i girl (Sant.Mun.d.ari); koa, kui (Ho); ko_n, ko_nje_ (Ku_rku_); kur..a young (Ta.); kod.a youth (Ka.); kr.ta_ girl (RV.); kud.ati acts like a child (Dha_tup.); kud.a'aga boy; kud.'i girl (NiDoc.); ku_r.e child, foetus (Ash.); istrimali_-kur.a_ girl (Ash.); kru_, kuruk young of animals (Kt.); kyu_ru young of animals, child (Pr.); kyuru boy; kuri_ colt, calf (Pr.); kura child (Dm.); kur. (Shum.); ku_rak young of animals (Kal.); kur.i_ woman, wife (Phal.); ku_r^u young girl; ko_r.i_, kur.hi_ (K.); kur.a_ bridegroom (L.); kur.i_ girl, virgin, bride; woman (L.); girl, daughter (P.); kur.i, kul.i_, kol.a_ boy; kur.i_ girl (WPah.); a~_t.-kur.a_ childless (a~_t.a tight)(B.); ko_ son; ku_i_ daughter (WPah.); ko son; koi daughter; kua_, ko_i_, koa_, ku_i_ (WPah.)(CDIAL 3245). kut.t.am young of a monkey (Ta.); kut.t.an- laddie, lassie, as a term of endearment; kid or lamb; kut.t.i young of a dog, pig, tiger, etc.; little girl (Ta.); kut.t.an boy, lamb, calf; kut.t.i young of any animal, child (chiefly girl)(Ma.); kwit.n. husband, man younger than a woman speaking, man (suffix in proper names)(To.); kwit.y wife (very restricted use)(To.); gud.d.a a boy (Ka.); kut.t.i child of any caste except Coorgs; young of animals (except dog, cat, pig)(Kod..)(DEDR 1670). kuruku young of an animal (Ta.); kuruman- young of certain animals and birds (Ta.); kurul.ai young of certain animals, young of a snake, child (Ta.); kurul, kurl a baby (Tu.); kurnja young male child; fem. kurnji (Pe.); kuru_ colt (Kur.)(DEDR 1791). kur..aku youthfulness, infant; kur..antai infant, childhood; kur..avi infant, young of certain animals, young of the vegetable kingdom (Ta.); kon.asu young one of wild beasts (Ka.); korayi, kori husband; korti wife (Kor.); kod.a tenderness, tender age, youth (Ka.); kor..untu anything young; kor..untan husband, husband's younger brother; kor..unan- husband; kur..a young, tender; kur..akan- youth, beautiful person, Skanda (Ta.); kod.uku son; kon.d.ika child; kodama the young of any animal; young (Te.); kovve young of bird or animal; koral younger brother's wife; kommal (pl. kommasil) daughter; kola bride, son's wife, younger brother's wife (Nk.); kor. very young; kor.ung new shoot, sprout; kor.ol bride (Pa.); kor.al son's wife, younger brother's wife; kod.us-, kod.c- to sprout (Ga.); kor.un young shoot (Ga.); ko_r.sa_na_, ko_rsa_na_ to sprout, grow (of trees, plants, etc.); kor.s- to sprout; kor.i leaf-shoot; kor.k-ila new leaf; kor.ta month of Bhadra_ (Aug-Sept.) when new paddy is worshipped; koria_r. son's wife; tammur-koria_r. younger brother's wife (Go.); Daughter-in-law: kor.ia_r. daughter-in-law; kor.iyar. id., sister's daughter, younger brother's wife; kod.iya_d. daughter-in-law, sister's daughter (of a male)(Go.); komma maiden, female; ko_d.alu daughter-in-law; ko_t.ramu, ko_d.an.t.ramu, ko_d.an.t.rikamu, ko_d.ar-ikamu the position and duties of a daughter-in-law, daugher-in-lawship (Te.); kor.o (pl. -k) female child, (pl. -r) male child; kor.onali a nursing mother; kor.ya daughter-in-law, younger brother's wife; kor.esi daughter-in-law (when referrinng to the 3rd person); kodma male buffalo calf (Kond.a); kor.iya ga_r. son's wife, younger brother's wife (Mand..); kur.a, kr.ua, kr.uha wife (Kui); kur.ia, ku_ria daughter-in-law; kur.va younger brother's wife (Kuwi); kor.gi young (of children); qro infant (Malt.); xarruni_ wife (Br.)(DEDR 2149). cf. kalatra wife (MBh.); kad.atra (BHSkt.); kalatta (Pkt.); kaletri_ (Pas'.); kaletro husband (Pas'.); kalatravant having a wife (BhP.); khanwo_tri_ woman; kanwotro husband (Pas'.)(CDIAL 2915). kur.matt relationship by marriage (P.)(CDIAL 3234).

1278.Marking-nut; cashew-nut: kohka_ mara_ marking-nut tree (Go.); ko~_di marking-nut tree (Pa.); ko_ndu maren, ko_n.u_n id. (Ga.); ko_hka_ mar.a_, kohka_, kohka, k'ka, kohoka id. (Go.)(DEDR 2217). X cf. goh'o_ cashew nut tree (Kuwi); ko.g stone of olive (Ko.)(DEDR 2179). ka_lakam, ka_vaka_ marking-nut, ce_n.kot.t.ai; emetic nut, marukka_rai (Malai.)(Ta.lex.) cf. ka_laka (Skt.) ce_, ce_n.kot.t.ai marking-nut (Pata_rtta. 1066); marking-nut tree, semecarpus anacardium (Malai.); ce_n.kot.t.ai-k-kur-i marks on clothes made with the juice of the marking-nut; ce_pa_lam < ce_ + phala marking-nut (Ta.lex.) ke_r, ke_ru, ge_r, ge_ru the tree semecarpus anacardium which produces the marking-nut (Ka.); ce_r (M.); ce_, ce_r (Ta.); ji_d.i, je_d.i (Te.); arus.kara (Ka.); aks.a, bhalla_taka, vi_ravr.ks.a; ke_ru-bi_ja the marking-nut (Ka.lex.) ce_r marking-nut tree, semecarpus anacardium (Ta.); ce_r marking-nut tree, semecarpus orientalis (Ma.); ke_r, ge_r semecarpus anacardium (Ka.); ge_ru-ka_yi, ge_re-ka_yi, je_ru-ka_yi marking-nut; te_reda-mara marking-nut tree, semecarpus anacardium (Tu.); ji_d.i id.; ji_d.i-ginja marking-nut (Te.); si_r.i cashew (Kond.a); ki_ro_ semecarpus anacardium (Kur.); kro the Malacca bean (Malt.)(DEDR 2005). For -pa_lam in ce_-pa_lam (Ta.) cf. bhalla_ta the tree semecarpus anacardium (cashew or marking nut); its fruit (S'a_rn.S.); bhalla_taka (MBh.); bhalla_taki_, bhalli_ (Bhpr.); bala_dur (Pers.); bhalla_taka, bhalla_taki_, bhalli_ (Pali); bhalla_ya, bhalla_aya, bhilla_yai_ (Pkt.); bhela_o the nut (S.); bhila_va_ nut and tree (P.); bhalya_, bhalyo a broad-leaved tree growing in the Bha_bar and used medicinally (Ku.); bhala_yo the nut (N.); bhala_ nut and tree (A.); bha_la_, bha_lia_, bhelua~_ (Or.); bhila_wa~_, bhila_wan, bhalli_ (H.); bhila_mo the tree; bhila_mu~ the nut (G.); bhila_va_ the nut (M.); bala the tree nothopegis colebrookiana (anacardiaceae); badulla, baduluruk semecarpus anacardium (Si.)(CDIAL 9414). Anacardium orientale the oriental cashew-nut or marking-nut, represents the fruit of semecarpus anacardium, a tree with greenish-white flowers and black, drupaceous fruits indigenous to India... The fruits contain cardol, anacardic acid, the alkaloid chuchunine and tannin; the seeds, a fixed oil. The oil of the pericarp is used as a caustic or an escharotic, and sometimes in the treatment of certain indolent ulcers... the sap is a violent contact poison, and causes painful swelling and minute pustules on the skin. (Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, p. 542). Semecarpus anacardium: Indigenous to India... The fixed oil is used in India as an application to floors of houses, serving as a repellent to termites. The black juice of the fruit is used in printing cotton cloth. (Heber W. Youngken, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Philadelphia, The Blakiston Co., 1950, p.537). Semecarpus anacardium: bhallika (Skt.); bhela (B.); biba (M.); bhilawa (H.P.); temprakku (Ma.); serangottai (Ta.); bhallatamu (Te.); nut: bruised and applied to os uteri to procure abortion; given as a vermifuge; oil from the nuts: vesicant, used externally in rheumatism and leprous nodules; gum from bark: used in scrofulous, venereal and leprous affections and nervous debility; ashes of the plant: in combination with other drugs used in snake-bite and scorpion-sting; habitat: sub-Himalayan tract from the Beas eastwards and deciduous forests of all districts (GIMP, p. 225). "bhalla_taka (Skt.); arus.kara (Skt.); bhela_ (B.H.); the acrid juice of marking nuts is a powerful vesicant and is often employed by the natives for producing fictitious marks of bruises. These can be distinguished from actual bruises caused by blows with a stick or other weapon, by their deep bluish-black colour and from their presenting small vesicles or minute blisters on their surface. The practice of causing blisters by the application of the juice of marking nuts among the Hindus appears to have been at one time very common, for in our ancient medical works a section or paragraph is generally devoted to the treatment of ulcerations thus produced. The ripe fruits are regarded as acrid, heating, stimulant, digestive, nervine and escharotic, and are used in dyuspepsia, piles, skin diseases, nervous debility, etc... Equal parts of marking nuts, chebulic myrobalans and sesamum seeds, are made into a confection with treacle and administered in doses of forty or sixty grains... Another confection of marking nuts, made with the addition of a number of aromatic substances, is recommended for use in skin diseases and leprosy. Marking nuts enter into the composition of some caustic applications for warts and piles. They form an ingredient of liniment for rheumatic affections called saindhava_dya taila..." (Sanskrit Materia Medica, pp. 142-143). For semant. arus.kara cf. arus.ka wound, sore (Car.); arus- wounded, sore (S'Br.); wound, sore (AV.); aru, aruka (Pali); aruya (Pkt.); aruk a kind of leprosy (Si.)(CDIAL 618). aru_karo_ti wounds (Skt.); aru_rna_ to be hurt (OH.); aru_lna_ to pierce (OH.)(CDIAL 619). s'e_pha_like the small tree nyctanthes arbor tristis = ni_like; the shrub or small tree vitex negundo or trifolia (Ka.lex.) sindwari dare vitex negundo (Santali.lex.) cf. s'e_pha_lika_ vitex negundo, nyctanthes arbor tristis (Sus'r.); s'e_pha_li_, s'e_pa_la, s'i_pha_lika_ (Skt.); se_bha_lia_, se_ha_li_, se_ha_lia_ a kind of creeper (Pkt.); xewa_li the flower of nyctanthes arbos tristis (A.); siuli (B.); sia_l.i, sia_ri a wild creeper with a drinkable watery juice (Or.)(CDIAL 12608). ?Nyctanthes hirsuta = guettarda speciosa: This tree is 5 to 15 meters in height... the flowers are white, fragrant... girls in the Pacific put them in their hair; and Fijians and Samoans string them into necklaces... It is said that a kind of attar is prepared from the flowers in southern India (Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, p.907). ?Nyctanthes sambac = jasminum sambac: Sampagita (Philippines)... is a spreading or sprawling shrub usually less than 2 meters in height... Filipias often conceal the blossoms in their hair on account of their fragrance... Burkill reports that in China the flowers are used for giving an aroma to tea. In Malaya women soak the flowers in water to be used for washing the face... the flowers yield an essential oil similar to that of jasmine (Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, p.708).

1279.Luvunga scandens: ko_laka a kind of perfume; ko_ladala id.; nakhi (Ka.lex.) ko_laka, kakko_laka = gavala kacu_ra (Ka.lex.) Species: Indo-Malayan. Distribution: Eastern Bengal, Assam, Khasia Hills, Chittagong, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Cambodia, Sumatra. The root and berries are sweet, oily, cooling; allay thirst; aphrodisiac; cure consumption, biliousness. The berries are used in preparing a perfumed medicinal oil (kakkolaka), and are sold in the bazaars of Bengal under the name of kakala. (Ayurveda). Malay: akar keping; Sanskrit: dhankshika, dhira, dhmanksholi, jivaniya, jivanti, kakoli, kayasthika, kshira, lavangalata, madhura, payasvinim payasya, shitapaki, shukla, svadumansi, vayasoli, vayasolika, vayastha. (Indian Medicinal Plants, pp. 479-480). Luvnga scandens: lavangalata (Skt.); labangaphjal (B.)(GIMP, p.157).cf. gu_lⁱ ball (K.); golaka, gut.ika_ (Skt.)(Bloch, p. 328).

1281.Image: fowl: kukkut.am < kukkut.a gallinaceous fowl, cock, hen (Kantapu. Val.l.i. 261)(Ta.lex.) kukkil crow-pheasant, centropus rufipennis (Kal.avar..i. 5)(Ta.lex.) kukkut.a-ti_pam a fowl-shaped lamp used in temples (Parata. Or..ipi. 42, Urai.); kukku_-ven-al onom. expr. signifying crowing sound, as of a cock (Kur-un. 157)(Ta.lex.) Cock: kutaru a cock (Skt.lex.) kukkut.a cock; kukkut.arava cock's crow; kukkut.ayuddha cock fighting (Pali.lex.) kor (pl. kod.l) hen, cock, fowl (Kol.); hen (Nk.Go.); cock (Ga.); korru id. (Ga.); korr cock, hen, fowl (Pa.); fowl, hen (Go.); kor.u (pl. koRku) fowl (Kond.a); kozu (pl. kosku), kuzu (pl. kusku) fowl (Pe.); kuy id. (Mand..); koju (pl. koska) id. (Kui); koiyu_ (pl. ko_ska), koyu (pl. koska) id., hen (Kuwi)(DEDR 2160). ko.l.i fowl (Kod..); ko_ri, ko_l.i fowl (Tu.); ko_r..i cock, hen, cowl (Ka.); fowl (Ma.); gallinaceous fowl (Ta.); kod.i cock, fowl (Skt.)(DEDR 2248).

1282.Image: fork-tailed shrike: kukkat.i fork-tailed shrike (Ka.); ku~_kat.ima~_ga id. (Te.)(DEDR 1627). Image: magpie, bird: ke_ya shrike bird (Kuwi); snipe or similar bird (Pa.); ke_ga magpie (Kui)(DEDR 1994). Image: pigeon: gugrcet.y pigeon (Ko.); cet.t.i hen-sparrow (Ka.)(DEDR 2763). cf. cat.aka sparrow (Skt.)(CDIAL 4571). kut.ur sit.i... cooing of pigeons (To.); kut.ru, gut.ru id. (Ka.); kut.ru id. (Tu.); gud.r- (-it-) to coo (Kuwi)(DEDR 1667). Pigeon; dove: guvva dove, pigeon (Te.); kumur-i a kind of pigeon (Ta.); gu_va dove (Ka.); ku_ki_ id.; gummal, gummul the grey dove with a ring round its neck (Go.); go_van.d.a pigeon (Kond.a); guguri dove (Kui); kuguri, ku_gu_ri, kugguri (Kuwi); gugr, gugrgr.. pigeon's noise (Ko.)(DEDR 1930). cf. ku_ cooing, as of a dove (Ta.); kuvi to cry out (Ka.); ku_g to call (Nk.); ku_gu, ku_ku a cry, clamour (Ka.); ku_vu to crow, cry (as a cuckoo or birds in general)(Ta.)(DEDR 1863). kapo_ta pigeon, dove (RV.); pigeon (Pali); kapo_taka small pigeon, small dove (MBh.); small pigeon (Pali); kapo_ti_ pigeon (Pali); kapo_tika_ small pigeon (Pali); kapota (As'.); kavo_ya, kavo_d.a (Pkt.); kau_ (D..); kewi_k (Ash.); kawekⁱ (Kt.); kowrot.i_ (Pr.); kawaya_ (Pas'.); koho_u, obl. koho_lu_na, koho_r (Kal.); kowor (Kho.); kovi_ small dove (L.P.); kuvi_ (P.); kovo, kovu, kobo_ (Si.); kupte white dove (Wg.); ko_pot pigeon (Gaw.)(CDIAL 2753). ko_tur, dat. ko_taras pigeon, dove (K.); kapo_tar (Pahl.); kautar (Psht.)(CDIAL 2754). ka_po_ta pertaining to pigeons (MBh.); dull white, grey (VarBr.S.); ka_po_taka grey (Pali); kov^u dark coloured, black (K.); ka_wor^u id. (K.); ka_wa-dach, ka_vur^u dach vine with small black grapes, berberis lycium (K.)(CDIAL 3041). Image: crow pheasant: kuppul.u a bird (Ka.); kupulu, kupul.u, kupl.u the crow-pheasant (Tu.)(DEDR 1735). Coo: kuharita cry of the ko_kila bird (Skt.); kuhara_ to coo (B.); kuhariba_, kuhuriba_ to coo, lament plaintively (Or.); kuharna_, kaharna_ to groan (H.)(CDIAL 3388). kuyil word; kuyir-r-u to tell, say, utter; to lay down, as rules; kuyin-mor..i soft, sweet words, like the notes of the koel; liquorice; kuyil ku_vu to present a pleasing, thriving aspect, as a field with luxuriant crop (Ta.lex.) kuyil to sound, play; vi_n.ai kur..alo_t.u kuyila (Ci_vaka. 1255); kuyiluvam playing on stringed musical instrumments, drums, tabrets, clarionets, horns; kuyiluvar players on stringed instruments; payir-or..irx.) kukkai, kokkai calls, challenges (Pkt.); ku_kan.u to screech (S.); ku_kan. to scream (L.); ku_kn.a_ (P.); ku_kna_ to scream (H.); kukn.e~, ku~kn.e~ to crow (M.); ku_ka scream (S.); ku_k (L.P.H.); kok (H.);--Deriv. ku_kir.o consternation (S.)(CDIAL 3390). cf. aor. kruks.at shouts (RV.)(CDIAL 3596).

1283.Indian cuckoo: ko_kulam < ko_kila koel (Paripa_. 9,65); ko_kilam id. (Tirukko_. 322)(Ta.lex.) kuyil koel, Indian cuckoo, eudynamis honorata (Ta.); kuyil, kur..il Indian cuckoo, cuculus or eudynamis orientalis (Ma.); (kuyilv-, kuyin-r--) to call, whoop, halloo; utter, tell (Ta.); kuyir-r-u (kuyir-r-i-) to tell, utter (Ta.); kukil cuckoo; v.t. to cry as a cuckoo; ku_gula cuckoo (Ka.); ko_gile, ko_jile, kuyilu id. (Tu.); kuhu pat.a id. (Kuwi); kokila Indian cuckoo (Skt.); kuhila id. (Pkt.)(DEDR 1764). ko_kila_ the Indian cuckoo cuculus indicus (MBh.). [Among NIA forms those of S.Or.Mth.Bhoj.Aw.G. apparently, unless borrowed are <-illa-: all others, except M., may be <-illa] ko_kila (Pali); ko_ila (Pkt.S.OAw.); koil (P.WPah.Mth.H.); koili (N.Or.); koilⁱ (Bhoj.); kuli (A.); kuila (MB.); ko_il (H.M.); koyal (H.G.); koyalr.i_ (G.); koi_l. (M.); koya_l. (M.); kovula_, kevili_ (Si.)(CDIAL 3483). kun.a_la the Indian cuckoo (Pali); kun.al (Si.)(CDIAL 3258). Image: cuckoo: ko_rakai Indian cuckoo; ko_racam a kind of partridge (Ta.); ko_kila (Skt.)(Ta.lex.); kurakam myna, starling, acridotheres tristis (Ta.); goravanka, goravanke the common maina, acridotheres tristis or the pastor (Ka.); goravanka, go_ra, go_ranka, go_rinka, go_ruvanka myna (Te.); go_ro_d. id. (Go.)(DEDR 1766). To cry; to call: ke_gu to cry as a peacock; n. the cry of a peacock; ke_ku, ke_ke the cry of a peacock; kekku to shout in training cattle (Ka.); ka.k to call, invite (?Kod..); ke_k shout of joy, loud laughter (Tu.); ke_ka a cry or shout, the cry of a peacock; ke_karincu to cry or shout out; ke_karinta a cry or shout; ke_ka_ramu the cry of a peacock (Te.); ke_y- to call, (peacock) to cry, (owl) to hoot, (animal) to call; ke_i_a_na_ to summon (Go.); kekeri ki_ali to cackle (Kuwi)(DEDR 1992). ke_ka_ peacock's cry (MBh.); keka_ (Pkt.); ki_ha scream (S.); keha_ peacock (H.); kekin peacock; Apabhrams'a; kekkara cry of peacock (Skt.)(CDIAL 3458). To say; to coo: kathayati converses with, describes (MBh.); kathe_ti speaks, preaches (Pali); kahe_i, kahai says (Pkt.); kahan.u (S.); kahin.a_, kaihna_ (P.); ka_hnu_ (WPah.); kaun.o (Ku.); kahanu (N.); kaiba (A.); kaha_ (B.); kahiba_ (Or.); kahal (Bhoj.); kahab (Mth.Aw.); kahna_ (H.); kahai (OMarw.); kahai (OG.); kahevu~ (G.); kiyanava_ (Si.)(CDIAL 2703). ga_the, ga_de, ga_he a song; a verse; a metrical su_tra; a saying or proverb (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) kuharita cry of the ko_kila bird (Skt.); kuhara_ to coo (B.); kuhariba_, kuhuriba_ to coo, lament plaintively (Or.); kuharna_, kaharna_ to groan (H.)(CDIAL 3388). kukkai, kokkai calls, challenges (Pkt.); ku_kan.u to screech (S.); ku_kan. to scream (L.); ku_kn.a_ (P.); ku_kna_ (H.); kukn.e~, ku~kn.e~ to crow (M.); ku_ka scream (S.); ku_k (L.P.H.); kok (H.);--Deriv. ku_kir.o consternation (S.)(CDIAL 3390). Image: to shout: kokkari (-pp-, -tt-) to shout in triumph; cluck, cackle (as goose), chuckle (as crow); n. shouting (Ta.); kokku cackling, chuckling; kokkuka, kokkikka to cackle (as a hen), cluck, pipe, cry as a deer (Ma.); kokkok ennu to cackle or cluck as a hen; kokkarisu to threaten, menace, abuse, deride, shout; chuckle, giggle (Ka.); kokkarincu to mock, ridicule; shout, cluck (Te.); kaka_ring to cackle (Br.)(DEDR 2031).

1284.Image: ruddy goose: ko_ka the ruddy goose, anus casarca (Ka.Skt.) (Ka.lex.) ko_kam ruddy shield-rake, cakkarava_kam (Iraku. Tikkuvi. 247)(Ta.lex.) karkara a sort of duck or goose; ka_ran.d.ava (Ka.lex.) kokod.al heron, duck (Go.)(DEDR 2125).

1285.Hopea wightiana: ko_n.ku common caung. hopea wightiana; hopea parviflora iron wood of Malabar (Ta.); id. in: neduva_r go_n.gu (Ma.)(DEDR 2185). cf. ur-uppa_ a tree, the timber of which is used instead of teak in ship-building, hopea decandra; urappu-ppicin- an evergreen tree, hopea odorata (Ta.); ur-ippu, urippu a heavy timber more durable than teak, hopea decandra (Ma.)(DEDR 717).

1287.Dense, crowded: kikkar-isu to be closely united or crowded, be thickset, be excessive (as the water of a tank); make small, draw together (as one's body) (Ka.); krikkir-incu, k(r)ikkir-iyu to be crowded, dense, thickset or close-set, occupy fully, leave no space; ki_ka_ran.yamu a thick and dark forest (Te.); kikkir-i to be close together, be dense, be crowded, abundant, thickset; n. a crowd; kikkinda, kis.kinda closeness, narrowness, pressure, a crowd (Ka.); cf. kis.kindha (Skt.)(DEDR 1509).

1288.Dense; ford: gahana deep, dense (Ka.lex.) ga_han. crossing by a ford, a ford (Pali)(CDIAL 4128). jhag expanse of shallow water; jha_gan.u to wade through shallow water; ajha_gu unfathomable (S.)(CDIAL 4129). vaikai, vaiyai < ve_ga-vati_ the vaigai river in the Madura district (Pur-ana_. 71,10); vaiyai-t-tur-aivan- the Pa_n.d.ya king, as ruling the vaigai region (Perunto. 1410)(Ta.lex.) ga_hate_ dives into (AitBr.); roams (Skt.); ga_ha- in cmpd. 'diving into' (Skt.); ga_hati immerses (Pali); ga_hadi dives into, seeks (Pkt.)(CDIAL 4152). ga_dha ford; adj. shallow (Kaus.Br.); ga_dhate_ stands firm (Dha_tup.); ga_dhati (Pali); ga_dha fordable; ford (Pali); shallow (Pkt.); gaha- ford (Pkt.); ga small mountain stream, large nullah; vai-ga_ ford, stream; in meaning 'valley, stream' (Sh.)(CDIAL 4127). ga going, moving (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) vaikai, vaiyai the Vaigai river in the Madura district (vaiyai cu_r..nta val.an.ker..uvaippin- : Pur-ana_. 71,10); vaiyai-t-tur-aivan- the Pan.d.ya king, as ruling the Vaigai region (Tiva_; Perunto. 1410)(Ta.lex.) gan.ga_ > kan.kai the river ganges (Tiv. Periya_r... 4,7,1); river in general, the proper name of the Ganges becoming a common noun to denote any river (Kantapu. Ta_raka. 37)(Ta.lex.) ga valley, stream (Sh.); ga_ha depth, innermost recess (RV.); gaha depth (N.)(CDIAL 4151).

1289.Dumb: gun.ga, gun.gi_ dumb (Pas'.); gung (Pers.); gun.go (S.); gun.ga_ (L.P.); gu~go, go~go (N.); gon.ga_ speaking indistinctly (A.B.); ghon.ga_, goga_ dumb (B.); gun.ga, gun.ga_, ghun.ga_ dumb; gua~_ga fool (Or.); gu~_ga_ dumb (H.); gu~go (G.); gu~g stupid (M.)(CDIAL 4171). cf. mu_n.kai dumb person (Ta.)(DEDR 5026). u_m dumbness; u_man-, uvaman- dumb man; fem. u_macci, u_maicci; u_mai dumbness, dumb person; u_maiyan- a dumb man (Ta.); u_man dumb, stupid (Ma.); u_me dumb man, taciturn man (Ka.)(DEDR 746).

1291.Image: bill, beak: kokku long beak, bill (Ma.); beak, bill (Ka.); kokki beak (Kod..); kokku, kokka_yi, ko_ka_yi bill, beak (Tu.)(DEDR 2034). Image: crane, heron, paddy bird, duck: kokod.al heron, duck (Go.); konga crane (Go.); kohko paddy bird (Kui); kongi, kokor.a crane (Kuwi); xa_xu_r demoiselle crane (Br.); kokku common crane, grus cinerea; stork, paddy bird (Ta.); kuruku heron, stork, crane, bird, gallinaceous fowl, an-r-il bird (Ta.); kokku, kokkan, kocca, kuriyan paddy bird, heron (Ma.); kuru heron (Ma.); kosk heron (To.); kokku, kokkare crane (Ka.); kukku heron, crane (Ka.); korngu crane, stork (Tu.); konga, kokkera, kokkara_yi crane (Te.); pegguru, begguru (< peru-kuru) adjutant crane (Te.); konga crane (Kol.); kokkal pl. kokkacil (Pa.); kokka_le (pl. kokka_sil) heron (Ga.); konalin (pl. konasil), kokalin crane (Ga.); koruku crane (Go.)(DEDR 2125). Image: paddy bird, crane: kan.ka heron [VS. < Drav.; influence certain in o of M. and Si.]; kan.ka heron (Pali); kam.ka id. (Pkt.); kan.gu crane, heron (S. > Balu_ci_.Iranian); ka~_k heron (B.); ka_n.ka heron (Or.); ka~_kr.u~ a particular ravenous bird (G.); -- with o from Drav.: ko~ka_ heron (M.); koka_ heron (Si.); pl. kokku various kinds of crane or heron (Si.); keki_ female crane (Si.); ke_ki a species of crane, the paddy bird (e_?)(Si.)(CDIAL 2595). ko~k a heron (Santali.lex.) d.hen.ka, sahraj a species of crane (Santali.lex.) krca a kind of snipe or curlew; kruc, krun. (VS.); krauc curlew (TS.); osprey (Skt.); krauci_ (Mn.); kro_ca (BHSkt.); kum.ca a kind of bird (Pkt.); lu_nc kite (Pas'.); koca heron (Pali); kom.ca a kind of bird (Pkt.); ku~_j, pl. ku~_ja_ demoiselle crane (L.); ku~_j a large grey water-bird (P.); ku~_j, ku~_ja_ a species of crane (H.); ko_ca_ a kind of water-bird (H.); kar-koca_, kar-koci_, kar-kuci_ demoiselle crane (M.)(CDIAL 3597). kala_n.kura the bird ardea sibirica (Skt.); kara~_kul a kind of crane (H.)(CDIAL 2928).

1292.Boiled grain: ghun.gan.i_ grain boiled whole (P.); ghun.n.i, ghugni boiled peas with spices and oil (B.); ghu~_gni_ (H.)(CDIAL 4476). guggari, gugguri, gugri grain boiled whole or half dressed and seasoned (Ka.); gugguri soaked grain (Tu.); guggil.l.u pl. any grain boiled but not reduced to a pulp (Te.); gugri_ any grain boiled and seasoned (Go.)(DEDR 1632).

1293.Image: spear: gorka spear (Pa.Go.); goh-ka, gohka id. (Go.)(DEDR 2126). kahli a fish-spear (Santali.lex.) 

1294.Image: monkey: ko_kulam monkey (W.)(Ta.lex.) cf. ko_d.aga a monkey, an ape (Ka.); ko_t.aram, ko_kilam, kuran.gu (Ta.); kod.aji, kod.aju a large kind of ape (Tu.)(Ka.lex.) Monkey's bark; cough: kokl to cough (Pa.); khokla, khoki_ id. (Go.); kok to cough (Kond.a); krok id. (Pe.); kruk id. (Mand..); go_khali id., (Kuwi); go_ki cough (Kuwi); goghi cough (Kuwi)(DEDR 2127). khokkhai barks (of a monkey)(Pkt.); khokkha_ monkey's bark (Pkt.); khoknu to cough (N.); khoki id. (N.); khuka_ (B.); kho~khna_, kho~khi_ (H.); khokhlo (G.); khokn.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 3926). Image: hawk: ke_karisu to hawk in spitting; ke_karike hawking, spitting out (Ka.); ka_n.kariyuni, kan.kariyuni, kan.karipuni, ke_n.kariyuni, ke_n.karipu, ke_karipu, ka_n.karipu, kan.karipu to hawk, force up phlegm with a noise, hem (Tu.); ke_karincu to hawk in spitting; ke_karinta act of hawking in spitting (Te.)(DEDR 1991). cf. kapka (< kak-p; kakt-) to laugh, ridicule (Kui)(DEDR 1080). cf. kakku (kakki-) to vomit, eject; n. whooping cough (Ta.)(DEDR 1079). daggu, d.aggu to cough; n. a cough (Te.); dag- (dakt-), d.agg- to cough; d.ag a cough (Kol.); d.hag- to cough (Nk.); d.aga_na_ id.; d.ag(u) coughing, hawking (Go.)(DEDR 2939). Image: monkey: ko_ve, koye, kovve, kowwe_ red-faced monkey (Go.); kovva red-faced monkey (Pa.); kove id. (Ga.Go.)(DEDR 2142). kapi monkey (RV.Pali.OSi.(Bra_hmi_); kavi (Pali.Pkt.); kai (Pkt.); kiviya_ black monkey (Si.)(CDIAL 2746). Image: monkey: kapi a monkey (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) kapittha_syah- a kind of monkey (Skt.lex.) kavi ape, monkey (Kampara_. Urukka_t.. 29)(Ta.lex.) Image: monkey: go_-la_n.gula a kind of monkey with a dark body, red cheeks, and a tail like that of a cow (Skt.lex.) Image: monkey: ka_r black monkey (Ta.lex.) Image: monkey: kat.uvan- male monkey (Ta.)(Tol. Po. 623); kad.uvan id. (Ma.Ta.lex.); gad.ava a stout male monkey (Ka.); gad.d.i black-faced monkey; gad.d.e_ id. (male)(Go.)(DEDR 1140). Monkey: kapi monkey (Skt.) kapila brown, tawny, reddish (RV.); kapilaka, kapiraka reddish (Pa_n..); kabila (Skt.); kapis'a brown (MBh.)[for relationship monkey ~~ brown cf. ma_kr.u~ red-faced monkey (G.); markat.a monkey (VS.)(CDIAL 9882); man.ga monkey (Ka.)]; kapila brown, tawny, reddish (Pali); kavila (Pkt.); ku_l^u reddish-brown (K.); kela_ pale red (of buffaloes)(L.); kaila_ pale (of buffaloes)(L.); grey (of horses and cattle)(P.); black cow or heifer, young calf under three months (B.); kailo greyish (esp. of eyes)(N.); kaira_, kai~ra_ reddish brown (Or.); kol.u~ reddish brown (G.); kol.i_ cow (G.); kailo blackish (Ku.); ke_l brown (Ku.)(CDIAL 2750).

1295.Image: to turn one's back; to look up: go_pka (< go_k-p-; go_kt-) to stretch forth, stretch the neck in order to observe something, crane the head out (Kui); kok- (-t-) to raise and project the head (while seeing a distant object)(Kond.a); go_k- to look up, await; go_khmu_ look up! (Kuwi)(DEDR 2180). xo_xa_ behind (of time or place), afterwards (Kur.); xo_xna_ to throw behind one's back, cast aside, turn one's back upon, arrive before another (Kur.); qoq behind, at the back (Malt.); qoqe the back (Malt.); qoqeye to turn one's back (Malt.); qoqte, qoqwa the latter or last one (Malt.)(DEDR 2182). koyok to look up (Santali.lex.) Shoulder: ko_ku shoulder (Ta.lex.)

1296.Image: socket of a wheel: kon.d.e the bush or socket of a wheel (Tu.lex.)

1297.Image: hollow: khokha_, khoka_ hollow, decayed (H.); khokho sound of hollow things when struck (Or.); khokh dry and hollow; khokhu~ outer dry crust after inside is removed (G.); khok, kho~k hole, bruise (M.); khokhor^u, khukhor^u hollow (K.); khokhra_ (P.); khokro (N.); khokra_ (H.); khokharo cavity (OMarw.); khokhla_ hollow (P.); khoklo, khuklo loose, slack (N.); khokhal, khokhla_ hollow, decayed (H.); khokar. (H.); khokhas hollow grains (M.)(CDIAL 3928). Image: socket of the eye: kuval.ai socket of the eye; eyelid (W.)(Ta.lex.) Socket, hollow; sunken: kuval.ai socket (Ta.); kuval.a id. (Ma.); go_l.e id. (Ka.); go_l. hollow-ness, hollow; socket (Tu.); ko_l, ko_l hollow, sunken (Tu.); go_l.e socket (Te.)(DEDR 2143). Hollow; cavity: kho_h, kho cave, shelter of overhanging cliff (Sh.); khoh hole, cavern, pit (P.); khoha cave (OAw.); khoh, kho, khau hole, pit, cave (H.); kho cave (G.)(CDIAL 3813).[cf. guha_ hiding place, cave (VS.Pali.Pkt.); guh (RV.); goh cave (G.)(CDIAL 4220)]. Cellar; image: sitting posture: kukai cave, mountain cavern, grotto; hermit's cell; cellar, subterranean walled room for the ascetic in trance (Ta.lex.) kho~j, kho~c, khu~_j glen, ravine, depression between two hills (N.)(CDIAL 3930). kukaram cave, cavern (Aricamaya. Paktica_ra. 37); cavity, hollow, subterranean passage (Pa_rata. Ve_t. 2); kukam id. (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) kevi deep valley, cave (Ta.); gavi cave; gambu cave of wild animals (Ka.); gavi cave, hole, cell (Tu.); cavern (Te.)(DEDR 1332).

1298.Image: saddle: ko_gi_ru a cushion used as a saddle (Ka.); kho_gi_ra (M.H.)(Ka.lex.)

1299.To hand over; arch; to string bow; stretch wire: go_h- to hand over, pass (Kuwi); go_ssali (go_st-) to offer (Kuwi); go_h'nai to outreach, spread (hand); go_nj- (-it-) to string (bow), stretch (wire, etc.)(Kuwi); ko_nja (ko_nji-) an arch (Kui); to string a bow, stretch something from one point to another (Kui); gonjali to string a bow (Kuwi)(DEDR 2193).

1300.Image: vessel with handle and lip: ko_karn.am < go_-karn.a a metal vessel with handle and lip for serving liquid food (Ta.lex.)

1301.Image: span: go_karn.a a span from the tip of the thumb to that of the ring-finger (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

1303.Woman's garment: ko_ka a woman's garment or cloth, a cloth (Te.); kok(k)e cloth (for women)(Nk.)(DEDR 2181). kucavam folds of cloth put on by Indian women; koccakam ornamental pleating of a cloth when worn (Tol. Po. 433, Urai.). koycakam puckered or tucked-up ends of a cloth, as a woman's; ornamental pleating in a woman's dress hanging from the right hip, koycaka marun.kur-a-c-ce_rtti : Kampara_. Te_re_r-u.6); koyyakam ornamental folds of cloth used as hangings in a hall; pacum pon-ut.ukkai koyyaka mi_ppat.a na_r-r-in-ar : Upate_caka_. Civapun.n.iya. 62); koy- to plait, gather into folds, as ends of a cloth; (ko_t.i-p-pu_ntukil koytu : Perun.. Ila_van.a. 5,165); to bristle, as manes of a horse (Ta.lex.) kocu loose inner end or corner of a cloth brought between the legs and tucked in behind; kocikam cloth (Ta.lex.) ?< ko_cikam ?< kaus'ika silk, silk cloth (Perun.. Ucaik. 43,154). Garment of ancient times: ko_n.kalar a garment of ancient times; perhaps ko_n.ku red cotton tree + alar blossom (Cilap.14,108,urai)(Ta.lex.) A variety of silk coton: ko_n.k-ilavu false tragacanth; cochlospermum gossypium (Ta.lex.)

1304.Basting, tacking: ko_kku < ko_k (Urdu) basting, tacking (Ta.lex.) cf. ko_ka_ nail, peg (.); kokan.u to tack, stitch together (S.); koka_ a very small nail (P.); hobnail, tack (L.)(CDIAL 3486). To string: ko_ to string (as beads, flowers), insert, thread (as a needle)(Ta.)(DEDR 2176). To string, decorate; thread a needle; string of ornamental bead: ko_kka nail [Skt. > ku_k (Para_chi_.Iranian)]; kokka_sa the name of a carpenter (Pkt.); ko_ka_ nail, peg (.); kokhchu (Wg.); ko_ku_ (Pas'.); koko small nail, pin (S.); kokan.u to tack, stitch together (S.); koka stitch (S.); koka_ hobnail, tack (L.); tack, nail, thorn, spike of plantain, bud (H.); a very small nail (P.); kok basting (P.); kokai ka~_t.i nails (N.); ko~ka_ spike of plantain (M.)(CDIAL 3486). ko_kka, ko_rkka to string together (as a garland, pearls, beads), thread a needle (Ma.); ko_ (-pp-, -tt-), ko_r (-pp-, -tt-) to string (as beads, flowers), insert, thread (as a needle); ko_ppu stringing, threading, inserting, arrangement, order, decoration (Ta.); ko_vai, ko_rvai stringing, filing, arranging, string of ornamental beads (Ta.); ko_rmpal, ko_mpu string of pearls, bunch of things (Ma.); ko_ (ko_d-, ko_t-) to string (pearls, beads, etc.) upon a thread, thread (Ka.); k(r)o_va a string, as of pearls, etc. (Te.); ko.nz- (ko.nst-) to string, thread (Kol.); ko_nj- (j = dz) to string (Pa.); ka_s to string beads (Go.)(DEDR 2176). To twist, wind; skein: krukta curved (Skt.); kukr.u_ reel of spun thread (WPah.); ku_kna_ to wind, twist; ku_kri_, kukri_ skein (H.); kukd.e~ quantity of thread drawn from a spindle (M.)(CDIAL 3595).

1305.Maize; horse gram: kukkut.a, kukut.a the potherb marsilla quadrifolia (Skt.); kukkut.i_, kuku_t.i_ dolichos pruriens, salmalia malabarica (Sus'r.); kukkud.a a partic. kind of plant (Pkt.); kukkur.a_, kukr.a_, san-kukr.a_ a kind of hemp (P.); kukkur.ⁱ, kukkr.i_ maize (WPah.)[cf. kor.aka horse gram (Go.)(DEDR 2153)]; kukr.i, ku_khr.i_ (WPah.); ku_kar.-velⁱ a creeping plant used medicinally (G.)[cf. val.l.i climber, creeper (Ta.)(DEDR 5316)]; kukulu a kind of creeper (Si.)(CDIAL 3209). cf. a_rai aquatic cryptogamous plant, marsilla minuta coromandelica (Ta.); a_ral marsilea quadrifolia (Ma.)(DEDR 380).

1306.To itch: kok- to itch, scratch (Kol.); ko_k- to itch (Kol.); kokk- to itch, scratch (Nk.); gro_pa (gro_t-) to claw, scratch; n. act of clawing, scratching, a scratch (Kui)(DEDR 2257).

1307.Rumex nepalensis: keygl rumex nepalensis (the long oblong leaves are used by girls to make dolls); key van. gir.v polygonum rude and chinense (Ko.); kwa.gil rumex nepalensis (To.); ko_gile_ gid.a a plant of which the leaves are used instead of plates etc.; ko_giley ele = kuvvey ele leaf of k. (the leaves are dried to make raincapes; kuvve is not identified botanically -- (Ka.)(DEDR 2184). kakurthotne polygonum chinense (N.); ameta (Garhwal)(GIMP, p.200). kuvvey ele is not the same as ku_kai, ku_vai East Indian arrow-root, curcuma angustifolia (Ta.); ku_va (Ma.); ku_ve, kuvve (Ka.); ku_v, kuv (Tu.)(DEDR 1872).

1309.Crucible: kukai crucible (Ta_yu. 32); kukai-c-cat.t.i kettle; kukai-p-put.am calcination or refining of metal in a crucible; kukai-me_n-ta-t-ti_ (kukai + me_l + na_tam) a drug which dissolves gold; kukkut.a-put.am calcination of metals in a pile of ten dried dung-cakes approximating to the height of a cock (Kantapu. Ma_rkkan.. 134) (Ta.lex.)

1310.Wild indigo: kor..ici, kor..uci purple wild indigo, tephrosia purpurea (Ta.); kor..iil galega colonila (Ma.); koggi, koggid.i, koggili, kogge a very common undershrub, tephrosia purpurea = galega colonila (Ka.)(DEDR 2145). Tephrosia purpurea: sharapunkha (Skt.); bannilgach (B.); sarphunkha (M.); sarphonka (H.P.); phanike (Ka.); kolinnil (Ma.); mokkukkay (M.); plant: tonic, laxative, used as anthelmintic for children; used internally as a purifier of the blood and considered a cordial; root: bitter, given in tympanitis, dyspepsia, and chronic diarrhoea; fresh root bark: ground and made into a pill, with a little black pepper, given in cases of obstinate colic (GIMP, p.240).

1311.Image: basket: kik small round basket (Ko.); kukke, kukki small basket made of bamboo (Ka.); kukke basket; kurkilu a kind of basket (Tu.); cot.t.a kurkeli a small basket (Kor.)(DEDR 1629). cf. kuriyan a matbag, light basket of pandanus leaves; kurutti basket for catching fish (Ma.)(DEDR 1779). kujelu a kind of weel for catching fish (Tu.); kua small bamboo basket (Pa.)(DEDR 1644). kurve basket (larger than kurpa_n.o)(Kon.lex.)

1312.Butterfly: gu.ge butterfly (Kol.); gu_ge id. (Nk.); gogava_la id. (Pa.); kukavar.e id. (Ga.); kuge, guge, gu_ge id.; guge moth (Go.)(DEDR 1874).

1313.Refusal: ke- (used only in negative forms) to be unwilling (Kond.a); ka_- (conjugated only in the negative; pres. kaun., etc., past ka_vatan. etc., special base kad-) to be unwilling, refuse (Pe.); kahi don't! (sg.); ka_heri id. pl.; ka_hi ki- to forbid (Kuwi)(DEDR 1420). ku_- to be unwilling (Mand..); ku_va (ku_t-) to refuse, abstain from, abjure; n. refusal (Kui); ku_iyali (ku_t-), ku_nai to refuse; ku_no_mi we do not want (Kuwi)(DEDR 1869). -ke, -ga a particle added to a verb to express permissibility; e_n.kl.u barke shall we take leave (Tu.lex.)

1314.Pogostemon speciosum: kakadg, pen. gakadg pogostemon speciosum (the latter 'female k'); am gakadg plectranthus macraei ('our k.'); ka.r. gakadg plectranthus nepetaefolius ('jungle k.')(Ko.); kaka0x pogostemon speciosum (To.)(DEDR 1077).

1315.Image: whip: kan.kari (Tadbhava of khan.kari); kan.kari-go_l a large whip (Ka.lex.)

1316.Image: locks of hair: khan.kari, kan.kari having locks of hair; khan.kara a curl, a lock of hair (Ka.lex.) Image: bristling hair: gugguri, guggari curling, a curl; becoming erect, bristling as the hair of the body; gugguru the act of becoming erect or bristling; guggari to become erect as the hair of the body (Ka.lex.) Curl: gugguri curl (Ka.); ghu~ghar curls (H.); ghu~ghu~r, ghu~ghru~_ toe bell (M.); ghughro jingling bell (G.); ghu_ghara toe bell, string of bells (OMarw.); ghun.g(h)ru_ string of bells (H.)(CDIAL 4477). guggari curling, a curl (Ka.); gun.guru, gujuru state of being curled or tangled (Ka.); gujjiru curled (Tu.)(DEDR 1633). ghun.gra_l a string of bells on the neck of cattle (P.)(CDIAL 4478). cokr.o to curl up; ghur.ci id.; kir.cot kor.cot curly as hair (Santali.lex.) Image: tangled hair: gun.guru, gugguri, gujur, junjuru the state of being curled or tangled; curled hair; gun.gurudale a head with curled or tangled hair (Ka.lex.)

1317.Miserable: kan.ga_l poor; poverty-stricken; wretched; weak; barren as soil (Ka.M.H.); kan.ga_la a pauper, a miserable wretch, a weak man; kan.ga_latana pauperism, wretchedness (Ka.); kan.ga_li wretchedness (Ka.M.); a pauper, a beggar (Ka.); kan.ga_l.i (Te.)(Ka.lex.) kan.j barren; a barren cow or buffalo that rejects the bull (P.lex.)

1319.Image: skeleton: kan.ka_la a skeleton (Ka.Skt.); kan.ka_la-ma_li whose necklace is formed of bones: S'iva (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) kan.ka_l.ama_li id. (Ta.lex.) kan.gror., kan.gru_r. the back-bone, vertebral column (P.lex.) Image: skeleton: cf. kan.ka_la skeleton (MBh.)(CDIAL 2603).

1320.Image: seat: ka_kul.i seat, mat, bed (Pin..)(Ta.lex.)

1321.Image: single pebble: kan.kare gravel: a single pebble or particle (Ka.); kan.kara (M.H.Te.)(Ka.lex.) Soil mixed with gravel: ka~krot.iya_ soil mixed with coarse gravel (Bi.)(CDIAL 2821). kan.kar < U. kankar limestone, an impure concretionary carbonate of lime; gravel (Ta.); kan.kare id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) karkara stone, bone (Skt.); kakkara stone, pebble (Pkt.); kakiro stone (S.); kakra_ gravel (L.): ka~_kar stone, pebble (A.); gravel (B.); ka_n.kara, kan.kara (Or.); ka~kra_hi_ gravelly soil (Bi.); ka_m.kara gravel (OAw.); ka~_kar, kan.kar, kan.kra_ nodule of limestone (H.); ka~_kri_, kan.kri_ gravel (H.); ka~_kro pebble (G.); ka~_kri_ sand, small pebble (G.); ka_kriyu~ stony field; abounding in pebbles (G.); kan.kar gravel, pebble (M.)(CDIAL 2820). garasu, garusu gravel (Ka.); karn.kallu gravel, hard sand (Tu.); garusu gravel (Te.)(DEDR 1260).{cf. carakkallu, caral gravel (Ma.); caral, caral., caral.ai gravel, laterite (Ta.); jari grit, granule, sand (Tu.); sra_mbu gravel (Kui)(DEDR 2354). cf. taricu pebbles; land lying waste or fallow (Ta.); tari granule, grit, sand (Ma.); tarasu uncultivated, fallow land (Ka.)(DEDR 3097).} s'arkara_ (usu. pl.) gravel, grit (AV.); s'arkara pebble (Skt.); sakkhara_ gravel, grit, potsherd (Pali); sand, gravel (Pkt.); sakkharilla gravelly (Pali); s'a_kra_ pl. small stones, flints (WPah.); xikar, xikaliya_ tartar on teeth (A.); sakira_ piece of gravel or grit, pebble (M.); sakara, sakuru, hakura, akura gravel, pebble, potsherd (Si.)(CDIAL 12337). s'arkara gravelly (Pa_n..); sa_kar gravel, broken brick (L.)(CDIAL 12408). Hard: kakkhat.a, khakkhat.a, kakkat.a solid, hard (Skt.); kakkhal.a rough, hard, cruel (Pali); kakkhad.a-, kakkhala rough (Pkt.); kaker.a_ hard (Ash.); k^eker (Kt.); kaker (Wg.); k^uku hard, tight (Pr.); khakara_na, kaker- hard (Dm.); kakar.a_, kaxer.a_, xagalo_ (Pas'.); kakar. (Wot..); khakar.a, kakar. (Gaw.); khaker.a (Sv.); kha~_kar hard, dry, shrunken, decayed (H.); kakul.u hard, rough, severe (Si.); ka_kr.a_ stiff leather, large or stiff wick (H.); ka_kad., ka_kat. of firm or solid make (M.)(CDIAL 2587). Hard; sharp: karkara hard, firm (Skt.); kakkarata_, kakkariya roughness, harshness (Pali); kakkara hard, firm (Pkt.); kan.gara ice (Tir.Pas'.); kan.gal, karan.g ice (Psht.)[cf. karai be reduced from solid to liquid form (Ta.); karg to melt (Ko.)(DEDR 1292)]; kakkar frost, raw thong (L.); frost (P.); kakru ice (WPah.); ka_kara, ka~_kara dew (Or.); kakru~ rough (G.)(CDIAL 2819). karkas'a rough, hard (MBh.); kakkasa rough, harsh (Pali); kakassa roughness (Pali); kakkasa rough, hard (Pkt.)(CDIAL 2822). khas harsh, rough (to touch)(B.); khaskhas (B.); harsh sound (H.); khasakhasia_ harsh, rough (Or.); khahat.a_ rough (A.); khasur^u gravel (K.); khahuro rough (S.); khasro rough, coarse, thick (N.)(CDIAL 3856).

1322.Image: spiral lines: cf. kan.go_re an ornamental cordon, groove etc.; spiral lines (Ka.M.)(Ka.lex.) Constantly turning: cf. gham.gho_ra constantly turning (Pkt.); ghan.g(h)olna_, ghan.ghorna_ to stir round (H.)(CDIAL 4404). kan.kan.a turning round (Ka.lex.) kun.j a corner; an embroidered work on the four corners of a shawl (P.lex.)

1323.Image; water-drop: kan.kan.a a water-drop (Ka.lex.) kan.apala_yi (kan.a + pala_yi) a peculiar plough-like arrangement used in buffalo-race for spurting the water to the maximum height (Tu.lex.) agin., agin.i, aggavan.i water; this term, together with its other forms, is used only by educated lin.gavantas, especially in their mat.has (Ka.lex.) cf. arghya a respectful offering of water (Skt.lex.)

1324.Fetching: kan.apini fetching [< kon.d.apini < kon.d.ubarpini; kon.da to bring (Tu.); kon.d.a_t.o fondling](Tu.lex.)

1325.Image; crest: kan.kan.a a crest (Ka.lex.) ka_n.gor cornice (Kon.lex.) kan.gura a parapet, a battlement, a turret; kan.gureda_r having a parapet (P.lex.)

1326.Tin foils used in decoration: kan.guri tin foils used in decoration (Tu.lex.)

1327.Image: side-glance: kan.gad.e, kan.gad.e, kan.kad.e a side-glance, a leer (Ka.lex.) cf. kan.gal.a, kan.ga_l.a a blind person (Ka.lex.)

1328.Image: eye-hollow: kan.-gun.ike, kan.kul.ike a corner of the eye; kun.ike a corner; a hollow, a cavity (Ka.lex.)

1329.Image: upside down:{Echo word} kan.kan.i, kan.kan.e adv. upside down; kan.kan.emalan.kan.e adv. upside down (Tu.lex.) kan.kan. turning round; bhraman.a, tiruguvudu (Ka.lex.)

1330.Image: water-drop: kan.kan.a a water-drop (Ka.lex.)

1331.Image: pot: ka_n.ku < kan.g (Chinese) large earthen pot (Ta.lex.) cf. gha_ghari a kind of waterpt (S.); ghagri earthen pitcher (Or.); gha_gar waterpot (M.)(CDIAL 4403). kan.gan.a a small plate; kan.gan.a palla_yi a flat earthen plate (Tu.lex.) kan.gghaln. to rinse (a vessel, cloth); khan.ghal rinsing a vessel (P.lex.) gan.gal.a, gan.ga_l.a a circular metal vessel for holding water (Ka.M.); a metal plate for eating from (Ka.lex.) Cleanse; rinse; image: to overflow: kha~kha_l.vu~ to wash vigorously; kha~khol.vu~ to rinse, rummage (G.); kha~khorvu~ to scatter; kha~khervu~ to shake off dust; kha~ga_l.vu~ to rinse the mouth in the morning (G.); kha~ga_l.n.e~ to shake about in water (M.); khokhalun to cleanse, be rinsed of water and shaken about (K.); khakoln.o to gargle (Ku.); khaka_lnu to rinse (N.); kha~ga_lna_, kha~g(h)a_rn.a_ to rinse (H.); kha~gha_ln.a_, gha~gha_ln.a_ to rinse (a vessel)(P.)(CDIAL 3762). [For -khalun cf. kar..uvu rinse (Ta.)(DEDR 1369); cf. cullu_ mouthful of water (H.); cula_ gargling (P.)(CDIAL 4875); For the prefix, kha~- and semant. of 'cleaning, purification' cf. kan.g brazier, fireplace (K.)(CDIAL 2999)]. cf. ks.al flow, wash (Skt.)(CDIAL 3664). *a_ghala overflow, refuse (Skt.); a_hla_ overflow, inundation (H.)(CDIAL 1055). a_gha_rayati sprinkles (Skt.)(CDIAL 1057). a_gha_rayati sprinkles (TS.); a_jigharti sprinkles with fat (RV.); a_gha_ran.u to rinse (S.); agha_lan. (L.); ha~gha_ln.a_, ha~ga_ln.a_ (P.); a_gha_l.n.e~, agha_l.n.e~, aghal.n.e~ to rinse by shaking in water (M.)(CDIAL 1058). akha_lan. to clear (a watercourse)(L.); a_salan.em. to flow (of tide), rises up (OM.)(CDIAL 1024). accho_d.e_i sprinkles, dashes about (Pkt.); a_sud.n.e~ to shake (the winnowing fan)(M.)(CDIAL 1033). kar..ivu waste, refuse, leavings, dross (Ta.Ma.); kal.ivu id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) kar..ippu what is rejected (Ma.); kar..alisu, kar..alcu to put aside, lose (Ka.)(DEDR 1356). To melt and mould as metal; to rinse, purify: kar..uvu to melt and mould, as metal (irumpar-a-k-kar..uvi)(Ci_vaka. 698); to wash, cleanse by washing, rinse, purify (kar..a_akka_l pal.l.iyul. vaittar-r-a_l : Kur-al., 840); to remove (aruvin-ai kar..u_u ma_ti mutalvan- : Man.i. 12,36); kar..uva_y purification, expiation from sin (Pur-ana_. 34,4); kar..uva_y-nilam green fields from which sods are taken (W.); kar..unar those who wash away dirt or sin (Ci_vaka. 2771); kar..uni_r water in which rice has been washed (Na_lat.i, 217)(Ta.lex.) ka_r..iya_n- washerman, dhoby (Ta.); kar..ukuka to wash, cleanse, wash off (Ma.); kar.t- (kayt-/kar.ty-) to wash (hands, face, child); kal.v- a.l bathroom (Ko.); kor. a purifier, in: kor. ot.- to purity (dairy) with dried buffalo dung (lit. to pour purifier)(To.); karcu, kaccu washing, water in which raw rice  has been washed; karcu to wash (Ka.); katt- (katti-) to wash (plate, hands); katt washing (Kod..); kacci to wash vessels (Kor.); kad.ugu, kad.gu, kad.uvu, kad.vu to wash, scrub, bathe, lave; n. water in which rice or anything has been washed (Te.); kahpa (kaht-) to lave, anoint, wash the face (Kui); gla_pinai to smear (Kuwi); xajjna_ to cleanse the head of, with the soapy clay called xajrna_ xajj (xajj earth, clay)(Kur.); kaje to wash as clothes (Malt.)(DEDR 1369).

1332.Image: brazier: kan.gr.i a small firepot used in Cashmere (P.lex.) cf. ka_gni a small fire (Skt.); kan.g brazier, fireplace (K.)(CDIAL 2999). ka_n.kai heat, feverishness, pyrexia (Ta.); ka_ka (Te.); ka_n.ke (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) cf. ka~_gur^u, ka~_g^ar portable brazier (K.); kan.gar portable large brazier (K.); ka~_gri_ small portable brazier (H.)(CDIAL 3006). a~ga_ri_ small hearth with embers in it (G.); an.ga_rika_, anga_rita_ portable fireplace (Skt.)(CDIAL 131). a~gt.i_ brazier (Konkan.i); agnis.t.ha fire-pan (A_pS'r.); an.gut.i smoke-hole (Dm.); agnis.t.ha_ that corner of the Yu_pa towards the fire (Pkt.); an.gut. fireplace, chimney (Phal.); a~gi_t.hi_ fireplace (S.); a~gi_t.ha_ stove (P.); a~gi_t.hi_, a~gi_t.t.hi_ small stove (P.); agt.hi hearth; get.he (WPah.); aget.ho portable fire-vessel (Ku.); a~get.hi (N.); a~n.gat.ha_ burning coal (A.); an.gat.ha_, an.get.ha_ fire-pan (Or.); a~get.ha_, a~get.hi_, a~gait.ha_ jeweller's fireplace (Bi.); a~gi_t.ha_ goldsmith's furnace; a~gi_t.hi_, a~get.hi_, a~get.i_ portable stove (H.); a~gi_t.hi_, a~get.hi_ (G.); a_m.gi_t.ha_ stove (OM.); a~gt.he~, a~gt.e~, a_gt.hi_, a_gt.i_, a_kt.i_ heap of kindled sticks (M.)(CDIAL 65). agnis.t.ha_ that corner of the sacrificial post which is nearest the fire (TS. v.i.3.4); agnis.t.hika_ fire-pan; agnis.t.ha fire-pan; agni-s'akat.i_ a vehicle carrying fire (A_pS'r.); agnis.t.ha placed near fire (S'Br. iii.7.2.4); in the As'vamedha sacrifice the eleventh yu_pa which is nearest the fire and to which the horse is tied; agny-aga_ra the place for keeping the sacred fire; agny-a_dhe_ya placing the fire on the sacrificial fireplace (AV. xi.7.8) (Vedic.lex.) akkin-it.t.i < agn.is.t.hika_ fire-pan, censer (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) aggit.ige, agit.ige, agis.t.ike, aggas.t.ige, aggit.aka, aggis.t.ake, aggis.t.i, aggis.t.ike, aggis.t.ige a potsherd used as a fire-pan or chafing dish, and also as a furnace; an.ga_radha_nike, an.ga_-s'akat.a, hasanti, hasani [The terms clearly appeard to be Tadbhavas of agni-is.t.ike] (Ka.lex.) akkin-i-t-ta_r..i earthen pot which holds the sacred domestic fire (Ta.lex.) an.garthai fireplace (Dm.)(CDIAL 129). an.ga_ra-dha_nike a portable fire-place; an.ga_ra-s'akat.i id. (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) aggit.t.ha_na fireplace (Skt.); a~_i~_te, an.ata~r (Wg.); en.gatai~ (Pas'.); a~_than (Shum.)(CDIAL 66). agnyaga_ra a house for keeping the sacred fire (S'Br.0; agnya_ga_ra (Ka_tyS'r.); agyaga_ra, agya_ga_ra house in which fire is kept (Pali); agiya_ri_ small fire-temple (G.); agya_ri_, ageri_ pit or house in which fire-worshippers keep their fire (M.)(CDIAL 67). a~ga_ri_ portable brazier (H.); an.ga_ri, an.ga_rita_ portable brazier (Skt.)(CDIAL 130). Image: charcoal-burner: yen.gur^u charcoal-burner (K.); i~gal., i~gl.a_ (M.); i~gl.o (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 125). an.garan, an.garani_ fireplace (Pas'.); an.ga_radha_ni_, an.ga_radha_nika_ portable stove (Skt.)(CDIAL 127). an.ggit.ha a large fire-place, receptacle for fire, a fire-stand; an.ggit.hi a small fire-place, a vessel for holding fire, a brazier, grate, hearth, chafing-dish, a chimney (P.lex.) a~gut.ea_, a~gut.e, a~gus.t.e a sort of brick-kiln; kiln (Kon.lex.) awa kiln; achia a fireplace opening for pot; it.hulak, ut.hulak a rude fireplace (Santali. lex.) Glowing charcoal: an.ga_ra glowing charcoal (RV.); an.ga_raka (Skt.); in.ga_la (Skt.); an.ga_ra charcoal (Pali); am.ga_ra, am.ga_raya, am.ga_la, am.ga_laya (Pkt.); angar charcoal; vana_r, yangar (Gypsy); an.a_ fire (Ash.); an.a (Kt.); an.a_ (Gmb.); anege (Pr.); an.gar (Dm.); na_r (Tir.Chilis Gau.K.Psht.); an.ga_r (Pas'.); a~_r (Shum.Pas'.); an.ga_r (Gaw.Kal.Kho.Bshk.); an.a_ (Tor.); aga_r (Mai.); an.go_r (Phal.); aga_r, haga_r (Sh.); an.aru charcoal (S.); an.ga_r (L.); an.gya_r, an.gya_ra_ (P.); a~gea_r (EP.); an.ga_ro~, pl. an.ga_ra~ (WPah.); an.a_r, d.an.a_r (Ku.); an.a_r (N.); a_n.ga_r, en.ga_r (A.); a_n.ga_r, a_n.ra_ (B.); an.ga_ra (Or.); a~garwa_h man who cuts sugar-cane into lengths for the mill = pakwa_h (Bi.); am.ga_ra (OMth.); a~gor (Mth.); a~ga_r, a~ga_ra_ (H.); a~ga_r, a~ga_ro (G.); a~ga_r (M.); an.gura (Si.); a_r, a~_i_ fire (Wg.); an.ari_k charcoal (Wg.); in.gha_l.a glowing embers (Pali); im.ga_ra, im.ga_la, im.ga_laya (Pkt.); yen.gur charcoal (K.)(CDIAL 125). an.alawat. fire stone (Ash.)(CDIAL 128). cf. an-al fire, heat (as of fever), glow (Ta.)(DEDR 327). kan.ku cinder, glowing coal (Ta.lex.) an.ga_raka charcoal (Skt.); an.ga_raka red like charcoal (Pali); Mars (Pali); am.ga_raya (Pkt.); an.a_ro Tuesday (S.)(CDIAL 126). an.ga_rya_ heap of embers (Skt.); an.ga_ri_ya fit for making charcoal (Skt.); an.ari_k, an.gric charcoal (Wg.); an.gerik black charcoal (Pas'.); a~gerik (Shum.); an.geri_ charcoal; an.geri_s.i black charcoal (Phal.); an.a_ri sparks (Ku.)(CDIAL 131). angis't charcoal (Pers.); anglis (OPruss.)(CDIAL 65). an.ga_ra, an.gara charcoal, either heated or not heated; in.gal.a, kol.l.i, ken.d.a (Ka.); ashes (Ka.M.); an.ga_raka a sectarial mark made with charred wood or ashes (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ingl.o, ingl.ea_ charcoal; kend., kend.a_ burning charcoal (Kon.lex.) an.ga_ra burning coal (S'Br. iii.9.3.26; S'Br. x.34.9); an.ga_ra_-vaks.ayan.a a pot in which burning coal is extinguished (Vedic.lex.) Sacred fire for protracted soma sacrifice: an.kit.t.o_mam < agni-s.t.o_ma variety of jyo_tis.t.o_ma which is the main type of so_ma sacrifice (Uttarara_. Tikku. 117); akkin-i-t.t.o_mam id. (Maccapu. Tat.a_ka. 26); an.kiyan.-kat.avul. Agni (Tol. Po. 142, Urai.); an.ki-y-a_ta_n-am initiatory ceremony of placing the sacred fire on the altar and consecrating it (Tirukka_l.at. Pu. 29,33); Images: fire; sun: an.ki < agni fire; Agni (Kantapu. Pa_yira. 53); sun (Tirukka_l.at. Pu. 30,14); akki < aggi (Pkt.) < agni (Skt.) fire (Tiruvil.ai. Caman.a. 38); god of fire (Civataru. Can-an-a. 51)(Ta.lex.) agnis.t.o_ma a protracted sacrifice extending over several days in spring (Ka.lex.) agnis.t.o_ma a protracted ceremony... the performer is a brahmin who maintains the sacred fire, the offering is the soma, the deities are Indra etc. and the number of priests required is 16; the ceremonies continue for five days. It is the chief modification of jyo_tis.t.o_ma (VS. xxvii.42)(Vedic.lex.) Image: oven: akul oven (Ta.)(T.E.D.) Fireplace: a_hula_, auhla_ second opening in a fireplace on which an extra pot can be placed (P.)(CDIAL 1075). ahia_, ahya_ a small fireplace improvised by digging in the ground (Or.); a_dadha_ti adds (fuel to fire)(RV.)(CDIAL 1167). a_dhi receptacle (BhP.); ahia_, ahya_ a small fireplace improvised by digging in the ground (Or.)(CDIAL 1167). a_gut.em, a_gut.ea_ furnace, kiln; a_vo, a_vea_ kiln-clay (Kon.lex.) cf. at.uppu oven (Ta.lex.) akaital to burn (Kalit. 139,26)(Ta.lex.) a_ra_na_ to warm oneself, to grow cool (Go.); a_r-ike, ar-ike state of growing or being dry or parched (Ka.); a_r-u to be extinguished, be cooled (Te.); a.rp- to make to dry (Kol.); arta'a_na_ to spread out in the sun for drying (Kur.)(DEDR 404). agnidha_na receptacle for the sacred fire (RV.); agya_n. tinderbox (WPah.); aghya_nu, agenu a fire for sitting round (N.)(CDIAL 60). aggia_ria_ fire-worship (Pkt.); agya_ri_ kindling the sacred fire (H.); ageri_ throwing ghee on the fire during ancestor-worship (M.)(CDIAL 58). aggika fire-worshipper (Pali); a_gnika belonging to the preparation of the sacred fire (Ka_tyS'r.)(CDIAL 57). agya_ri_, ageri_ pit or house in which fire-worshippers keep their fire (M.); agyaga_ra, agya_ga_ra house in which fire is kept (Pali); agiya_ri_ small fire-temple (G.)(CDIAL 67). akar.. to dig out (Ta.); akar..uka, akir..uka to dig out (Ma.); akir.., akar.. trenth, ditch, moat (Ma.); agad.ta id. (Te.); arxna_ to dig (Kur.); arge id. (Malt.); ad.g-, ar.g- to dig (Ga.)(DEDR 11). cf. khe_ya needing to be dug (Pa_n..); ditch (Skt.); xev f. hole, opening, window (Gypsy)(CDIAL 3923). akkarati_pam row of 51 lights set up as a votive offering in temples (Parata. Or..ipi. 42); akkara_latti 51 lights arranged in concentric circles in a circular metallic tray and waved in front of the main shrine as a special thanksgiving offering to the deity (Kur-r-a_. Tala. Civapu_cai. 48)(Ta.lex.) a_kuti < a_huti oblation offered in the consecrated fire (Tiruman. 214) (Ta.lex.) hu offers libation (Skt.); hunati id. (Skt.); hune sacrifices (MBh.)(CDIAL 14139). ho_tr.ka assistant of the ho_tr. priest (S'Br.); ho_traka (AitBr.); hottiya member of a sect of va_naprastha ascetics (Pkt.); wuto_, uto_ high priest (Kt.); wuta_, uto_ (Pr.)(CDIAL 14176). akka-ca_lai metal works (Cilap. 16,126, Urai); mint; akkaca_laiyar goldsmiths, jewellers (Ta.lex.) Image; sun: a_hal., a_hl.i_, ahl.i_ glare; a_hal.n.e~, ahal.n.e~ to be burnt by hot blasts (of sun or fire)(M.); a_bha_ light, flash, colour (MBh.); lustre, splendour (Pali.Pkt.); a_ha_ (Pkt.); a_he, a_hi_, ahi_, aha_i_ glow of fire, glare, blast of hot air (OM.); eb-ikana peeping (Si.) (CDIAL 1227). a_bha_ti shines towards (RV.); blazes (Pali)(CDIAL 1229). cf. arka flash, ray, sun (RV.); akka sun (Pali.Pkt.) (CDIAL 624). Image: sun: an.ki sun (Tirukka_l.at. Pu. 30,14); fire; agni (Kantapu. Pa_yira. 53); an.kicuma_li a deity representing the sun, one of the tuva_taca_tittar (Ta.lex.) axrna_ to warm oneself (by the fire, in the sun)(Kur.); awge to expose to the heat of the sun or fire; awgre to bask in the sun, warm oneself to a fire (Malt.)(DEDR 18).

1333.Image: comb: kan.ggha a large comb used by Sikhs; kan.ggha hon.a to be combed; kan.ggha wahun.a to dress with a comb, to comb; kan.gghi a small comb for men and a large comb for women (P.lex.) cf. ka~_gar. a weaver's instrument (G.); kan.ghi_ comb (L.)(CDIAL 2598). cf. kan.katam < kan.kata comb (Ta.); kan.kata (Ka.); kan.gadam (Ma.)(Ta.lex.)

1334.Image: squares: kan.gr.e the name of a game, in which boys draw lines with charcoal on stones in two different places (P.lex.) kan.ku row, regular order (Ira_mana_. A_ran.i. 14); shred, piece (W.)(Ta.lex.)

1335.Image: finger: kun.ike a finger (Ka.lex.)

1336.Image: kite: cf. kan.kam common kite (Iraku. Mi_t.ci. 48)(Ta.lex.)

1337.Image: waterfowl: kan.gra a young crow; kan.gre young crows (P.lex.) kan.kan.am a waterfowl (Ta.); kan.kan.amu (Te.); kam.ka (Ka.)(Ta.lex.)(DEDR 1083). cf. kan.ka heron (VS.)(CDIAL 2595). ka_ko_lam < ka_ko_la jungle crow, raven (Uri. Ni.)(Ta.lex.) Image: partridge: cf. kakkare partridge (Kol.); ka_kral id. (Pa.); kakra_nj, kakranj id. (Go.); karkara a gallinaceous bird (Skt.); kakkara jungle cock (Pali)(DEEDR 1078).

1338.Image: fish: kan.gghi a fish of the perch family, ambassis baculis (P.lex.) Image: large cowrie: gon.ga a large cowrie, shell (Tu.); gongo prawn (Kui); goskori shrimp (Kuwi)(DEDR 2036). kokkarai chank with spiral turning to the right (Ta.lex.) kocu prawn, lobster (Ma.)(DEDR 2044). gho_n.gha shell (Sus'r..); bivalve shell (Sus'r.); gho~gha_ snail, cockleshell (H.); ghogho periwinkle shell (S.); ghogha_ a small river shell (P.); cockleshell, snail (H.); gogal, gu_gal id. (H.)(CDIAL 4514). ga_n.gat. shrimp, prawn (L.) ga_n.gat.a (Skt.); ga~_gat.u (S.)(CDIAL 4109). ko_nto shrimp, prawn (Kond.a)(DEDR 2045). sunkat. bigger shrimp, a kind of crustacean; ga_lmbi a small shrimp (Kon.lex.)

1339.Image: coulter of the plough: kan.ggi the coulter of a plough (both the iron point and the piece of wood to which it is attached) (P.lex.)

1340.Saffron: ka~ku~ saffron (G.); cancanum (Pliny.Gk.)(CDIAL 3214). ka~kotri_ invitation to a marriage party (conveyed in a letter dyed red)(G.)(CDIAL 3215). kun.kumam saffron, bulbous-rooted plant, crocus sativus (M.M. 775); a kind of red paint (Kalla_. 17,34); saffron powder worn on the forehead (Ta.lex.) kun.kuma saffron, crocus sativus (Sus'r.Pali); kum.kuma (Pkt.); kon.g (K.); kun.gu_ a bright red dye used for marking forehead (L.); kun.gu_ red paste for the forehead, saffron (P.); ku~ku~ turmeric (G.); ku~ku~_ saffron (M.); kokum, kokun. (Si.)(CDIAL 3214).

1341.Image: dance: kan.gilo a kind of dance among a_didra_vid.as (Tu.lex.)

1342.Bracelet: kan.kan.a bracelet (MBh.); kan.kan.i_ ornament with bells (Skt.); kan.kana bracelet (Pali); kam.kan.a (Pkt.); kangun (K.); kangan.u (S.); kangin.i_ bracelet (S.); kangan. (L.P.); kangun. (L.); kangan (P.H.); kangna_ (H.N.); ka~gna_ (Bi.); ka~gni_ (Bi.); kanna_ (Bhoj.); kangn.i_ (M.); kankan. (WPah.); kankn.o~ (WPah.); ka~_kan (B.); ka~_kan. (G.M.); ka~kna_ (Bi.); kakana_ (Aw.); kakna_ (H.)(CDIAL 2597). kan.kan.am bangle, bracelet, wristlet (Tiruva_ca. 9,19)(Ta.lex.) Tinkles: {Echo word}: kan.kan.a (-pp-, -tt-) to sound, rattle, jingle, tinkle; kankan.-en-al tintinnabulation, tinkling as of bells (Ta.); kan.a an imitative sound; kan.akan.a the ringing sound of unbroken earthen or metal vessels, bells, etc., when struck with knuckles; gan.a, gan.agan.a, gan.al, gan.il imitative sound of the ringing of bells (Ka.); gan.ilu tinkling; gan.an.n.u a tinkling sound (Tu.); gan.agan.a the ringing of tinkling of bells (Te.)(DEDR 1162). ghan.iya thunder; ghan.ghan.a_iya indistinct noise (Pkt.); ghanghan jingle (Mth.); ghanghana_na_ to jingle (H.); ghan.ghan., ghan.a_n. tinkling (G.); ghan.ghan.n.e~ to ring, clang; ghan.a_n.a_ with a loud clang (M.)(CDIAL 4425). khan.akhan.a_yate_ cracks, tinkles (BhP.); khan.at, khan.i_kr.ta (Skt.); khan.khan.ai tinkles (Pkt.); khan.a_n.ne~ to clank (M.); khan.a_n. loud clanking (M.); khan.akkhan.ai (Pkt.); khankhan jingle (N.); khankhana_unu to jingle (N.); khankhan ringing (B.); tinkling (H.); khan.khan. a sound produced in the nose when coughing (Or.); with a clang (M.); khankhana_na_ to tinkle (H.)(CDIAL 3791). khan.ko, khan.khanvu~ (G.); khan.khan.n.e~ to clang (M.)(CDIAL 3791).

1343.Bound by a religious vow; bracelet: kan.kan.a-baddha a man who has a kan.kan.a tied round his wrist for any good, favourable or happy rites; one who devotes himself to the accomplishment of any good or bad object; kan.kan.a, kan.kal.a an ornament of the wrist, a bracelet; a string or ribbon tied round the wrist; any ornament or trinket (Ka.lex.) [cf. kaccam agreement, binding (Ta.inscr.); kaccan.kam id. (Tiv. Na_yc. 5,8)(Ta.lex.)] kan.kan.an.-kat.t.u-tal to make a vow to accomplish something, by tying a cord round one's wrist; to be pertinacious in the realization of an aim (Ta.lex.) kan.ggan.a a parti-coloured thread tied round the wrist of a bridegroom or a bride; a Hindu marriage rite, the bridegroom unties the kan.ggan.a of the bride and vice versa; kan.ggan. an ornament worn on the wrists by men and women; gold or silver bracelet; hatth de kan.ggan. nun. arsi ki to see the bracelet on your arm you require no looking-glass (P.lex.) kan.ggan.i, kan.ggun.i, kan.ggn.i a small ornament (especially of iron) worn on the wrist by men and women (P.lex.) cf. kan.kan.am < kan.kan.a a string tied with a piece of turmeric to the right wrist of the bridegroom and the left wrist of the bride at the commencement of the wedding ceremonies, also round the arm of such as bind themselves by a religious vow; bangle, bracelet, wristlet (Tiruva_ca. 9,19)(Ta.lex.) cf. kan.kan.a bracelet (MBh.)(CDIAL 2597).

1344.Supervisor: kankut, kankut. appraising the produce of a field; kan.oi an officer appointed by Government to value a crop (P.lex.) kan.ga_n.u, kan.ga_n. to perceive with the eyes (in opposition to mentally)(Ka.lex.) khan. < khan (Pers.) a title among the Mohammedans and especially of nobles and of those of Pathan or Rajput descent; a common adjunct to Pathan or Afghan names; khan. bahadar a title of honour conferred upon Mohammedans, men of respectability and faithful service, by the British Government (P.lex.) cf. kan.ka_n.i supervisor (s'ri_-ma_he_cuvara-kan.ka_n.i : S.I.I. iii,43); kan.ka_n.i overseer, supervisor, superintendent (Cir-upa. 40); inspector of crops, measurer of grain on a village establishment; supervisor of coolies in plantations; supervision (T.A.S. i,163); kan.ka_n.ittal to oversee, supervise, superintend (Ta.insc.); id. (Ma.); kan.ka_n.am supervision (Tiruva_lava_. Na_t.t.uc. 4); watch kept over fields or produce on behalf of the landlord; permission granted by a landlord to his tenant to harvest his crop; fee paid in kind for watching the sheaves or grain (Ta.lex.) cf. kachan.u to measure (S.); ka_chu land-measurer (S.)(CDIAL 2617). For semant. 'superision of plantations' cf.: ka_ garden, forest, pleasure-grove (Ta.); ka_n- jungle; ka_l forest; ka_n-am woodland, grove, forest tract, flower-garden; ka_n-akam jungle; ka_n-al grove or forest on seashore, forest on slope of a hill; ka_van.am garden, tope, grove; ka_vam forest (Ta.); ka_nam, ka_nakam jungle; ka_nal very dry jungle (Ma.); ka_ forest; ka_nu id. (Ka.); ka_na forest, jungle, wood (Tu.); forest (Te.)(DEDR 1418). cf. ka_nana forest (Skt.)(CDIAL 3028). cf. kaman, khamna forest (Go.); kaman forest (Pe.); kambare uncultivated ground (Malt.)(DEDR 1228).

1345.The plain; image: embankment: cf. kan.ku ridge to retain water in paddy fields, dam (Ta.); kag deep pool in river (Ko.)(DEDR 1085). a~_khn.e~, a~_kn.e~, a~kn.e~ sloping divisions of a flat earth roof for water to roll off (M.)(CDIAL 102). Plain of high land: ahra_, ahri_, a_har long embankment thrown round a plain of high land in which rice is grown, the plain itself (Bi.); a_ro embankment, quay (G.)(CDIAL 1165). a_ira_, aira_ embankment made to hold up rain (P.)(CDIAL 1000). Sandhill: ekka sand cast ashore by rivers (Ma.); ekkar, ekkal sandy place, sand heaped up (as by the waves), sandhill (Ta.); ekkali sand washed down by a river (Te.); ekku to be heaped up (as sand on the shore)(Ta.)(DEDR 770). Image: land divided into beds: accu ridge in a field (Ta.); accu-k-kat.t.u (-k-kat.t.i-) to form a ridge around a field (Ta.); field with ridges, land divided into beds to admit and retain water for the cultivation of paddy (Ta.); accu kat.t.u se_yu to make a ridge along the boundary (Te.Inscr.)(DEDR 49). aks.a strength, strong support (Ka.lex.) acca, accu, accukat.t.u, accakat.t.u a well-defined or proper boundary or proportion; suitable order (Ka.lex.) Image: division crosswise: gan.d. a cross, ridge, or embankment, a division crosswise; gan.d.e to place at right angles to something else, cross, transverse; gan.d. gan.d. id. (Santali.lex.) ad.d.amu cross-wise (Te.lex.)

1346.Millet: kan.ggan. Italian millet, pennisetum italicum; kan.ggan. sajji a plant from which sajji, an impure mass of various potash and soda salts is made (P.); kan.gar. dry useless jawar stalk with a white rib on the leaves; kan.ki straw of wheat (P.lex.) kan.ku-ro_kam small blisters on the skin, resembling grains of millet (Ci_varat. 144)(Ta.lex.) kan.h a stalk, a reed, a kind of plant, saccharum spontaneum found only in the marshy portions of lands adjoining the rivers (P.lex.) kan.ggan.i, kan.ggun.i, kan.ggn.i a kind of grain, millet, pennisetum italicum; an aromatic bitter seed, celastrus paniculata held in much repute for diseases of the stomach and bowels; kan.ak kamadi san.ghn.i; t.awin. t.awin. kan.ggan.i sow wheat and sugarcane close together, but kan.ggan.i scatterd (P.lex.) cf. ka~_g, ka~_gu_ millet, panicum italicum (M.)(CDIAL 2605). cf. kan.ki an ear of jo_l.a or sejje, th grains of which have been removed (Ka.); an ear or head of corn (Te.)(DEDR 1084). cf. kan.ku black Italian millet, panicum indicum (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) cf. ka~_gn.el oil made from the millet panicum italicum (M.)(CDIAL 2608). cf. ka~_gar.u holcus saccharatus, stubble; ka~_gir.i_ wheat stalk, seed of abrus precatorius (S.); ka_n.guka a kind of corn (Sus'r.)(CDIAL 3000). kan.ki, kan.ku an ear of jo_l.a or sejje (also of some other corn) the grains of which have been removed (Ka.Te.)(sun.kiganu, hurihalu, bin.kina beleven.d.u, kan.kiya, sun.ka, nasugunni i_ a_r-u sun.kidare bid.avu: (1) a collector of customs, (2) parched corn or pulse mixed with salt etc., (3) pompous prostitute, (4) ear of jo_l.a, (5) toll or customs, (6) a plant stinging like nettles, cowhage, carpopogon pruriens; these six will not leave once touched. (Sarvajapada: loc. cit. Ka.lex.) Millet: *an.gu embedded in: priyan.gu panicum italicum (VS.); sinapis ramosa (MBh.); priyan.guka_ panicum italicum (Sa_mavBr.); piyan.gu a panic seed, a medicinal plant (Pali); piam.gu millet, a partic. kind of tree ( = piama_-)(Pkt.); pinga panicum italicum (K.); pi~gvi_, pi~gi_ heart-pea, cardiospermum halicaccabum; pi~gve~, pi~ge~ its seed (M.); piyangu millet; puvan.gu the plant sinapis nigra (Si.); puvan.gu, pavan.ga the lofty tree myristica horsfieldia (Si.)(CDIAL 8976). pi~vel, pi~gel oil made from the seed of cardiospermum halicacabum or heart-pea (M.)(CDIAL 8978). Image: sprout: an.kuram sprout (Periyapu. Tiruja_. 53)(Ta.lex.) akaital to flourish (Maturaik. 92); to sprout (Kalit. 74); akaittal to sprout (Pur-ana_. 159); to proceed at intervals (Tol. Po. 541, Urai.); to raise (Ta.lex.) Sprout; seedling: aka germ, bud, shoot (Ma.); age seedling, sprout (Ka.); akai to sprout, flourish (Ta.); age paddy seedling (Kod.); akhua_ seed-bud, sprout, shoot (Kur.); agge the shoot of a branch (Tu.); akra_rna_ to germinate, shoot, sprout (Kur.)(DEDR 15). Yield a harvest: qe to ripen, become mature (Malt.); aiyali (at-) to yield crops (Kuwi); a_ga (a_gi-) to bear fruit, yield a harvest (Kui); a_itta_na_ to ripen (of makka, juar, gram); aitta_na_ to ripen (of corn); aiya_na_ to be ripe; caus. aisahta_na_ (Go.)(DEDR 339). Ripening: agga_nde in future (L.); aga_t, aga~_t adv. early (of sowing or ripening); aga_t the early grains (M.)(CDIAL 89). a_kkam prosperity, creation (Ta.); a_ka being, so as to be (Ma.); agu, avu (ayi having become; allomorph ka_-) to be, become (Te.)(DEDR 333). an.kura sprout (Skt.); an.kura (Pa.); am.kura (Pkt.); a~_kuro (N.); a~_kur (B.Mth.); a~kura_ (H.); a~_ku_r tender spike of a tree (M.); a_n.kuriba_ to cut off ears of ripe rice (Or.); akura, akara sprout, tumour (Si.)(CDIAL 109). a~gu_ru sprout (S.); a~ku_r, a~ku_ra_ (H.); an.guri_ blade of corn when it first appears (L.)(CDIAL 112). cf. aks.a eye; akhulo joint of sugarcane (Ku.); a~_kh sprout in the joint of sugar-cane (H.)(CDIAL 23). a~ghu sprout (S.)(CDIAL 111). a_khu sugar-cane (B.Or.); a_k sugar-cane sprout (H.)(CDIAL 46). un.garna_ to sprout (P.); un.garan. (L.); a~gurn.o (Ku.); a~kural (Bhoj.); a~kurn.e~ (M.)(CDIAl 110). cf. Bhoj. form concordant with: kural corn-ear, spike, stalk, sheath of millet or plantain (Ta.); koral.u an ear of corn (Tu.)(DEDR 1775). korali Italian millet, setaria italica (M.M. 893); white Italian millet, panicum glaucum (M.M. 894); kural corn-ear, spike (Maturaik. 272); koralu id. (Tu.); kural stalk, sheath of millet or plantain (Pur-ana_. 168,6); Italian millet (Ta.); korra id. (Te.); koral.e id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) kan.ki, kan.ku an ear of jo_l.a or sejje, the grains of which have been removed (Ka.); kan.ki an ear or head of corn (Te.)(DEDR 1084). jeki, jiki the small stalk on which a grain of paddy hangs (Pe.); jakehin id. (Mand..); re_ga id. (?Kui); je_ka head of rice (Kuwi); jengu_ (pl. jekana) ear of paddy (Kuwi); je_ngu (pl. je_ka) head of rice (Kuwi)(DEDR 2750).

1347.Mushroom: kesavu mushroom (Ka.); qejo a kind of mushroom (Malt.); kacaka id. (Skt.)(DEDR 1935). ot mushroom; ot d.an.d.it stem of mushroom; chata head of mushroom; bin. ot poisonous mushroom (Santali.lex.) For chata cf. chatra, catra a parasol, an umbrella (Skt.Ka.); a mushroom (Ka.); chatraka mushroom (Ka.) (Ka.lex.)

1348.Image: male buffalo: ka_sara a male buffalo (Skt.Ka.); ka_sari a female buffalo (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ka_ca_ < ka_sara buffalo (Pin..)(Ta.lex.)

1349.Bronze: kam.sa_l.aka a male gold- or silver-smith (Ka.); kam.sa_lava_d.u (Te.)(Ka.lex.) ka~_ja_ adj. of metal (L.); ka_sa_ jar (L.); ka~_so bronze, pewter, white metal (N.); ka_m.sya made of bell-metal (Ka_tyS'r.); bell-metal (Ya_j.); cup of bell-metal (MBh.); ka_m.syaka bell-metal (Skt.); kam.sa bronze (Pali); kam.sa bell-metal, drinking vessel, cymbal (Pkt.); ka_sa id. (Pkt.); kas-kut. metal alloy (N.); ka~_h bell-metal (A.); ka~sa_ (Or.); ka~_sa_ (B.Bi.H.); base metal (Bhoj.); ka~_s bell-metal (Bhoj.); ka~su~ (G.); ka~_se~ (M.); ka~_s'e~ bronze (Konkan.i); kasa bell-metal (Si.); ka~_iha~_ bell-metal (L.); ka~_ssi~_, ka~_si~_ (P.); ka~_si_ (H.)(CDIAL 2987). kase_ra_ metal worker (L.); worker in pewter (P.Bi.H.); kasero maker of brass pots (N.)(CDIAL 2988). ka_m.syaka_ra worker in bell-metal or brass (Ya_j.com.); kam.saka_ra (Skt.); kasa_r maker of brass pots (N.); ka~ha_r worker in bell-metal (A.); ka~_sa_ri pewterer, brazier, coppersmith (B.); ka~sa_ri_ (Or.); kasa_ri_ maker of brass pots (H.); ka~sa_ro, kasa_ro coppersmith (G.); ka~_sa_r, ka_sa_r worker in white metal; ka_sa_rd.a_ contemptuous term for the worker in white metal (M.)(CDIAL 2989). kam.sabhan.d.a brass ware (Pali); ka_sa~_d.i_, ka_sa~d.i_ metal vessel of a partic. kind (M.)(CDIAL 2992). kam.sa metal cup (AV.); bell-metal (Skt.); bronze dish (Pali); kajho bell-metal (S.); ka~_h gong (A.); ka~sa_ big pot of bell-metal (Or.); ka_so (= ka~_so?) bell-metal tray for food, food (OMarw.); ka~_sa_ cymbals (G.); kenz^u clay or copper pot (K.)(CDIAL 2576). kasti_ra tin (Skt.); kathi_r tin, pewter (H.); pewter (G.); kathi_l, kathi_la_ tin, pewter (H.); kahti_l tin; kathle~ large tin vessel (M.)(CDIAL 2984). cf. kacam bell-metal; cymbal; goglet, drinking vessel (Ta.lex.) kaciyam a minor mineral < ka_m.sya (Ta.lex.) Bell-metal: kacam bell-metal, drinking vessel (Ta.); kacaka_ran brazier (Ta.); koc brass (To.); kocxo.rn man who makes brass vessels, clever worker (To.); kacu, kaca white copper or brass, bell-metal (Ka.); a vessel made of bell-metal etc.(Ka.); kacaga_r-a brazier, coppersmith (Ka.); kaci, kacu bell-metal (Tu.); kaciga_re brazier (Tu.); kancu bell-metal, bronze; kancara bell-metal work (Te.); kanz.u (z. = c) bell-metal, bronze (Kuwi); kam.sa bell-metal, brass, white copper; vessel made of metal (Skt.)(DBIA 67). ka_n.keyam gold; ka_n.keya-t-tor..ir- kammiyar (Iraku. Tikku. 189)(Ta.lex.) Copper work; brazier: kan- copper work, copper; kan-n-a_n- brazier (Ta.); bell-metal worker, one of the divisions of the Kamma_l.a caste (Ta.lex.) kanna_n id. (Ma.)(DEDR 1402). kan- workmanship (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 5,8,3); kan-mam (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 6,2,7); karumam (Ta.lex.) kan-mi labourer (Pa_rata. Tiraupati ma_lai. 64); one who duly performs religious rites (Tiruman. 536); official (S.I.I. iii,135); kan- stone; kan-me_ler..uttu inscription on a stone, expressive of that which is stable and enduring (Va_kkun.. 2)(Ta.lex.) karumam action, work, deed; business, profession, occupation (Kur-al., 266); religious rites; duties that are enjoined by the S'a_stras; moral duty, specific obligation (Te_va_. 897, 10); karuman, karumakan-, karuma_n- blacksmith (Ta.); karuma_n id. (Ma.); karuma-vinaian- one who officiates as priest in conducting the religious rites and ceremonies performed by the householder (Cilap. 26,40)(Ta.lex.)

1350.Vitriol: ka_cam blue vitrol (Ta.lex.) ka_si_sa green vitriol (Sus'r.); ka_s'i_s'a (Skt.); kasis green sulphate of iron, copperas (N.); ka_si_sa (Or.); kasi_s blue or green vitriol (H.); ka_hi_ (H.); hira_-kas, hira_-kas'i_ green vitriol, copperas (M.); kahijan.u to become coated with verdigris (S.)(CDIAL 3140).

1351.Treasurer: gajavara treasurer (Skt.); gam.navara (NiDoc.)(CDIAL 3963). ka_ca_n.a, ka_cana wealth (Ka.lex.) kacan-a_ < khaza_na_ (U.) treasury (W.)(Ta.lex.) Treasury: gaja grainstore; treasury (Skt.); gamni-dramga treasure house (Dardic); gonj storeroom (Kho.)(CDIAL 3961). Store; treasury: gra_hy to be seized (RV.); gajjha, gejjha (Pkt.); gajjha_ store, heap, plenty, wealth (H.)(CDIAL 4385). khaza_ci treasurer (U.); khaza_na_ treasury, public treasury (U.); kaca_na_, kaja_na_ treasury, public treasury (Ta.); kaca_n-ci, kaja_nji treasurer, cashier (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) gaja, gaje a store-room, a treasury; a mine; a tavern (Ka.lex.) Treasury: khaja_ne, kaja_ni, khaji_ne a treasury; treasure (Ka.); khaja_na_, khaji_na_ (M.H.); khaja_ci a treasurer, a cash-keeper (Ka.Te.H.)(Ka.lex.)

1352.Gold: kasavaram kad.avara gold; kad.avara a treasure (Ka.lex.)

1353.Image: god of hunting: kaca-wir the god of hunting (Kal.) (CDIAL 3113). ka_cala de_vi a deity; ka_calu name of a village (Ka.lex.) kacca_lai a S'iva shrine in Conjeevaram (Tan.t.i. 95,13, Urai.) Image: offering to a ferocious deity: ka_yppu produce of a tree, crop of fruit or grain (Ta.); ka_pu (Te.); ka_ypu (Ma.); ka_yppu-maram, ka_ymaram fruit-bearing tree (Ta.); ka_ympan-ai fruit-bearing palmyra (J.); ka_ympa_l.ai flower calyx of the fruit-bearing palmyra tree (W.); ka_y-mat.ai offering of fruits, commonly to a ferocious deity (J.); ka_ya_-maram barren tree (Pat.t.in-at. Tiruppa_. Tiruve_kam. Ma_. 21)(Ta.lex.) kasuvu, kasavu strength, power; the nutrimental principle as of soils (Ka.); kasa id. (M.)(Ka.lex.)

1354.Image: canopy: khajaka an awning, a canopy (Skt.Ka.); khajava id., candro_daya, vita_na, ullo_ca, me_lkat.t.u (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

1355.Image: man-like wooden idol: kashau a particular wooden idol formed like a man (Wg.); kas'yapa class of divine beings associated with Praja_pati; of semi-divine genii regulating the course of the sun (AV.); name of a mythical r.s.i (VS.); kassava, ka_sava name of a family of r.s.i-s (Pkt.)(CDIAL 2969). gan.d.au, gan.d.a_l ancestor image (Kal.)(CDIAL 3998). kaccu-c-ca_ttutal to tie with bands of tape an idol to its va_kan-am or a va_kan-am to its poles, for a procession (W.); kaccai broad tape; kaccai-kat.t.utal to gird up one's loins, solemnly determine to do a thing (Kur-r-a_. Kur-a.)(Ta.lex.)

1356.Earth: ka_s'yapi the earth (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) ka_cin-i < ka_s'ini_ earth (Pu. Ve. 9,42, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) kas'yapa name of a r.s.i, the husband of Aditi and Diti, and thus the father both of gods and demons; he is often called Praja_pati; ka_s'yapa a god; a demon; ka_s'yape_ya Garud.a; gods and demons; ka_rs.n.i an epithet of the god of love (Skt.lex.) ka_cipan- a r.s.i said to be the father of de_vas by Aditi, and of asuras by Diti (Val.l.uvama_. 14)(Ta.lex.) kas'yapa name of a r.s.i, a descendant of Mari_ci, and the husband of Aditi and twelve other daughters of Daks.a; kas'yapa-nandana Garud.a; kasava, kasama a proper name; kasama-maci (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ke_carar < khe_-cara lit., those who move in the aerial regions; Vidhya_dharas, a class of demigods (Pa_rata. Kurukula. 104)(Ta.lex.) ke_s'avan- < ke_s'a-va Vis.n.u (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 2,7,1); Cho_la king; ke_s'avar-ku-t-to_r..an- lit. the friend of Kr.s.n.a, Arjuna (Cu_t.a_.)(Ta.lex.)

1357.Image: scorpion, crab: kaca kupi scorpion (kupi crab)(Pe.Kuwi); kaca kupe id. (Mand..); kasa a bite, sting (Kui)(DEDR 1097). kaccu, karcu to bite; to sting; to smart, to gripe, to ache; kacca_t.a mutual biting; kaccu biting; an incision (Ka.lex.) Scorpion: kharju_raka scorpion (Skt.); khajuro centipede (N.); khajria_ (Or.); khaju_ra_ (H.); khajura_ twisted (of thread)(H.)(CDIAL 3829). Bite: kaccu (kacci-) to bite, gnaw, nibble (nursery)(Ta.); koc to bite (To.); kaccu, karcu to bite, sting (Ka.); qaswe to eat greedily, nip off with the teeth (Malt.)(DEDR 1097). kar-i to chew, eat by biting or nibbling (Ta.); kar-uvu (kar-uvi-) to nibble as a rat (Ta.); kar-ur.. bridle, bit (Ta.); kar-ampuka to nibble, gnaw (Ma.); kajepuni to chew, husk with the teeth or beak (Tu.); kar-acu to bite, gnaw (Te.)(DEDR 1390). kaccuni to bite (Tu.); kacc id. (Kol.Pa.); to sting (Pa.Ga.)(DEDR 1097). Itch: kajji, gajji scab, itch (Ka.); kajju itch (Ka.); kajji itch (Kod..); gajji itch, scab (Tu.Te.); kasi itching, desire (Te.); khaj itch (Nk.); kajra id. (Pa.); kajra ringworm (Go.); gajji, gajju itch (Go.); kusee id. (Go.); gazi id. (Kond.a); kasa the itch (Kui); khasra_ id. (Kur.)(DEDR 1104). Itch, measles: khasa itch, scab (Skt.); khahi, khahi_ itch (S.); khas'a (Or.); khas itch, scab (G.); kas itch, skin disease (Si.); khasu itch (Pkt.); khahu, khahuwa_ adj. (A.); khasu (B.); khassar itching (L.); khasra_ smallpox (P.); scab, measles (H.)(CDIAL 3854). kharju itching, scratching, scab (Skt.); khajju_ (Pkt.); khajju (Pali); xanj (Gypsy); khazu_ (Sh.Dardic); kha_ji (S.Ku.); kha_j (P.WPah.H.M.); khaj (G.); khajuri_, khujl.i_ itch, prickly heat (G.); khajuli_, khujli_ mange (H.); khujuri, khujul.i itch (Or.); khajjati is itchy (Pali); xanj (Gypsy); khazoiki to itch (Sh.Dardic); kha_oja_ to scratch (B.)(CDIAL 3827). kacchu_ itch, scab, cutaneous disease (Sus'r.); kacchu (Pali); kacchu_, kacchu (Pkt.); ka_chu (Or.); kas (Si.)(CDIAL 2621). kacchur affected with itch (Ka_s' on Pa_n..); kacchula (Skt.); kacchuria envious (Pkt.); ka_chura_ suffering from itch (Or.); kacchula attacked by itch; kacchulla (Pkt.)(CDIAL 2620). kiculaka earthworm (Skt.); ke~su, kesu earthworm (A.); ke~cua_, ke~co, ke~cui (B.); kecu, kecua_ earthworm, tape-worm (Or.); ke~cua_ earthworm (H.)(CDIAL 3459).

1358.Oil-presser: {Echo word} gham.ciya oil-presser (Pkt.); gha~_ci_, gha~_cen. (G.)(CDIAL 4405). gham.ciya oil-presser (Pkt.); gha~_ci_, gha~_cen. (G.)(CDIAL 4405). cf. ga_n.iga an oil-miller (Ka.lex.) cf. kacca-vat.a-k-ka_ran- merchant, trader (W.); kacca-vat.am mixing up things (Ta.lex.) cf. khacra_ mixed, of mixed parentage; khaccar mule (H.)(CDIAL 3765). cf. kac-pac hotch-potch (H.); kacarvu~ to press (G.)(CDIAL 2611). Market gardener: ka_chi_ caste of market gardener (H.); kachiya_na_, kachwa_ra_ vegetable plot (H.)(CDIAL 2618). Trader in cosmetics: ka_cchika artisan who manufactures and trades in cosmetics, gandhayuktija, gandhayuktivid (Br.hatsam.hita_. LXXXVI. 41)(India as Seen in the Br.hatsam.hita_ of Vara_hamihira, p. 238). ka_chchi_ vegetable growers (Jambu_dvi_pa Prajapti, III, 43, pp. 193-194 ff.)(Jain.Skt.) Perfumer: ka_cchika = gandhayuktija perfumer; gandhayukti art of perfumery (Skt.) kacapa a leaf; kacapam a vessel for vegetables; kaccha-de_s'a name of a place in the South (Skt.lex.) Vegetable stimulants: ka_yam vegetable stimulants used in medicine (Tailava. Taila. 135)(Ta.lex.) The ain.ka_yam or five stimulants are : kat.uku, o_mam, ventayam, ul.l.i, perun.ka_yam (Ta.lex.) Vegetable merchant: ka_s prairie (M.); ka_s lawn (G.); ka_sa coppice (Si.); cf. ka_chiyo vegetable merchant (G.); ka_chi_ gardener (H.); kaccha lawn (Pkt.); kaks.a, kaccha herb, prairie, marshland (Skt.)(Bloch, p. 315). gajani poor rice-lands (Ka.); kar..an-i mire; a paddy-field (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) Vegetable: ka_char a kind of coarse grass; ka_chiyo vegetable seller (G.); ka_s meadow for growing grass (M.); ksa thicket (Si.)(CDIAL 2589). kaciro vegetable remnants; kaciri_ dried slices of fruits or vegetables (S.)(CDIAL 2615). kha_jja_ victuals, food, eatables (P.lex.) kajipu curry, a side-dish (Tu.lex.)

1359.Rich man: kha_ja_ < khua_jah (Pers.) a gentleman, a rich or respectable man, a title of respect among Muhammadans; khua_jah khizar (Arabic) the name of a Muhummedan saint who is said to have been skilled in divination and have discovered the water of life. He is the patron saint of rivers and waters, and has a special care for travellers. He is represented as a venerable man, standing on a fish. He corresponds to the udhero or vadhero lall of the Hindus in sindh (P.lex.) Treasury: khaja_na_, khaja_nna_ < khaza_nah (Arabic) a treasury (P.lex.) khaa_no, kha_za_nea_, khaza_n, khaza_na_ treasury (of the state)(Kon.lex.) kajya a bag or metalic vessel in which pilgrims put their offerings; wicker-work used for storing rice; kacil a vow made to a demon (Tu.lex.) khajan.ci, khajanti a treasury (Santali.lex.) kaci a place name (ka_ci_puram)(Tu.lex.)

1360.Court-house: kachahiri_, kacha_ri_h < kutiashari_ (Skt.) a court, a court-house or office, cutchery, a court of justice, tribunal; bhari_ kachahiri_ wichch in an open court; kachahiri_ char.hn.a_ to bring an action, to go into court; kachahiri_ da_ kutta_ lit. an official dog, jacks in office (the ahalka_rs and constables are commonly so called)(P.lex.) kacari public office (chiefly the building)(Kon.lex.) kacchari_ court-house (S.); kacaihri_ (P.); kacahri (N.); ka_sa_ri (A.); ka_cha_ri (B.); kaceri_ (Or.); kacah^ari_ (Mth.); kacahari_ (H.); kaceri_ (G.M.)(CDIAL 3429). kacca_-vacu_l [ < kacca_ + (U.)] recovery of what has been embezzled; kacce_ri [ < kachahri (U.)] office for the transaction of any public business, an office of administration, revenue office, court-house; business proceeding in a public office; assembly, as for musical entertainments or other parties for play or pastime; kacce_ri-k-karai-va_cal public office (Ta.lex.)

1361.Image: placenta: kajelu, kajeli, gajelu placenta (Tu.lex.)

1362.Image: censer: kacan-ai censer (Ci_vaka. 2140)(Ta.lex.) kas- (-t-) to be lit (as fire), burn; kasis- (-t-) to light (lamp, fire) (Kond.a); kacay ki- to light (lamp)(Pe.); hiccu kahinomi we kindle fire (Kuwi)(DEDR 1090).

1363.Image: to print, press: kantsai, kontsai to press; print, e.g. in the mind; kantsoun.e, kantsoun.ea_ pression; inspiration (Kon.lex.) koclao to press close to; ghuc ghucao to press for payment; kocao to press in; caha~t. pressing; ucat. to bring pressure (Santali.lex.)

1364.Cake: khajji_, khaju_r < kharja_r (Skt.) a date, the date tree, the palm; a kind of sweetmeat made in the shape of a date; khaju_ri_ made of the date or of the palm leaf (P.lex.) kajja_yo eatables fried in ghee or oil usually sweet in taste; paca kajja_yo a sweet preparation made of the following five things: pulse, gingely seed, jaggery, cocoanut, honey (Tu.lex.) kam.sa_ra, kasa_ra, ka_sa_ra a kind of sweet (Pkt.); kasa_ru (S.); kasa_r a sweet of flour, sugar, ghee and spices given at parturition (P.); sweet of sugar and powdered fried rice given at marriage and investiture ceremonies (N.); a kind of sweet (B.H.); ka~sa_r, kansa_r, kasa_r a sweet of wheat flour and molasses (G.)(CDIAL 2578). kacori_ wheaten sweetmeat (S.); kacori_ cake of wheaten pastry (L.P.); wheaten sweetmeat (G.M.); kacauri cake of sugar and white flour (N.); kacuri wheaten pastry stuffed with pulse (B.Or.); kacauri_ (H.)(CDIAL 2614). karcari_ a medicinal substance (Bhpr.); karcarika_ a kind of pastry or cake (Skt.); karcu_t.ika_ a kind of pastry (Skt.); kaccara_ pickles made of dried melon fried with spices (Pkt.); kacri_ a kind of fruit or vegetable (P.); kacuri a kind of cake (B.); kacuri, kacori a cake made of pulse and flour (Or.) (CDIAL 2827). kajja_ya a kind of sweet rice-cake (Ka.); kacca_ya (Ta.); kha_je_m. (M.); karaci, karaji, karji, karci, karaci-ka_yi a small pancake folded and including el.l.u (sesame) and jaggery (Ka.M.)(Ka.lex.) Image: cone: ka_y a preparation in the form of a cone made of pulse mixed with treacle, one of the many important eatables exhibited on marriage occasions (Ta.lex.)

1365.To mix: kaca, kasa, kasara, gaji, kacapici the sound of mixing miscellaneous boiled things (as rice, vegetables, etc.) with the hand: confusion; kacapici kalasu to mingle boiled things in a confused manner; kacapicakelasa confused work (Ka.lex.) kaca kaca a sound produced as when kneading any glutinous substance (Tu.lex.) kujalam sour gruel (Skt.lex.) To mix; rice and lentils: kacapu a dish of boiled vegetables or fruits seasoned with salt, pepper, etc. (Ka.); kajapu, kajipu (Tu.); katipaya several, some (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ginjna_ to mix (Kur.); ginjye id.; ginjgro mixed (as food)(Malt.)(DEDR 1522). kiccad.i a kind of vegetable dish; kaccari a kind of sauce (Ka.lex.) kiccat.i a kind of rice gruel for sick people and children (Ta.); curry prepared with fresh curds, coconut and green chillis; a dainty made of rice and split pulse boiled together with ghee and spices (Ko_yilo. 31); kiceid.i (Te.); khicad.i (M.)(Ta.lex.) ka_yam pungency (Ta.Ma.); ka_yamu (Te.); ka_yam sliced vegetables for curry (Kur-un. 389); curry stuffs, condiments, seasoning (Kur-al., 253, Urai.); vegetable stimulants used in medicine; ain.ka_yam (Tailava. Taila. 135); ka_yamaruntu a medicinal preparation of vegetable stimulants given to a lying-in woman (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) kr.sara, kr.s'ara a dish of sesamum and grain, rice and peas and spices (Kaus'.); kr.sara (MBh.); kr.sara_ (Sus'r.); kisara sesamum with rice and milk, rice and lentils; kisara_ rice and lentils (Pkt.); kisi_ri rice and lentils (Sh.)(CDIAL 3456). Rice and lentils: khicca_ dish of rice and peas (Npr.); khicca (Pkt.); khicu dish of boiled millet (S.); khi_c rice and lentils (G.); khici_ mixture of vegetables with flour and pulse (M.); khecur^u dish of rice, peas and millet (K.); khiccar., khicr.i_ rice and lentils (P.); khicar.i_ (Ku.); khicro (N.); khicar.i_ (N.H.); khiciri_ (A.); khicar.i (B.); khicur.i_, khecar.i_ (Or.); khicr.i_ rice, peas and millet (H.); rice and lentils (G.); khic^ar.i_ vegetable pottage (Mth.); khicr.o jumble (G.); khicd.i_ rice and lentils, medley (M.); khicd.e~ mash for cows of bran and lentils (M.); khicd.i_ mash for cows, dish of rice and lentils or of boiled millet (M.)(CDIAL 3880). kur..ai-ttal to macerate, mash, reduce to pulp; to mix as powder with a liquid; kur..ai-tal to become soft, mashy, pulpy (Tiv. Periya_r... 3,1,3, Vya_.); kur..ayu (Ma.); kor..e (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) khesa_ri a kind of lentil (N.); the pulse lathyrus sativus (B.Or.); khesa_ri_ mixed crop of barley and peas (Bi.); a kind of grain (Mth.); lathyrus sativus (H.); khisa_ri_, kisa_ri_ id. (H.)(CDIAL 3925).

1366.Vegetable sellers: kucce curry (Kol.); cooked vegetables (Nk.); kucca vegetables, greens (Pa.); kuse, kucce vegetables (Ga.); kusri_ dal, i.e. cooked pulse; vegetable; kusir, kusri, kusir(i) cooked vegetable; kusor herbs, vegetables (Go.); kusa edible greens and vegetables (Kond.a); kuca vegetables, curry (Pe.Mand..); ku_sa edible leaves, greens, vegetables, herbs, addition to curry (Kui); kuca curry; kucca cooked vegetable (Kuwi); kuy seasoning with spices, spy seasoned curry (Ta.); ku_ra a vegetable, garden-stuff or curry-stuff (Te.)(DEDR 1760). kucam < ku-ja tree (Cu_t.a_.) (Ta.lex.) ku~jr.a_ caste of vegetable sellers (H.); ku~jr.o vegetable seller, gardener (G.); kuja place overgrown with plants or ceepers, arbour (MBh.); hollow, glen, dell (Pali)(CDIAL 3226). Sediment of oil: kus'ika sediment of oil (Skt.lex.) kojan.t.i refuse (as of fruits)(Ka.); kujan.t.i, kojan.t.i the refuse of vegetables from which the juice has been expressed (Tu.)(DEDR 2039). cf. kucakkur-avar the Kuravas who manufacture weaver's brushes from roots, and are employed as shikaris (E.T.)(Ta.lex.) cf. ki_rai greens, pot-herbs, vegetables (Ta.)(DEDR 1617). Perfume: ko_s'a-phala a kind of perfume (Ka. Skt.)(Ka.lex.) Dealer in flowers, fruits and roots: kusuma-phala-mu_la-va_rta dealer in flowers, fruits and roots; maulika dealer in roots (Skt.)

1367.Aloe-wood: ka_s.t.ham wood or timber, a piece of log of wood in general; ka_s.t.ha_ name of a wife of Kas'yapa and daughter of Daks.a; ka_s.t.hakam aloe-wood (Skt.lex.) kayat.e_rikam eagle wood; akil (Mu_. A.)(Ta.lex.) cf. kapat.e_rikam id. (Ta.lex.)

1368.Marshy land; to sink into mud: gacu mortar, plaster; gaci plastered with mortar (S.); gacc mud, mortar, cement (P.); gac noise made in walking through mud (H.); gacn.e~ to sink into mud (M.); gac. mud (Pahlavi); gec. (Pers.)(CDIAL 3954). kaccha marshy land, bank, shore (MBh.); marshy land (Pali); bank, shore, flooded forest, land near a river, garden to grow radishes etc. in (Pkt.); kacchara mud, morass (Pkt.); kac beside, near (Sh.); kaci adv. near; kacilo adj. (Sh.); ka_char., ka_chal river bank (P.); kacha_r hillside, foot of hill (N.); moist lowland by a river (H.); ka_cha_r. steep slope (B.); ka_ch low marshy land (Bi.)(CDIAL 2618). kacavara rubbish (Pali); kayavara, kaya_ra, kaccava_ra, kacchara, kassa mud (Pkt.)(CDIAL 2615). Semant. 'rubbish' cf.: kacat.u dirtiness, dregs; kacal rubbish heap, refuse (Ta.)(DEDR 1088). Moist: ka_u~da_ slightly moist (Or.)(CDIAL 3360). cf. a_rdra wet (RV.); adda wet, slippery (Pali); odur^u wet (K.)(CDIAL 1340). Mud: kical mud (Phal.); cical clay (Phal.); ki_c mud, dirt (Ku.); kica_, kicar. (B.); kicr.a_ha muddy (H.); ki_car., ki_c mud (G.); kicad. (M.); khaca dirty, bad (Dm.)(CDIAL 3153). kacar-kacar muddy (Or.); kacra_, kacla_ clay (H.)(CDIAL 2615). Mud: kwar mud (To.); kor manure, filth, mud (Ko.); kurai mire, mud, fine clay (Ma.)(DEDR 2123). kacan-ai dampness, moisture (Ta.); kacivu dampness (Ta.); kasavva wet, damp (Pkt.); kasi drizzling, fine rain (Ka.)(DEDR 1091). Saline soil: kal.ar saline soil; bog; kal.ari id. (Ta.lex.) [cf. kardama, karda, kardat.a mud (Skt.)(CDIAL 2867-70)].

1369.Fragrant resin; unguent: kas.a_ya a decoction with one part of a drug mixed with four, eight, or sixteen parts of water (the whole being boiled down until one quarter is left); plastering, smearing; anointing; perfuming the body with unguents; kas.a_yita yielding a resinous exudation, astringent (Skt.lex.) kas.a_ya fragrant (Skt.Ka.); an infusion, a decoction of medicinal herbs; exudation of a tree, as gum, resin, etc.; astringent, an astringent flavour (Ka.Skt.); kasa_ya, kasa_yi id. (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) kacai cement, paste (W.)(Ta.lex.) kacupicukkai being sticky, adhesive so as to stick to the hands or feet (W.)(Ta.lex.) kaca_yam decoction (Me_ruman. 543)(Ta.); kaca_yam (Pkt.)(Ta.lex.) kacar-pit.ittal to be soiled wit the juice of a vegetable; kayar astringency; astringent matter, as juices that taint metals, linen, skin; soft, spongy top ofa coconut (Ta.lex.) Crystal: ka_cam < ka_ca crystal; ka_calavan.am salt of potash or soda in crystalline state, one of paca-lavan.am; ka_cu gem, crystal bead (Ir-ai. 2, Urai. Pak. 29)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Image: manger, trough: gha_sa-don.i_ trough; godon.i manger (Pali)(Pali.lex.)

1370.Image: pincers: kacai-mur-ukki goldsmith's pincers; cf. kaca + ; kacai-val.aiyal bracelets made of braided gold wire; kacai-ve_lai braiding with gold wire (W.); kacai-vaitta-put.avai gold-fringed cloth (W.); kacitam < khacita setting, mounting with precious stones,inlaying (Ta.)(Ta.lex.)