4685.Image: line, row: da_ya a line, a row, sa_lu; a division, a partion; da_yavibha_ga partion or portioning of inheritance; a portion of inheritance (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

4686.Property; inheritance: dot, doti dowry (Kon.lex.) da_ytu~ property (esp. a field) given by father to the bride (G.)[X khet]; da_vdda dowry (Si.); da_ya_dya inheritance (Gr.S.); near relationship (MBh.); da_ya_da kinsman (MBh.); da_yajja inheritance, dowry (Pali); da_j dowry (L.P.WPah.); daijo (Ku.); da_ijo (N.); da_yaja (OAw.); da_ij, da_ija_, daija_ (H.)[like dahez < de_ya- X Per. jahez]; da_yajo (Marw.); da_yjo (G.); deiji_ whole-blooded kinsman (B.); da_ij, da_yaji_ one entitled to share in an inheritance, kinsman, ill-wisher, jealous person (B.); da_yco dowry (G.) (CDIAL 6290). da_yin giving (ChUp.); -da_yin, da_yika donor (Pali); da_i generous (Pkt.); da_i_ generous; donor (H.)(CDIAL 6291). da_ya a gift, a present (Ka.); a special gift, a nuptial present, that which a bride and bridegroom receive at their marriage (Ka.Skt.); da_ya a share, portion, propety to be divided, inheritance; property, wealth (Ka.); da_ya_da the receiver of a portion of heritage: an heir (Ka.); da_ya_dya inheritance; a son born from a rival wife or from a step-mother (Ka.); da_yiga (Tabhava of da_yaka a giver, donor; an heir, a kinsman) a cognate kinsman in a remote degree, one subsequent in right of inheritance to the sago_tra (Ka.); da_yi_ja (M.)(Ka.lex.) Patrimony; inheritance: ta_yam patrimony, inheritance, wealth of an ancestor capable of inheritance and partition; share; paternal relationship; gift, donation; excellence, superiority (Kokko_. 1,28); ta_yavitaippu seasonable sowing; ta_ya-tarumam law of inheritance, rule of partition; ta_yappati city or town got by inheritance (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 8,6,9); ta_ya-pa_kam [< da_ya + bha_ga] division of an estate among heirs; a treatise on the Hindu law of inheritance by Ji_mu_tava_kan-a; chapter of the law of inheritance in the Mita_ks.ara of Vije_s'vara, 12th cent.(Ta.lex.) da_ya share, portion (RV.); nuptial fee (Skt.); gift (Pali); da_a (Pkt.); da_ya (MBh.)(CDIAL 6288). ta_yakam support; shelter; place of refuge (Ta_yu. A_ka_ra. 11)(Ta.lex.) ta_ya_tittan-am deception, fraud, as practised among relations in regard to hereditary property; jealousy; ta_ya_tippat.t.am rule of succession in a zamin by which the senior member succeeds in preference to the sons of the last male holder (Madu.)(Ta.lex.) ta_ya_ti agnate < da_ya_da (Ta.lex.) a_ta_yam profit, gain, income (Kumare_. Cata. 9)(Ta.lex.) System of inheritance: maruma-k-kat.t.a_yam < marumakkal. + ta_yam the system of inheritance by which a man's sister's sons become heirs to his property instead of his sons (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) cf. datta given (RV.Pali.Pkt.)(CDIAL 6140). ta_yattavar agnates (Na_lat.i, 278)(Ta.lex.)

4687.Dowry: da_ya_dya inheritance (Gr.S.); da_yco dowry (G.); da_ytu~ property (esp. a field) given by her father to the bride (G.); da_ij, da_ija_, daija_, dahez dowry (H.); da_j, d.a_j dowry (L.); da_j (P.WPah.); daijo ()Ku.N.); da_yaja (OAw.); dahez (H.); jahez (Pers.); da_yajo (Marw.); da_yjo (G.)(CDIAL 6290). dehara_ livelihood (N.); de_hadha_ran.a living (MBh.)(CDIAL 6558). de_ya to be given, fit for a gift (AV.); gift (MBh.); deyya gift (Pali); deya-dharme religious gift (KharI.); dejja, dijja to be given (Pkt.); d.eju dowry (S.); deja_ (H.); dej gift made by bridegroom or his party to the bride (G.); money given by the bridegroom to bride's father (M.); di_-dham (Si.);[cf. hyper-sanskritism in: stri_-dhanam (Skt.)]; deyya-dhamma (Pali)(CDIAL 6522). cf. aive_ci, aive_cu property, wealth, stock, capital (Ta.); aiwaz (U.)(Ta.lex.) dahej < dahez (Arabic) a bride's portion, dowry; dahejar. pertaining to a dower (P.lex.) cf. dekka_yi the betrothal badge (Tu.lex.) cf. ta_yittu, ta_yattu < ta_'it (U.) small gold or silver case worn on the person as amulet; cylindrical talisman (Ta.); ta_yitu (Te.)(Ta.lex.) cf. ta_yiti, ta_ti, ta_yata a small box or tube worn round the neck or arm, also tied to the waist-band, containing an amulet and occasionally small gold coins (Ka.); ta_yitu, ta_yete (Te.); ta_i_ta (M.H.)(Ka.lex.) tawi_t < ta_wiz (Arabic) an amulet, a charm (P.lex.) mantra_cen a_id article of charm, amulet (Kon.lex.) jaituk, jor.a jaituk presents given at marriage; jaituk a gift to a bride by her father; jor.a jaituk a pair of heifers given to a bride by her father; jaituk tok a pestle brought by a bride from her father's house (Santali.lex.)

4688.Image: brim: deg, dege brim (Kon.lex.)

4689.Cultivated moist land; water: toyyil cultivated moist land; toyyal mud (Ta.); to_y to dip, soak, dye, wash (Ta.); to_yuka to dip, soak (Ma.); to_, to_yu to become wet or moist, be dipped in; wet, moisten, dip, soak, steep; to_kul.i act of dipping, steeping (Ka.)(DEDR 3555). to_ya water (Mn.Pali.Pkt.); to_ (Si.)(CDIAL 5974). totani water basin (Si.)(CDIAL 5975). jo_ku to wash (Kor.); ho_k to wash, rub (Pe.); joh to wash clothes (Kui); co_shing to soak, steep; wash by rubbing, scrub (Br.)(DEDR 2872). jo_gu waterfall (Ka.); id., cataract (Tu.)(DEDR 2874). to_ya water; to_yada giving water; a cloud; to_yanidhi the ocean; toyisu, toyyisu, to_yisu, to_su to cause to become wet; to steep in water; toyisu to become wet or be drenched; toyyuvike becoming wet (Ka.lex.)

4690.Image: tall banner: ad.ha_l.a, d.ha_l.a tall banner (Ka.lex.) d.hal a shield, a buckler; d.halwa a plate, shield; khokro d.hal a targe of hide studded with brass nails; d.hal sikria an attendant who carries a sportsman's gun (Santali.lex.) d.ha_la, d.a_lu a shield (Ka.lex.) tala_yattu < dala_ith (U.) liveried attendant, peon (Ta.lex.) cf. d.ha_la shield (Skt.)(CDIAL 5583).

4691.Image: to pour out: d.a_ln.o to throw, pour, put in (Ku.); d.a_rab to throw (Mth.); d.a_rai throws, puts away (Mth.); d.a_lna_ to pour, put, scatter, destroy; caus. d.ala_na_, d.ala_u rubbish (H.); d.a_rn.a_ to throw (P.); d.a_rna_ = d.a_lna_ (H.)(CDIAL 5545). cf. d.halai falls, drips (Pkt.)(CDIAL 5581). a_d.hal.n.e~, ad.hal.n.e~ to fall in the way of, to meet (M.); od.^arun to mix up together (K.)(CDIAL 1105). cf. o_d.hal flood (Bshk.)(CDIAL 773). ud.ha_ran.u to gather up flour thrown out of a mill (S.); or.a_lnu to stir up rice (N.)(CDIAL 1698). cf. uddha_rayati raises (Skt.)(CDIAL 2009).

4692.Official: tal.ai officer or ut.aiya_r in certain districts (J.)(Ta.lex.) tal.aiyan- headman of certain castes, viz., mar-avan-, kuyavan-, ca_n-r-a_r (J.)(Ta.); [ut.aiya_n- master, lord (Ci. Po_. Avaiyat.akkam, Cir-.); ut.aiya_r village official in North and East Ceylon; lord, master; hon. pl. (S.I.I. ii,306); tal.ava_t.am tools, materials, requisites, tackle, furniture (Ta.Ma.)(Ta.lex.) udha_r loan (B.); udha_ra_ to borrow (B.); udha_riba to save (A.); udha_riba_ to deliver, borrow (Or.); udha_rna_ to save (H.); udharvu~ to be nourished, be debited (G.)(CDIAL 2009). cf. uddha_ra tax, debt (Pali); loan (Pkt.); udha_ra loan (S.); udha_r (L.P.WPah.Ku.N.); purchase on credit (Bi.); debt (Bhoj.H.); buying and selling on credit (M.); udha_ro credit on account (G.); dha_r loan (B.)(CDIAL 2018). dala_la a broker (M.H.); dala_li broker (Ka.); dala_li_ the business of a broker, brokerage; commission (M.H.); dalla_l.a (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) tala_li < dalla_li_ (U.) brokerage; dala_l < dalla_l (U.) broker (C.G.)(Ta.lex.) d.hal to obtain goods on credit in the name of another and keep them oneself; d.halkate hor.e idikeda he got dhan on credit by saying it was for another person whom he named; ine d.halkedina he obtained goods in my name (Santali.lex.) d.ha_l.a a clever fellow; d.ha_l.u cast, mould; way, style (Ka.); d.ha_l.a (M.)(Ka.lex.)

4693.Ready: taya_r < taiya_r (U.) readiness, preparedness (Ta.lex.) taya_ra, taya_ru prepared, made; ready, waiting to do (Ka.); taya_ra (M.H.); taya_ri readiness; preparation (Ka.); taya_ri_(H.M.)(Ka.lex.)

4694.Bald: tar-at.adale bald head (Ka.lex.) tar-ai (-v-, -nt-) to be or become bald; tat.t.ai baldness (Ta.); tarv- (tard-) (head) becomes bald (Ko.); tar-- (tar-0-) to become bald; tar-f- (tar-t-) to make bald, pluck (hair, fowl); tar- mad. bald head (To.); tar-at.a, tarat.a, tarat.u baldness; bald (Ka.); tart.e~ baldness (M.)(DEDR 3145). cad.ra, cad.ri bald; cad.ra, ced.e bald on the crown (Santali.lex.)

4695.A place of worship: daraga a mohammadan place of worship (Ka.); daraga_ (M.H.) (Ka.lex.) dargaha_, darga_h a court; royal presence; a muhammadan shrine, or the tomb of some reputed saint, an object of worship and pilgrimage (P.lex.)

4696.Uncultivated land: taricu land lying waste or fallow; pebbles, pieces of metal put into anklet for tinkling; taravai waste or uncultivated land; saline soil over-grown with weeds (Ta.lex.); tari grit, sand, rough uncultivated, unbroken lumps; tarutare_ rough, coarse; taris'u lying waste or fallow (Ma.); taraku, tarakalu, torasalu roughness of surface, unsmoothness, unevenness, grittiness, grit; daraku id., hoarseness; tarasu rough, uncultivated, fallow land; tari roughness, granule, grit; doragu rough, coarse (Te.); daruduru, doragu id. (Tu.)(DEDR 3097). cf. caracara to be rough of surface (Ta.); caralu small rounded pebbles (Ka.); jari grit, sand (Tu.); srogu a rough surface (Kui)(DEDR 2354). Dry: ta_r-uka to become thin, droop (Ma.); targ ar.- (at.-) to become lean (Ko.); to.x- (to.xy-) to become lean, slender (To.); ta_r-, ta_r-u to become dry, dry up, wither, wane, become emaciated; ta_r-ad.i state of becoming or being dry; ta_r-iga a dry, sapless man; tar-agu that which is dried or to be dried, dry, fallen or dead leaves, a cake fried in oil and dried; taral.u, tarl.u, tal.l.u, tar-al a ripe fruit that has become dry, esp. a coconut (Ka.); tarn.t.uni, tarun.t.u to shrivel; targod. leanness; sarn:god.e a slender man (Tu.); darla dried leaves (Kor.); ta_r-u, ta_ru to fall away in flesh, become lean, diminish, be reduced; tra_d.vad.u to become lean (Te.)(DEDR 3192). tar-u, ta_r-u to sink, decline, become thin (Ma.); ca_mpu to shrink, fade (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) tar-al.e, tar-ale, tarle the state of being dry, useless or vain; a useless business (Ka.lex.)

4697.Earth: tarai the earth (taraiyot.u tiritala nalitaru...calataran- : Te_va_. 568,2); soil, land, ground (Ko_yir-pu. Pataca. 43); tarai-p-par-r-u plains; taraiyar people on the earth, earthly beings (Marutu_. 98); tarai-va_ram owner's share of agricultural produce; tarai-k-ka_ran- owner of the land, distinct from: ceykai-k-ka_ran- (Ta.lex.) dhara_ the earth (Mn.Pkt.); dhar (G.); daraya (Si.)(CDIAL 6748). dharitri_ female carrier (VS.); the earth (BhP.); dharti_ the earth (S.); dharut bottom (L.); dhar^at the earth (P.); dharti_ the earth (P.Ku.H.G.M.OMarw.OAw.); dharti (N.); dharati (Or.); dahrti-palas' weeds (Kho.)(CDIAL 6750). dharan.i_ ground (MBh.Pali.Pkt.); darin (Bshk.); deri_n (Tor.); daharin. (Sv.); dharan., dahara_n. (Phal.); dran, dru^u low marshy ground near lakes (K.); dharne adv. on the ground, down (WPah.); dharani the earth (OAw.); dharan. (G.); deran.a (Si.)(CDIAL 6744). dha_njal earthquake (Pas'.)(CDIAL 6746). taram earth (Ta.); dhara_ earth (Skt.); tara_talam earth (Kampara_. Kat.iman.a. 47); tarai the earth (Te_va_. 568,2); soil, land, ground (Ko_yir-pu. Pataca. 43); tarai-k-ka_ran- owner of the land, dist. fr. ceykai-k-ka_ran-; tarai-p-par-r-u plains; tarai-va_ram owner's share of agricultural produce (J.); tarai-p-pan:ku id. (J.)(Ta.lex.) Lowlying land: tari marshy lowlying land (N.); taro slope made by landslip or torrent (N.); tari_ lowlying land (Bi.H.); tara_i_ id. (S.P.H.); tara_i id. (esp. that at the foot of Himalaya)(N.Or.); tarei pond (Or.); tariyani, tareni lowlying land, valley (N.); tarya_ni (Bi.); taraut. moisture, wetness (Ku.); talla_ lowlying ground (L.P.)(CDIAL 5697). ta_r land inside a tank, used for dry cultivation (Ta.lex.) tall floor (L.); tall ground, floor (WPah.); tala level, ground, surface, bottom (Pali.Pkt.); surface, flat roof (MBh.)(CDIAL 5731). dalahi, daldalahi, dalhi, har., thala, jarhi, jola a marsh; jhil shallow marsh; dola like a marsh (Santali.lex.) dhara_t.i earth heaped up for an embankment (B.)(CDIAL 6794).

4698.Image: layer of earth and stones; strewing: tharn.i_ layer of earth and stones (e.g. over a dam), act of laying it (M.); istan roof (Kho.); istara~, ista, sta coverlet, rug, bedding (Wg.); tharan.a in cmpds. strewing (Pali); staran.a act of strewing (S'rS.)(CDIAL 13686). tharvu~ to spread straw for storing corn on (G.); starati strews (MBh.); starate_ overthrows (RV.)(CDIAL 13687). cf. ca_ram scaffolding (Ta.)(DEDR 2463). is'teri_am 1 sg.put the roof on (Wg.); tha_rn.u to bury (WPah.)(CDIAL 13690). thaya spread out (Pkt.); thir.na_ to be driven asunder, be dispersed (P.)(CDIAL 13714). Flat slate: thar.o thick flat slate (Ku.)(CDIAL 13714). str.ttya to be strewn; to be overthrown (AitBr.)(CDIAL 13716). str.ti overthrowing (TS.); act of bestrewing (Skt.)(CDIAL 13715). ta_r-r-u (ta_r-r-i-) to sift, winnow; n. winnowing; ta_ttu (ta_tti-) to winnow; tar-i (-pp-, -tt-) to sift by a winnowing fan (Ta.); sa_runi, sa_riyuni to sift (Tu.); ta_l(u)cu to sift or separate larger particles from flour in a winnowing basket (Te.); dalngi ki- to winnow with a sideways motion (Pe.); dranzing, dra_zing to throw up in the air, winnow (Br.)(DEDR 3195).

4699.Image: nape of the neck: taravu nape of the neck (Ta.lex.) cf. car (obl. carr-, pl. cartil) neck (Pa.)(DEDR 2419).

4700.Giving; share: taru (ta_r-, imper. ta_; past. tant-) to give to 1st or 2nd person; to give as to equals (Tol. Col. 446); ta_-tal to grant, bestow; to serve (Maturaik. 535); ta_ id. (Ka.Ma.); ta_-tal to cause to get (Pur-ana_. 35,25); to acquire, gather (Tirikat.u. 47); to yield, bring forth, as trees (Ta.lex.); taruvi to cause to bring (Ta.); taruka, tarika (ta_r-, ta_; tann-) to give to 1st or 2nd person; taruvikka to cause to give (Ma.); takc- to make to give to 1st or 2nd person or to oneself (Ko.); ta.r- (ta-, ta.; tad--) to give to 1st or 2nd person (Ko.); to.r- (ta-, tas'-, to.; tod-) to give to 1st or 2nd person or reflexive (To.); Image: to lead or conduct near; to cause to bring: tar, ta_r (ta_; tand-) to lead or conduct near, bring; give; to give to 1st or 2nd person; tarisu, tarasu to cause to lead or conduct near, cause to bring; taru, taruvike, taruka bringing; taru, taruvike, taruha bringing (Ka.); tar- (ta.; tapp-, tand-) to give to 1st or 2nd person; tand an offer to marry a girl (Kod..); tarpa_vuni, tarpud.uni to cause to bring, send for, get, obtain (Tu.); teccu (te_-, te_r-) to bring, get, cause to produce, create; teppincu to send for, get down, obtain, procure; -tencu (-te_-, -te_r-) aux. with refl. meaning; to come (e.g. canu-dencu to come; canu-de~_ka, canu-de_raka not coming)(Te.); ko-ta, ko-tar imper. 2 sg. and 2 pl. of kor- to bring (Kol.); tar-, tatta_na_ (impv. tar.a_), ta-/tar- (tatt-) to bring (Go.); ta- (-t-;neg. te'-) id. (Kond.a); ta- (tat-) id. (Pe.); ta- id. (Mand..); tapa (tat-) id.; bringing (Kui); ta'- (tat-), ta_cali (ta_t-), ta'nai to bring (Kuwi); tining (tir-, neg. ti-, present e_t-, te_-, imper. e_te, past. tiss-) to give; tiss act of giving, generosity; hatining, hatiring, hataring, hating (neg. hati-, present hate_-, hatare_-, imper. hata, hatar, past. he_s-) to bring, give birth to, think of doing something, attempt, intend (Br.)(DEDR 3098). taina_ (taiyyas), te_yna_ (te_yyas) to send, carry newly married girl out of village (Kur.); teye to send (Malt.)(DEDR 3418). diru given (Kho.); to_mi, to_ri, ta_ pret. sg. given (Gypsy); dete (Tir.); di_t (Bshk.); dit (Tor.Mai.); dito (Phal.); dyut^u, ditto (K.); ditta_, d.itta_ (L.); ditta_ (P.); dittu_, dyitta_, ditta_ (WPah.); datt given (RV.); da_ta in: tva_-da_ta (RV.); datta given (Pali.Pkt.); dattika, dattiya given as a present (Pali); da_t liberality (H.); diya_ given; gift (H.); daya, da gave (OSi.); dita, ditaga, ditam.ti, dida, didae, didam.ti (NiDoc.); diyo (Ku.N.); diya_, de with (B.); dia_ given (Or.); dila, dila_ given, gift (B.); di_dhau (OH.); di_dhu~ (G.); di_dhala_ (OM.); pres. st. didhn.e~ (OM.); dinna given (Pali); dinnaka adopted (son)(Pali); dina, dim.na given (As'.); a-din.a = a-din.n.a (Dhp.); din.n.a- (din.n.aya- adopted son)(Pkt.); din, dino_, dinilo_, dilo_ (Gypsy); denim I gave (D..); d.ino (S.); di_nau, di_no_ (WPah.); di_nha, di_nh (OAw.); di_nau (Brj.); di_n, di_nha_ (OH.); dinhala_ (OM.); dine, dini (OSi.); dunu, dun, 1 sg. dinim I gave (Si.)(CDIAL 6140). da_ta given; da_ti in cmpds. 'giving' (RV.); da_tu share (RV.); s'atda_tu, sahsrada_tu hundredfold, thousandfold (Skt.)(CDIAL 6258). da_tra gift (RV.); da_t liberality (H.)(CDIAL 6259). Gift; debt: da_man gift (RV.); da_na giving, gift (RV.Pali.As'.); da_n.a (Pkt.OG.); dana (As'.NiDoc.KharI.); da~_ debt (Bashg.); da_n gift (esp. religious or charitable)(K.); gift, duty on goods for sale, cost of ferrying (N.); gift (Bhoj.); gift, alms, dowry (H.); d.a_n.u gift, charity (S.); da_n. (P.); charity (WPah.); dowry (WPah.); gift, alms (Ku.); road cess, transit duty (G.); dane (Si.); dan gift, alms (Si.)(CDIAL 6265). da_namaya consisting of liberality (Skt.Pali); danumuva_ (Si.)(CDIAL 6267). da_navant having gifts (RV.); da~_w debtor (Ash.)(CDIAL 6269). danva_t.a regular almsgiving (Si.); da_navat.t.a alms (Pali)(CDIAL 6270). da_nas'a_la hall of almsgiving (Skt.); da_nasa_la_ (Pali); da_n.asa_la_ (Pkt.); dansala almshouse (Si.)(CDIAL 6271). da_nin giving (BhP.); dni debtor (Wg.)(CDIAL 6272).

4701.Image: pupil of eye: ta_ra_ pupil of eye (Pali.Pkt.B.); ta_ri_ pupil of eye (Ku.)(CDIAL 5798). ta_ra, ta_rake, ta_rage the pupil of the eye (Ka.lex.) ta_ram eyesight (Cu_t.a_.); the mystic syllable, o_m (tiruman. 1405)(Ta.lex.) ta_rai apple of the eye, kan.man.i (Pin..); eye (Kampara_. Cat.a_yuvuyir. 103)(Ta.lex.)

4702.Image: apple of the eye: ta_rai < ta_ra_ apple of the eye (Pa_rata. Aruccun-an-r-ava. 38); eye (Kampara_. Cat.a_yuvuyir. 103); Ta_ra_ wife of Jupiter, one of paca-kan-n-iyar (Ka_cika. 15,17); star (Pin..)(Ta.lex.)

4703.Wife: da_ra_ pl. wife (Gr.S.); sg. (BhP.); da_rika_ girl; harlot (Skt.) [?da_ra_ = home]; da_ra, da_ra_ sg. or pl. a wife (Pali); puta-da_le son and wife (As'.); saputra-darasa gen. sg. with son and wife (KharI.); da_ra wife, woman (Pkt.); da_ra_ wife (A.B.); da_ra woman (OAw.); da_r wife (G.); da_rika_ girl (Pali); da_ria_ girl, harlot (Pkt.); da_ri bride (Gypsy); dari married (Kt.); dri (Pr.); dor^u child's doll (K.); da_ri_ female slave taken in war (P.); harlot (Or.); female slave, harlot (H.); dariya girl (Si.)(CDIAL 6293). da_raka boy, son, child (MBh.); boy (Pali); da_laka sohn (As'.); da_raga, da_raya boy (Pkt.); da_ri, da_re pl. boys, sons (Sh.); daruva_ son, child Si.); d.a_ri friend (Dm.); da_ri (Kal.)(CDIAL 6294). ga_mada_raka village boy (Pali); ga_ma_ra, gava_ra living in a small village, rustic, fool (Pkt.); gamma_r insolent ignorant fool (K.); ga_va_r, gava_r rustic (P.); gama_r rustic, uncouth (N.); go~wa_r obstinate (A.); goya~_r stubborn and ignorant (B.); gama_r, gua~_ra (Or.); gama_r rustic (Mth.); ga_wa_r villager (Bhoj.Aw.H.); gama_r, guma_r, gava_r boorish (G.); ga~va_r (M.)(CDIAL 4371). cf. ta_rai-va_rttal to make gifts by pouring water on the right hand of the donee (Aric. Pu. Cu_r..vi. 79)(Ta.lex.) ta_ram < da_ra wife (Tol. Po. 79); married state (W.); gemini, mithuna ra_ci (Can.. Aka.); ta_ra-parikkirakam < da_ra-parigraha wedding (Ta.lex.) daharaka, dahara young; daharika_ a young girl; dahara young; a young boy, youth, lad (Pali.lex.) da_ra, da_ra_ orig. 'wives, womenfolk'; female members of the household; Ger. frauenzimmer; Eng. womanhood; da_ra_ a young woman, esp. married woman, wife (Pali); da_ri_ maiden, young girl; parada_ra the wife of another; da_rika_ a young girl, daughter (Pali.lex.) dahra small (Skt.); dahram a little (TS.); dahara (ChUp.); younger brother (Skt.); daharaka short (of day)(S'a_n:khBr.); dabhra small (RV.); dahara small, delicate, young (Pali); dha_ra small, light (Pkt.); dha_ra_ short, shorter (M.); younger (M.)(CDIAL 6249).

4704.Price, value: da_ran.e rate, price, value (Tu.lex.) cf. dha_ran.e rate, market price (Te.); ta_ran.ai (Ta.); dha_ran.a (M.); da_ran.e, da_rn.e, dha_ran.e (Ka.lex.)

4705.Image: stream of a jet of water: da_re stream of a jet of water (Tu.lex.)

4706.Price paid for a wife; assessed lands: teran.t.u to make a gift of raiment to the bride and bridegroom at a wedding (Ka.lex.) dhorat., dhorat.i a premium on a loan of money or grain; the amount of premium given is generally one anna in the rupee (1/16), and is returned to the money lender, out of the amount given on loan, at the time the loan is made; mit t.aka eman.me, mit ana dhorat.in emama give me one rupee, I shall return you one anna as premium (Santali.lex.) cf. dravyam wealth (Skt.lex.) Marriage: ta_rika_-ta_n-am < da_rika_ giving away of a daughter in marriage; ta_rai-va_rttal to make gifts by pouring water on the right hand of the donee (Aric. Pu. Cu_r..vi. 79); to lose, as property; terat.i-campa_van-ai present given by a person to his son-in-law on the day of car festival (Ta.lex.) Bringing a girl for marriage: taru bringing; taru-val.i the act of bringing or taking home, as a girl for marriage; taruvike bringing; tarun.i a young owman, a girl from about sixteen years of age; a girl; tarun.isu youth, juvenility; tarun.a, tarala young, tender, juvelinile; new, fresh; a young man, one of the virile age; tad.d.u, tarad.u, torad.u a testicle (Ka.lex.) da_re wedding ceremony (so called because of solemnising the wedding day by pouring water on the hands of the bride and the bridegroom (Tu.lex.) dha_ra_-atta (a present) given wet from the water that has been poured over it in the donor's hand; dha_ra_-gr.hi_ta (a present) received wet from the water that has been poured over it in the donor's hand; if the present is a cow, the tail is kept in the donor's hand, water is poured over it, and then it is given into the receiver's hand (Ka.); dha_re er-e, da_re er-e (the donor of anything) to pour water (on the gift, and thus to deliver it to the recipient, in order to make it irrevocable; dha_ra_l.a (stream-like extension): profusion (Ka.); freedom from reserve (Ka.Ta.Te.); liberality, generosity (Ka.Ma.Ta.Te.) (Ka.lex.)

4707.Ashes: darmu ashes (Pe.); ni_y-darambu id. (Mand..); darmbu, darambu_, dharmbu id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 3092). toroc ashes; digir id. (Santali.lex.)

4708.Lac: taram sealing-wax, lac (Mu_. A.)(Ta.lex.)

4709.Custom: dha_ro law, custom (G.)(CDIAL 6787). dham.mapekha regard for morality (As'.); dhamek name of the stu_pa at Sa_rna_th (H.); dharmya customary (Mn.); endowed with qualities (Kat.hUp.); a customary donation (Pa_n..)(CDIAL 6759). dharma what is established, law, duty, right (AV.)(CDIAL 6753). dha_rmika righteous, just, virtuous; conformable to justice; dharma, damma that which is to be held fast or kept; duty; right, justice; propriety; usage, practice, custom; dharma-karta the superintendent of the expenses of a temple, of an alms-house etc.; dharmaka_rya an act of charity, of duty or religion (Ka.lex.) cf. tarugu brokerage or fees called custom (Te.)(DEDR 3090).

4710.Superintendent of peons: tarapta_r, tarapputa_ran- < tarfda_r inferior servant, as under a Tahsildar; taravu-k-ka_ran- one who executes the command of a chief (Kuruparam. Pak. 190); tarappu < taraf party, faction side; office-rank; government lands; ta_ro_ka_ < da_ro_gha (U.) superintendent of peons (Ta.lex.)

4711.Frontier post; customs officer: dran:ga frontier watch-station; udran:ga, udran:ka town; kudran:ga watch-house (Skt.); dram.ga frontier-post (NiDoc.); drang frontier station, toll house (K.); d.a~_gi_ customs officer (M.)(CDIAL 6615). daraja_sti an extra assessment, an extra tax (Ka.H.)(Ka.lex.)

4712.Winnow: tarse to be scattered by falling; ilat.akre hor.e idiet tahe_kana, gurente sanam tarse gotena he was carrying rice in a hat.ak by his falling it was all scattered; bae sambraolaka tarsekedae he could not hold it, he allowed it to fall and be scattered; taral basal scatterd, dispersed, here and there, sparse (Santali.lex.) tharan.a in cmpds. strewing (Pali); staran.a act of strewing (S'rS.)(CDIAL 13686). tharvu~ to spread straw for storing corn on (G.); starati strews (MBh.); starate_ overthrows (RV.)(CDIAL 13687). str.ttya to be strewn; to be overthrown (AitBr.)(CDIAL 13716). str.ti overthrowing (TS.); act of bestrewing (Skt.)(CDIAL 13715). ta_r-r-u (ta_r-r-i-) to sift, winnow; n. winnowing; ta_ttu (ta_tti-) to winnow; tar-i (-pp-, -tt-) to sift by a winnowing fan (Ta.); sa_runi, sa_riyuni to sift (Tu.); ta_l(u)cu to sift or separate larger particles from flour in a winnowing basket (Te.); dalngi ki- to winnow with a sideways motion (Pe.); dranzing, dra_zing to throw up in the air, winnow (Br.)(DEDR 3195).

4719.Image: little stool with a plate of sweetmeats: tarni_ little stool on which a plate of sweetmeats is set (H.)(CDIAL 5700).

4713.To pound; goldsmith's instrument for making gold-leaf: tharna_ goldsmith's instrument for making gold-leaf (H.)(CDIAL 13686). tharna_ to beat metal out with a small hammer (H.)(CDIAL 13687). tarukku (tarukki-) to pound, break, pierce, injure, torment (Ta.); tarakkuka to deprive rice of its husk (Ma.)(DEDR 3099). taykkuka (tacc-), takkuka, taikka to strike (Ma.); tac- to kill (animal)(Ko.); toc- to beat (To.)(DEDR 3089). talaut.a_, taraut.a_ lower millstone (Bi.)(CDIAL 5737). tioli lower millstone (WPah.)(CDIAL 5241). To strike: tallu (talli-) to beat, crush (Ta.); tallu a blow, stroke, beating; talluka to strike, beat; tallikka to cause to beat (Ma.); dalliyuni to slap, beat (Tu.); talgu to strike (Te.); talg- to strike, hit, hit the mark (Go.)(DEDR 3105). tal.isu to pound, beat, deprive rice of its bran by pounding (Ka.); talpuni to thresh as paddy; talu threshed, beaten; ta_l.pu to knock, shake off (Tu.); dalsa_na_ to pound (with fists or club), thresh with a flail; dalsa_na_, dolsa_na_ to pound (Go.); talappa a stroke, slap with the palm (Apabhram.s'a)(DEDR 3130). talati fixes, accomplishes; ta_layati (Dha_tup.); talita placed (Skt.); tel to throw (Wot..); tilai to place, put on (Gaw.); tal to place, put, pour out, strike (Bshk.); talu_sa to throw, pour (Tor.); tal, thal to throw (Sv.)(CDIAL 5735).

4714.Image: panther: tarup an animal of the tiger kind, a leopard; napr.ak tarup, maran. tarup a tiger; pot.ea tarup a small species of leopard; sona cita tarup a leopard; kurse baha tarup a panther (Santali.lex.) cf. bolpo, bolpya_ panther (Kon.lex.) taraccha, taracchi [Skt. taraks.u, taraks.a] hyena (Pali.lex.) Image: leopard: turuka_ small tiger, leopard (Or.Bastar); patara turuki wolf, hyena (Or.); taraks.u hyena (VS.); tiger (S'ukas.); taraks.uka, taraks.a hyena (VarBr.S.); wolf (Npr.); taraccha hyena (Pali.Pkt.); tarakh, tarkh (L.); taras (H.G.M.); tara_s (M.); tarasa_ (Si.)(CDIAL 5698). taraks.u hyena (VS. xxiv.40; TS. v.5.19) (Vedic.lex.) taraks.u the striped hyena (Skt.Ka.); a tiger, vya_ghra (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) taraks.u = mr.ga_dana a hunting leopard; a hyena (Ka.lex.) tarakku < taraks.u tiger (tar..ar-kat.t.arakkin- : Kalla_. 3,17); hyena (W.)(Ta.lex.) Image: leopard: tarup felis pardus; felis leopardus (Santali.lex.)

4715.Image: ridicule: tarjana threatening, blaming; censuring; pointing at in ridicule or contempt; putting to shame; wrath, anger (Ka.lex.)

4716.Grind, rub: tarepu, tal.epu to grind, rub (Tu.lex.) tarv- (tard-) to become abraded by moving over rough surface or having something rubbed over it; (tart-) id. (Ko.); tar-i to be chafed, abraded or grazed (Ka.)(DEDR 3141). cf. tarca_na_, tar.c- to scrape (Go.)(DEDR 3146). tarakalu, taraku, tarasu, orasalu, daraku roughness of surface, unsmoothness (as that of cloth, stones, vessels, palnks, leaves), unevenness (of soil); grittiness; grit (that is involuntarily produced in pounding rice)(Ka.); taru (Ma.); caracarappu (Ta.)(Ka.lex.)

4717.Broker: tarakan- broker (Cilap. 14, 209, Urai.)(Ta.); tarakan (Ma.); taraku brokerage, fee, commission to a middleman (Cilap. 1,209); taraku (Ma.); taragu (Ka.); taraku discount allowed in cash payment; broker; an ancient tax levied from brokers (S.I.I. ii,509); taraku-pa_t.t.am id. (S.I.I. ii,521)(Ta.lex.)

4718.A measure: taraku a measure = 2 pat.i (W.)(Ta.); taraku-k-ka_cu wages of a person who measures out grain to a purchaser (Ta.lex.) Imag: balance: tara_, tara_si balance (instrument)(Kon.lex.) tarju tula a balance (Santali.lex.) tara_su, tra_su a balance, scales (Ka.); tara_ju_ (M.H.)(Ka.lex.)

4720.Young: tarun.a afreshly arisen, newly born, young (RV. viii.43.7)(Vedic.lex.)

4721.Opportune time: ter-u (ter-uv-, ter-r--) to tarry (Ta.); tet-- (tet-y-) opportunity or time is, be possible (with dative of person); tepn well, in good circumstances, not widowed (said of the priest)(Ko.); tet-- (tet-y-) leisure is; ter-n opportunity, right moment (To.)[cf. tarun.a young, tender (RV.Pali.Pkt.); tarun. young (G.); tarn.a_ young (M.); tarno (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 5712)]; ter-apu, ter-ahu, terpu leisure, opportunity; ter-avu leisure; teppage, teppane at leisure, at ease, comfortable, well (Ka.); te_pa a time (e.g. ren.d.u te_palu twice)(Te.); tepka (< tek-p-; tekt-) to have time for, overtake (Kui)(DEDR 3439). tar-uva_y seasonable time, opportunity (OK.); taruva_yi id. (Te.); taruva_y seasonable time, opportunity (Perun.. Vattava. 9,55); tar-uva_y occasion, particular juncture, crisis (Ta.); taruva_ya id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.)

4722.Image: wave: taran:ga a wave (Pali.lex.); taran:kam < taran:ga wave, billow (Periyapu. Tat.utta_t.. 165); ocean (As.t.ap. Tiruve_n:kat.attan. 56)(Ta.lex.)

4723.Grade: taro sort, kind, class (Tu.); tara (Skt.)(Tu.lex.) tarja_ < darja (U.) grade, rank, class; taram (Ta.lex.)

4724.Image: fish: taru a small kind of fish (Tu.lex.)

4726.Boat: Ötar to press through, cross water, cross over difficulties (RV. vii.65.3); tara the act of going across (RV. ii.13.12)(Vedic.lex.) tarvot.i sailor; ta_ru, ta_rva_ ship; duvra_cen ta_ru steamer; sid.a_ce ta_ru sailing vessel (Kon.lex.) taritatta the fact of having traversed, crossed or passed through; taran.a going across, passng over, traversing (Pali.lex.) tar ferry boat, raft (G.M.); tari boat (Pali.Pkt.); raft of pots (S.); boat, raft (Or.); tari_ boat (MBh.Pkt.); tarika, tarika_ (Skt.); taro boat (G.); tarki_ triangular raft of reeds supported on pots (L.)(CDIAL 5696). tara carrying across (Pa_n..gan.a)(CDIAL 5696); crossing, passage (RV.); road (Skt.); ku_r-ter, a_bo_-ter ford (Ash.); ao-ter (Kt.); tar path (L.); tara_ fordableness (B.); tari_ journey by water (P.G.M.); turu journey (Si.)(CDIAL 5695). Ferry fee: ta_r ferry fee, crossing a river (K.); beyond one's depth (of water)(L.); bank of a river, opposite bank, end (G.); ta_ra carrying across (VS.); descent to a river (AV.); ta_ra_ ford, fordableness (M.); tara crossing over, road (Si.); tiro-ta_ro payment (N.); ta_r swimming (Skt.)(CDIAL 5793). Ferryman: ta_rya_ ferryman (M.); ta_rin enabling to cross (MBh.); ta_rika ferryman (Vis.n.uP.)(CDIAL 5799). Deliverer: ta_raka rescuing (MBh.); helmsman (Skt.); float, raft (Skt.); ta_raya taking across (Pkt.); ta_ro deliverer (S.); ta_ra_ swimmer (L.); ta_ro strong swimmer (G.); tara float, raft (Si.)(CDIAL 5794). cf. To cross: a_r. to cross; ar.ip- (ar.it-) to make to cross (Pa.); ahka_na_, ahaka_na_ to cross, pass over; ahk gar.m on the other side (Go.)(DEDR 289). Pay, repay: ta_rayati causes to arrive at (AV.); leads across (Kaus'.); rescues (Mn.); ta_re_ti takes across (Pali); ta_re_i (Pkt.); ta_ri to cross (Gaw.); tareik to deliver, to pass to, hand to (Kho.); taroiki to take across; tarizoiki to cross (Sh.); ta_ran.u to cause to swim, save (S.); ta_ran. to discharge, pay; to float, lift up, pay (L.); ta_rn.a_ to cause to swim, convey across, pay the taxes of a village, discharge a debt (P.); ta_rn.o to take across a river, help ford, save, repay (Ku.); ta_rnu to take across, ferry over (N.); ta_riba to save (A.); ta_ra_ (B.); ta_riba_ to take across (Or.); ta_ral to save (Bhoj.); ta_rai takes across (OAw.); ta_rna_ to enable to cross, save (H.); ta_rvu~ to bring to the surface, raise, preserve (G.); ta_rn.e~ to take across (M.)(CDIAL 5796). Deposited pledge; mutual giving and taking: cf. dharn.o to hold, place, deposit (Ku.); dharnu (A.); dhariba (A.); dharati holds, keeps (Dha_tup.); dharna_ to keep, place, pledge (H.); dharn.o (Marw.); dharab to put down (Aw.)(CDIAL 6747). ta_ran.a crossing, safe passage, surmounting of difficulties (MBh.); taking across (Pkt.); ta_ran the sending across (N.); tiran-ta_ran squaring of accounts; sa_ran-ta_ran mutual giving and taking (N.); ta_ran. taking across, preservation, deposited pledge (G.); ta_ran. deposit made against a debt or other agreement (M.)(CDIAL 5795). Ford: ti_rtha ford, steps to a river, place of pilgrimage (RV.); tittha ford, descent to a river, landing place (Pkt.Pali); tithu place of residence, end (S.)(CDIAL 5846). ta_ra rescuer (VS.); ta_rita ferried across (MBh.); a_ri_ helpless (P.)(CDIAL 199). atitarati crosses over (RV.Pali); aiyarai (Pkt.); yi_run to float about, drift whirling about, be distracted (K.)(CDIAL 205). abhitarate_ approaches (RV.); helnu to cause to wade (N.); hela_ to swim (B.); helna_ to float, swim (H.)(CDIAL 517). cf. uttarati passes over (MBh.); alights, descends (Skt.); utta_rayati makes descend (Skt.); uttarati crosses over, comes out (of water)(Pali)(CDIAL 1770). cf. utta_ra landing, delivery (MBh.); crossing over (Pali.Pkt.)(CDIAL 1791). Border: tri_i border (Kal.); tir. ford, crossing place of river or canal (L.)(CDIAL 5911). avatara further down (S'Br.); ora_ru the near side (S.); ure_re nearer (L.); urere a little on this side (P.); arere nearer (P.)(CDIAL 806). Fare: a_ta_ra fare for ferrying (Skt.); a_tara id. (Skt.); crossing a river (Skt.); a_tar, a_ta_r fare for being ferried (B.); a_tara (Or.)(CDIAL 1125). a_tirati overcomes (RV.); ora_na_ to be completed (H.)(CDIAL 1129). sou ter.i_ste_i a bridge has been laid (Ash.); pa_-tero_m I crossed a river; pres. pa_n-te_ri_m (Ash.)(CDIAL 5909). cf. tat.a slope, shore (MBh.); tar. land (as opposed to water), bank (Ku.); tir. sloping bank cut out of steep sides of a river etc. for landing or for watering cattle, landing place, ford (L.); ter. bank, edge, end (G.)(CDIAL 5629). tirate_ crosses over, sails across (RV.); te_run to conquer, gain prestige (K.); tirn.u_ to swim (WPah.); tiraun.o to cause to be passed over, to omit (Ku.); tirai swims across, floats; tirab to come near (OAw.); tirna_ to cross over, swim (H.); tirn.e~ to swim, float (M.); te_run. to swim (L.); tairna_ to swim, float (H.)(CDIAL 5821). ti_ra shore, bank (AitBr.Pali.Pkt.OAw.OMarw.); ti_r river bank (K.); ti_ru (S.); ti_r (Ku.Mth.); id. (H.G.M.); tir (N.A.B.); tira (Or.); tera (Si.)(CDIAL 5842). ti_rn.a one who has crossed (MBh.); fulfilled, completed (MBh.); ati_rn.a endless (RV.); tin.n.a one who has crossed (Pali.Pkt.); trinun to become or be prosperous in having many sons, grandsons etc.; cf. te_run to gain prestige (K.)(CDIAL 5845). cf. ti_rtha fords, steps to a river, place of pilgrimage (RV.)(CDIAL 5846). Float, raft: tarih., tari_h. a boat; tarikah. a ferry-man; a float, raft; tarika_ a boat; tarikin a ferry-man; taritram, taritri_, tarin.i_ a boat, ship; tari_s.ah. a boat, raft; the ocean; work, business, practice, profession; a fine shape or form; ta_rakah. carrying-over; ta_rakah. a pilot, helmsman; ta_ran.a enabling to cross; crossing; carrying or conveying across; ta_ran.ih., ta_ran.i_ a float, raft; ta_rikam freight; ta_rita made to cross, conveyed across; ta_rin enabling to cross; ta_rya to be crossed, passable; ta_ryam fare, freight, toll; ti_rn.a crossed, passed over; taranti_ a boat; tarad a boat; taran.yati to cross over; taran.d.ah a boat; taran.d.am a raft or float made of bamboos tied together and floated on jars or inverted hollow gourds; an oar; taran.d.a-pa_da_ a kind of boat; taran.ah. a boat, raft; crossing over; taran.i passing through; taran.i_ a raft, boat; taran.i-pe_t.kah. an oval bowl of wood for baling a boat; tara crossing; passing over, passage; freight; a ferry-boat (Skt.); tara-pan.yikah. one who received the freight; tara-stha_nam a landing-place, wharf; tr._ to cross over, cross; to sail across, navigate (as a river); to float, swim (Skt.lex.) taran.a raft, boat (Skt.); crossing; nadi_-taran.a (Ka_tyS'r.); su-taran.a (RV.); taran.i_ boat (Skt.); taran.a passing over (Pali); crossing, swimming (Pkt.); taran. crossing a river (H.); floating, swimming (G.); taran.a, taran.i boat (Pkt.); tarni_ boat (H.); taran., tarn.i_ boat (G.)(CDIAL 5700). tarati crosses (e.g. a river), escapes (RV.); floats, swims (VarBr.S.); crosses (Pali); tarai crosses, swims, is able (Pkt.); pa_n-ter- to pass, cross (Ash.); pe_-tr (Wg.); tar- (Dm.); torik (1 sg. tarim) to reach, arrive, become ripe (Kho.); taroiki (1 sg. ta_ram) to cross (Sh.); tarun (K.); taran.u to cross, escape, float, swim (S.); taran. to swim; tarun. (L.); tarna_ (P.); tarn.o to cross, ford (Ku.); tarnu to cross, float, swim (N.); tariba to cross over, descend, escape (A.); tara_ to cross, escape (B.); tariba_ to cross, escape (a difficulty)(Or.); tarai crosses (OAw.); tarna_ (H.); tara_na_ to make cross, make swim (H.); tarvu~ to surmount, float over, swim (G.); tarn.e~ (M.); tarna_ to be saved (H.)[intr. formed from ta_r-]; taranava_ to cross (a river)(Si.); taran. to be paid (L.)(CDIAL 5702). cf. taru to give to 1st or 2nd person (Tol. Coll. 1.29)(DEDR 3098). talapu, talupu to reach, come to hand, be received, arrive; talapisu to cause to reach (Ka.); talapuni to arrive, reach (Tu.)(DEDR 3102). For semant. 'able' in Pkt. cf.: tarabe_tu able, skilled; education, training (Ka.Te.); tarabe_ja, tarabe_ta (M.H.)(Ka.lex.) taritra oar (MBh.); taret float on fishing line, buoy (H.); tar.er.a_ id. (H.)(CDIAL 5709). Getting across: nistaran.a coming out (Skt.); nistaran.a getting across (Pali); n.ittharan.a going through or across (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7527). nittharati crosses over (Pali)(CDIAL 7528). nista_rayati delivers from (Mn.); nitta_re_ti, nittha_re_ti brings through (Pali); n.ittha_re_i takes across, saves, lets go (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7532).

4727.Moving to and fro: tarala, taral.a moving to and fro, tembling, fickle (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cf. tal.ampu to stagger (Ta.); tar-alu to move, shake (Te.)(DEDR 3128). dharpar.ao to toss from side to side (Santali.lex.) Dragging: dardarn noise of dragging something along ground (Ko.); dara dara, jara jara noise in dragging anything on the ground (Ka.); daradara noise of dragging (Tu.)(DEDR 3093). Boat: cf. taran.i_ boat (Skt.)(CDIAL 5700). cf. taro boat (G.)(CDIAL 5696). tr._ to cross over, cross; tara crossing; freight; a ferry-boat; taran.i-pa_n.yika one who receives the freight; taran.a a boat, raft; crossing over; an oar; taran.i-pe_t.aka an oval bowl of wood for baling a boat; taran.d.a a boat; a raft or float made of bamboos tied together and floated on jars or inverted hollow gourds; an oar; taran.d.a-pa_da_ a kind of boat; tarat. a boat; taranti_ a boat; tari, tari_ a boat; tarika a ferry-man; a float, raft; tarika_ a boat; tarikin a ferry-man; tari_ a small wooden baling-vessel; taritram, taritri_, tarin.i_ a boat, ship; tari_s.a a boat, raft; the ocean; ta_raka a pilot, helmsman; ta_ryam fare, freight, toll (Skt.) (Skt.lex.) taran.i crossing over; moving forwards; a float, a raft, a boat; tara passing over or beyond, crossing, passing, freight (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: sun: taran.i the sun (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

4729.Image: star: ta_ra_ fixed star (Ya_j.); ta_rah. nom. pl. (RV.); ta_raka_ star (AV.); ta_raka belonging to the stars (VS.); ta_ra_ star (Pali.Pkt.); ta_r star (Wot..Bhsk.); ta_ (Tor.Kand.); ta_ra f. pl., ta_r-gan (K.); ta_raka_ (Pali); ta_raya_ (Pkt.); ta_r (Wg.); ta_ra (Gaw.Mai.Sv.); tare_ (Sv.); ta_rei (Sh.); ta_ri star (Kal.); ta_ro star (D..); ta_ra (Pas'.); le_toro_ (Pas'.); to_ru, pl. to_ra (Phal.); ta_ro, ta_ru (Sh.); ta_ro (S.Ku.N.G.); ta_ra_ (L.P.A.B.Or.Mth.OAw.H.M.); ta_ro_, ta_ra_ (WPah.); taruva (Si.); tari (Md.)(CDIAL 5798). ta_rah. pl. collection of stars (RV.); tajur.i_, taj star (Pas'.)(CDIAL 5800).

4730.Image: umbilical vein: dhara_ womb (Bhpr.)(CDIAL 6749). dharitri_ female carrier (VS.)(CDIAL 6750). cf. da_ra woman (OAw.)(CDIAL 6293). Image: displacement of the umbilical vein: dhar umbilical vein, its displacement (P.); dhar-naro tendon Achilles (N.); dhar artery (A.); dhar rope (H.); dhara_ womb (Bhpr.); vein or other tubular vessel (Skt.)(CDIAL 6749). dharan.i_ vein in the body (Skt.); dharan umbilical vein, its painful displacement (P.)(CDIAL 6745). Image: rope: cf. tal.e, dal.e loop of rope, noose (Kod..); dal.e to join by sewing together, seam (Ka.); tal.ai (-v-, -nt-) to fasten, bind, chain (Ta.); talugu, talagu tether or halter for cattle (Te.)(DEDR 3133). cf. ta_r, ta_ram cord, rope (Ta.); da_ra string, thread (Ka.Tu.); waist-band, girdle (Te.)(DEDR 3167). dharitri_ female carrier (VS.)(CDIAL 6750).

4731.Image:strings of a lute: ta_ram one of the seven strings of the lute (Pin..)(Ta.lex.)

4732.Receptacle: dha_ran vessel into which flour falls from the millstones (Phal.)(CDIAL 6789). dha_ra in cmpds. holding; dha_raka receptacle; dha_rika_ prop (Skt.)(CDIAL 6787). tarmuccil, tarmucci, harmuccil a wooden lid (plate) used to drain off water by placing it on the vessel of boiled rice and bending it over another vessel at a lower level to which the boiled rice water runs out (Tu.lex.) tar, taru, ta_r to lead or conduct near or somewhere near (Ka.lex.)

4733.Support; prop: dhara usu. in cmpd.: holding, supporting (MBh.); dor hopper of a mill (Kho.); dhor (Kal.); dho_r (Phal.); dara, daras prop (K.); dhare ja_n.a_ to be imprisoned (P.); dhar embankment, boundary (A.); dhari_ a support (G.); dhar power of holding, hold (M.); dharar., dharar.o scaffold (Ku.)(CDIAL 6740). dhara_t. special deck in a boat (MB.)(CDIAL 6741). Image: holding up: dha_ran.a, dha_ra the act of holding, bearing, upholding, keeping, wearing, supporting; the act of sustaining, preserving, maintaining, protecting; dha_raka a post, a pillar; dha_ra holding, bearing (Ka.lex.) Debtor: dharan.a the sitting by a creditor fasting at his debtor's door to enforce payment (Pkt.); dharn.o (S.Ku.); dharna_ basnu so to sit (N.); dharna_, dhanna_ (B.); dharan.a_ (Or.); dharna_ (H.); dharn.u~ (G.); dharn.e~ (M.); dharn.i_ last and fatal stage of a cattle-disease (consisting of constipation)(Ku.)(CDIAL 6742). dha_ran.aka debtor (Ya_j.Pali); dharam.naga id. (NiDoc.)(CDIAL 6790). darun to fast; to become steady or firm (K.)(CDIAL 6747). dha_re on credit (A.)(CDIAL 6795). dharao, dharua to incur debt; nidharua free from debt; dharna mode of extorting payment; dharua a debtor (Santali.lex.) dharan.a supporting (VS.); prop (Skt.); in cmpd. supporting (Pali); support (Pkt.) dharun.a adj. and n. (RV.); dharan. timber (Ku.); dharan large beam (N.); dharna_ beam; dharni cross-beam, ligature to prevent spread of snake-poison (A.); dharan cross-beam supporting ridge-pole (Bi.); dharan.a_ prop (Or.); dharna_ beam over well on which drawer stands (Bi.); dharan. dam (G.M.); dharan beam for pressing indigo (Mth.); dharan.-kha~_b the main post reaching from ground to roof (M.)[cf. ka_mpu flower-stak, shaft (Ta.); stalk, stem (Ma.)(DEDR 1454)](CDIAL 6742). dharati holds, keeps (Dha_tup.)[pres. st. formed from fut. dharis.ye_ (AV.); inf. dhartum, dadha_ra (RV.); dharati holds, supports; continues (Pali); dharai holds, catches (Pkt.); ther, ter to hold, have; ther, ter to stand; thar to have (Gypsy); durren to survive (Wg.); la- pret. lyo to have (Pr.); daro it is (Dm.); dhar to remain, stay (Pas'.Par.); daredal (Psht.); dar- (Wot..); dorik to hold, keep, rear (a child), set (a trap); to wait, rest (Kho.); de_ri_ they remained (Tor.); dharan.u to place, keep (S.); dharan., dharun. (L.); dharna_ (P.); dharn.o to hold, place, deposit (Ku.); dharnu (N.); dhariba (A.); dhara_ to hold, catch; to contine, hold off, cease (of rain)(B.); dhariba_ to hold (Or.) dharab, pp. dhail (Mth.); dharab to put down (Aw.); dharna_ to keep, place, pledge (H.); dharn.o (Marw.); dharvu~ to hold, catch (G.); dharn.e~ to hold; to sit on, stick to (M.); dharta_ holds (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 6747). dha_rayati holds, carries, keeps (RV.); dha_re_ti carries, gives, owes (Pali); dhareti owes (NiDoc.); dha_re_i pres. part. dha_rim.ta, dha_ram.ta holds, owes (Pkt.); mui gi_ da_rum I had beaten (Gaw.) dha_r to keep (pret. dharila < dharita)(Kal.); darik to hold, bear, endure (Kho.); da_run to place, have on loan, owe (K.); dha_ran.u to have, keep, rear, engage (a servant)(S.) dha_rna_ to keep, wear, take on oneself, owe (P.); dha_rnu_ to support, rear (WPah.); dha_ra_ to be indebted, owe (B.); dha_riba_ to be in debt to, owe (Or.); dha_rai_ holds, places (OAw.); dha_rvu~ to consider, guess, stare at (G.); dha_rna_ to hold, have, support, owe (H.); dha_rai supports (OMarw.); daranava_ (pret. druva_ < dha_rita) to support, suffer (Si.); da_r to have, hold (Pas'.)(CDIAL 6791). dha_rayitavya to be held (Skt.) dha_re_yavva (Pkt.); dha_rva~_ that which is kept selected (esp. of the sheaf selected by the reaper as his wages)(L.)(CDIAL 6792). dha_ran.a keeping (Pkt.); act of holding (S'Br.); dha_ran.a_ id. (MBh.); fixed rule (Mn.); limit (Pkt.); dha_ran.a_ lintel of doorway or window, prop (Or.); dha_ran. holding (G.); prop, support of a building, weighing, weight (G.); dha_rn.iyo prop, pillar (G.); dha_ran., dha_rn.i_ main post from ground to roof (M.); daran.uva_ circle of twined canes to place vessels on (Si.)(CDIAL 6789). dha_r hollow tree inserted into a well to keep it from falling in (H.); dha_ra_ veranda (Kal.)(CDIAL 6787). dha_rita borne, held (TA_r.); dhariya (Pkt.); dharila guarded (Pkt.); dha_ryo supported (OMarw.); druva_ bore (Si.)(CDIAL 6795). dhara suppport, prop (S.)(CDIAL 6748). dhartra prop, support (VS.)(CDIAL 6752). dhr.ta held, supported (RV.); worn (MBh.); weighed (MBh.); dhata firm, resolved (Pali); thil to hold, grasp (Gypsy); dhail held (pp. of dharab)(Mth.); dhar.a_ cloak (B.)(CDIAL 6872). dhr.ti holding, firmness (RV.); dhiti steadfastness (Pali); dhiti id. (As'.); dhii, dihi (Pkt.); driy solemn obligation, vow (K.); dhiya_ fortitude (M.)(CDIAL 6873). dhr.ti satisfaction (Skt.); dhar peace (N.); satisfaction (G.); dhi_t satisfaction, satiety (Ku.); dhit satisfaction, trust (N.); dhad. well-being; dhad.a_ satisfaction (M.)(CDIAL 6873a).

4734.Frightened: darati is frightened (Dha_tup.); d.arai fears; daria, d.aria frightened (Pkt.); der- to fear; pp. derino (Gypsy); d.arun (K.); d.aran.u (S.); d.aran. (L.); d.arna_ (P.); d.aran. scarecrow; d.ara_i threat (WPah.); d.arn.o to fear (Ku.); d.arnu (N.); d.ariba (A.); d.ara_ (B.); d.ariba_ (Or.); d.arab (Aw.); d.arna_ (H.); d.arn.o (Marw.); d.arvu~ (G.); d.arn.e~ (M.); d.arapna_ to be afraid (H.); d.arapai (OMarw.); d.arapvu~ (G.)(CDIAL 6190). dara fear (MBh.); d.ara (Pkt.); d.ar (K.); d.aru (S.); d.ar (L.P.Ku.N.A.B.); d.ara (Or.); d.ar (Mth.Bhoj.Aw. H.Marw.G.M.); d.arakka_ alarm (H.)(CDIAL 6186). Image: split: da_ran.a splitting, tearing asunder; opening, bursting; kraunca-da_ran.a the splitter of the kraunca hill: Skanda (Ka.lex.) di_ryate_ is split (S'Br.); is dispersed (of an army)(MBh.); is frightened (Dha_tup.); di_rn.a rent (S'a_n:khS'r.); frightened (MBh.); d.rijan.u to be afraid; d.riju fear; d.rijin.u timid; d.reja_ran.u to frighten (S.); a-din.n.a not broken (Pali); dri_ra cracked; derino feared (Gypsy); d.rino pp. of d.rijan.u (S.)(CDIAL 6373). To tremble: tirg- to tremble (Nk.); tir-, tirv-, tiri- id.; tirk- to shudder, throb (pulse); tirbir-, tirbir er- to tremble (Pa.); tirg- id.; tirg- (tirig-) to shiver (Ga.); tirg- to tremble (Kond.a); tri_g- (tri_kt-) id.; tripka- (< trik-pa-) to be startled (Pe.); tri_g- to tremble (Mand..); tirga (tirgi-) to shiver, tremble; n. shivering, trembling; trikna in a startled manner; triki inba to be startled (Kui); tr.i_gali to shiver; tri_ginai to tremble; trig- (-it-) to shiver (Kuwi)(DEDR 3253).

4735.Trembling; collective body of living things: tartaro, tartarya_ tremble; tartar to shiver; tartarai cause trembling; tartarountso id.; terrible (Kon.lex.) uttrasati is afraid (Skt.); uttrasta frightened (Skt.); apatrasati flees in terro (RV.); uttasati is frightened (Pali); uttasai (Pkt.); ucoiki to run away (Sh.); utrasta, uttasta frighteed (Pali); uttattha (Pkt.); ucutus I ran away (Si.)(CDIAL 1801). uttra_sa fear; uttra_saka scaring (Skt.); utta_sa (Pali.Pkt.); uca_o scare-crow (Sh.)(CDIAL 1802). tras tremble (Skt.); trasa trembling (n. collective body of living things)(MBh.); tasa living beings (Pkt.); trauh alarm (P.); t.raharu shying horse (S.); tarahar. timid (L.); trus avalanche (Kt.)(CDIAL 6005). trasati trembles, is afraid (RV.); tarasanti_ pres. part. trembling (RV.); trasyati (Dha_tup.); tasati trembles, is afraid (Pali); tasai fears (Pkt.); trasun to become afraid (K.); t.rahan.u to shy, be frightened (S.); tarahan. to be timid (L.); traihn.a_ to be startled (P.); tahikn.a_ to be frightened (P.); pp. tasita (Pali); tasia (Pkt.); tre_ terrified (L.); cayo_nu, co_nu, cuzo_nu to be cold (Sh.); tarsun to be afraid (K.); tarahan. to be timid (L.); tarsanu, tarchanu to be afriad; caus. tarsa_unu, tarcha_unu, tarso terror; tarsuwa_ nervous (N.); tarachiba_ to take sudden fright (Or.); tra_svu~ to be vexed (G.); tras' to fear; tras'av to frighten (Gypsy); tra_svu~ (G.); traharun to become alarmed (K.)(CDIAL 6006). trasana alarm (Skt.); tasan.a trembling (Pkt.); t.rahin.o shy, starting (S.)(CDIAL 6007). trasta frightened, trembling (MBh.); tattha (Pkt.); tat.t.ha (Pkt.); t.rat.ho pp. of t.rahan.u (S.); trat.t.ha_ frightened (L.); tra_t.ha (OG.)(CDIAL 6008). ttiya fear, trembling (Si.)(CDIAL 6009). tra_sa fear (MBh.); ta_sa fear, trembling (Pali.Pkt.); tras-a (NiDoc.); tro_s ice (Ash.); s'a~kur ice (Dm.); istro_s ice (Dm.); isu icy (Av.); trus avalanche (Kt.); tro_s (Wg.); tra_s terror (K.); t.ra_hu, t.ra_ha start, timidity (S.); tra~_ dread (L.); tara_h alarm, consternation (P.); t.l.a_hakar. restive bullock (WPah.); tra_s fear, vexation (G.); ca_ cold (Sh.); tramo_nc cold, fever (Kal.)(CDIAL 6013). tra_sayati makes tremble, frightenes (MBh.); ta_sia frightened (Pkt.); t.ra_han.u to frighten, startle (S.); tra_hn.a_ id.; ta_hn.a_ to drive (P.); ta_sa_ to brush, dust, shuffle (cards)(B.); ta~_sna_ to terrify, threaten, treat severely (H.); ta_sad.n.e~ to abuse (M.)(CDIAL 6014). aral. (aral.v-, aran.t.-), arul. (arul.v-,arun.t.-) to be terrified; arat.t.u (arat.t.i-), arut.t.u (arut.t.i-) to terrify, frighten; n. fear; arat.t.i fear; arut.t.i quaking, trembling, agitation; arat.ci, arut.ci confusion of mind, bewilderment; aruku (aruki-), arukku (arukki-) to be afraid (Ta.); aral.uka to shrink; arat.t.uka to frighten, alarm (Ma.); arkl fear because discovery of one's misdeeds is expected, feeling of anxiety about getting a living, sorrow because of bereavement (Ko.); aral., aral.a, arulu, arulu, arlu, aralu bewilderment, terror, fear; are, aremare, aremarike hesitation, doub (Ka.); naran:guni to waver, hesitate, be reluctant; naraguri a sheepish man, coward; naren:guni to hesitate; naren.ele a dull, tardy, slow, hesitating man (Tu.); aragali hesitation, doubt; aramara, aramarika id., consciousness of being a stranger; arava_yi diffidence, hesitation (Te.); ari fear; ars- (arast-) to fear; arp- (arapt-), arsip- (arsipt-), arplip- to terrify (Kol.); ari fear; ars- to fear; artip- to terrify (Nk.); ari- fea; arus-/ars- to fear; arup-/arp- to frighten (Nk.); nar fear; narc- to fear; narpip- (narpit-) to frighten (Pa.); nar fear; narsj- to fear; narupp- (narupt-) to terrify; nbar fear; narc- to fear (Ga.); arkare to be terrified; arkatre to terrify (Malt.); narring to flee, run away (Br.)(DEDR 3605). a_tas fear, anxiety (N.)(CDIAL 1137).

4736.Liquid: taral liquid, fluid (A.); taral.a liquid, melted (Or.)(CDIAL 5703). taral.atana, taralate tremulousness, shaking; unsteadiness (Ka.lex.) cf. drava liquid (Skt.lex.) Cream: tari_ floating layer (Skt.); tarika_ skin on milk (VS.); tar cream (N.G.); tariya cream on milk (Pkt.); tari_ oily substance floating on soup or similar liquids (P.); tari_t (P.)(CDIAL 5710). thara cream (Pkt.); tharu, thari_ (S.); thiri_, tharri_, thari_ (L.); thar skin on boiled milk (P.); thar cream (WPah.N.)(CDIAL 13685). dai heap of corn or straw (on threshing floor)(Kho.); dai fat on the top of soup (Sh.); dau fat meat (Sh.); day fat, stout (Burushaski) (CDIAL 6786). Sour: trui-zu_ sour milk (Kt.); terpkiy sour (Russ.); tri_w (Psht.); trifs' (Parthian.Iranian); trus'p (Bal.); turus' sour (Pers.); trui-zer sour milk (Wg.); tru-chi_ra (Dm.); trua-chi_r, dui-ci_r (Pas'.); duzan-chir (Gaw.); trun.u-chi_r (Phal.); tre_ salt (Tir.)(CDIAL 5930). Pungent: tr.pra pungent (RV.); salty (Ka_tyS'r.); tr.pradam.s'in (AV.); tfr a kind of cheese (Parthian.Iranian); tarf white milk cheese (Pers.)(CDIAL 5934). cf. tayir curds (Ta.); takra buttermilk (Skt.)(DEDR 3088).

4737.Axe; image: fence rails; weaver's beam: tar-i wooden post, stake, weaver's loom, a kind of axe (Ta.) [tar-icer-i kal.iru mace_n- : Tiruva_ca. 35,8); pillar, column; kan-kan-er-r-un tar-iyit.ai (Kantapu. Val.l. i.15); peg; kot.untar-ic cilampi va_n-u_l valantana tu_n:ka (Net.unal. 58); tar-i-y-ar-ai to drive down stakes (Ta.lex.)]; post, stick, hedge-stake, weaver's loom, cutting (Ma.); tayr, tary fence-rails between which and the posts brush is filled in (Ko.)(DEDR 3140). cf. accu weaver's reed or stay (Ma.)(DEDR 48). tar-i-maram web beam, wooden revolving bar round which the woven cloth is wound (Ta.lex.)

4738.Image: to lie in wait: ta_r-u, ta_ru to lurk, lie in wait (Te.); tar-uku to linger, loiter (Ta.); ta_ri to wait (Kor.)(DEDR 3193).

4739.Bobbin: ta_r-u-k-kan.t.u weaver's shuttle; weaver's bobbin, reel (Ta.lex.) turi weaver's beam (S.); tur beam of a loom (P.); tu_r, tura_i_ toggle, weaver's beam (G.); turi_ toggle, nail pointed at both ends (G.); tu_r, turai_ id., weaver's beam (M.)(CDIAL 5880). tar-i button-hook, clasp of thread or metal; tar-i-k-kit.an:ku weaver's loom-pit; tar-i-k-kit.ai thrum in a weaver's loom, fringe of threads in a loom; tar-i-put.avai a tax on looms (S.I.I. iii,115); tar-i-y-ir-ai id.; tar-i-pat.uku warp of a loom (Te. pad.ugu); tar-i-maram web beam, wooden revolving bar round which the woven cloth is wound (Ta.lex.) tar-i-po_t.u to weave cloth in a loom (Ta.lex.) Weaver's reed or stay; Image: comb-like frame; to dye : accu-t-tar-i (inscr. 13th cent. S.I.I i,64; the inscr. also refers to saligaitar-i (a loom used by Saliya weavers?); par-ai-t-tar-i (cf. par-ai-t-tun.i coarse cloth); tu_cakai-t-tari (tu_cu cf. du_s.ya cloth, garment; cotton). accu-tar-i, accu-ttar-i a variety of loom; tax payable on looms (Ta.)(SITI, IEG.) par-ai-t-tar- i a variety of handloom; tax for the same (Ta.)(SITI.IEG.) accu weaver`s reed instrument for pressing down the threads of the woof; comb-like frame in a loom through which the warp threads are passed and by which they are pressed or battened together (Ta.); weaver`s reed or stay (Ma.Ka.Te.); acci id. (Tu.)(DEDR 48). sa~r.a_ri rollers in machine for cleaning cotton (Bi.)(CDIAL 12902). a_cu small tube through which yarn is conducted from the spindle of a spinning wheel to a machine (Ta.lex.) accu-k-kat.t.i one who folds and ties cloth in dyeing, whereby any desired figure is printed (Cilap. 5,17, Arum.); accu-k-kat.t.u id., weaver's reed (Ta.lex.) accu-k-kat.t.i Indian country surgeon; accu-p-palakai weaver's bar; accu-p-pu_t.t.i-ir..u to pass the thread through the loom (Ta.lex.) Bobbin: ta_r-u weaver's bobbin, reel (Ta.); the arrow of weavers which holds the yarn (Ma.)(DEDR 3190). ta_r-i ra_t.t.in-am reeling machine; ta_rin-va_r..nan- weaver, as living by bobbin (Perun..Vattava.2,48); ta_rai thread-bareness; long reed instrument; ta_rai-p-pat.t.u striped silk (Ta.lex.) ta_l.u to tolerate (Ta.); wear well (Ka.); tal.e put on (as clothes)(Ka.); ta_l(u)cu to wear, put on (Te.)(DEDR 3188). ta_r-u, ta_r-u-pa_ycci-k-kat.t.u putting on a cloth in the fashion of the divided skirt, pin-kacca-k-kat.t.u; ta_r-u-k-kan.t.u weaver's shuttle; weaver's bobbin, reel; ta_r-u-cur-r-u to wind yarn on a bobbin or reel (Ta.lex.) ta_r-u wearing clothes tucked in (Ma.); tar-uka to wear tightly as a cloth; to fasten (Ta.Ma.)(Ta.lex.) tar-u to wear tightly as a cloth (Ta.); tar-ai to drive in (nails)(DEDR 3142). ta_rai-kavan.i a fine variety of striped muslin (Ta.); ta_rai-p-pat.t.u striped silk (Ta.lex.)

4741.Image: to churn (?use of a bow-drill); unsteady; tottering: ta_ralya unsteadiness (Skt.)(CDIAL 5797). tal.ar (-v-, -nt-) to droop, faint, grow weary, enfeebled, infirm, or decrepit, grow slack, become relaxed as a tie or grasp, become flabby from age; n. slackening; tal.arcci, tal.artti slackness, looseness, flexibility, weakness, infirmity, faintness, langour, depression, laziness, remissness; tal.arvu growing slack, relaxing, faintness, weakness, depression, sorrow; tal.arttu (tal.artti-) to loosen; tal.atal.a (-pp-, -tt-) to become loose, as a cloth worn upon the person (Ta.); tal.aruka to relax, slacken, be allayed, grow faint, weary; tal.arcca slackness, weariness, faintness; tal.arkka, tal.arttuka to moderate, abate (Ma.); tal.a.r- (tal.a.ry-) to take rest (Ko.); tal.e- (tal.ev-, tal.and-) to become weak; tal.at- (tal.ati-) to make weak, exhaust (Kod..); tal.abal.a, tal.amal.a exhaustion, weariness; dal.abal.a, dal.an:k loose (Tu.); talqro tender, delicate, weak (Malt.)(DEDR 3127). tal.ampu (tal.ampi-) to stagger, totter; tal.l.a_t.u (tal.l.a_t.i-) id. (Ta.); tal.ar to move, tremble, totter, move on or forward, start off, set out, depart; n. moving, trembling, tottering; tal.arcu to go away from a place, start, depart; teral. to move, stir, tremble, shake, quive, move forward, go, set out, depart; teral.ike, teral.ke moving, etc.; teral.icu, teral.cu to cause to move or tremble, cause to go away, etc. (Ka.); tal.abal.a, tal.amal.a alarm, agitation (Tu.); taralu to set out or start; tar-alu to move, shake; talaru id., be agitated, disturbed; teralu to start, set out, boil; terlu to boil, bubble up as water; teral(u)cu to remove, stir, cause to go; tala_ku to move, fear; n. motion, fear (Te.); ter-li (-t-) (water) to boil excessively (Kond.a); dalka to tremble (Mand..); tarala (Skt.)(DEDR 3128). tirg- to tremble (Nk.); tir-, tirv-, tiri- id.; tirk- to shudder, throb (pulse); tirbir-, tirbir er- to tremble (Pa.); tirg- id.; tirg- (tirig-) to shiver (Ga.); tirg- to tremble (Kond.a); tri_g- (tri_kt-) id.; tripka- (< trik-pa-) to be startled (Pe.); tri_g- to tremble (Mand..); tirga (tirgi-) to shiver, tremble; n. shivering, trembling; trikna in a startled manner; triki inba to be startled (Kui); tr.i_gali to shiver; tri_ginai to tremble; trig- (-it-) to shiver (Kuwi)(DEDR 3253). Trembling; ill; flabby; decrepit: tharathara_ya-ma_na trembling (BHSk.); tha_run to tremble (K.); thara trembling; tha_r trepidation (K.); thariba_ to tremble (Or.); thara_ a shiver (Or.); tharra trembling, convulsion (N.); tharr.a_i_ (G.); tharkan. to shake (L.); tharkan.u (S.); tharakn.a_ (P.); tharakiba (A.); tharakna_ (H.); tharakvu~ (G.); tharakn.e~ (M.); tharaharai feels giddy (Pkt.); tharra_n.o to tremble (Ku.); tharahari trembling (N.); tharahara shivering (Or.); tharhara_na_, tharra_na_ to tremble (H.); thara_r.n.e~ (M.); tharathare_di, tharattharai feels giddy (Pkt.); tha_rtha_r, thatharai shivering (Sh.); tho~_tharun to be flurried (K.); tharthara_un.a_ to tremble (P.); tharthara_n.o (Ku.); tharthara_unu (N.); tharthari trembling (A.); thartharna_ to quiver (H.); thartharvu~, thatharvu~ to tremble (G.); thartharn.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 6092). thalinu to be ill (N.); thalthala_un.a_ to shake (as flabby flesh)(P.); tharthalla_ earthquake (P.); thalthal shaking of loose flabby flesh (N.); thalthale marshy ground (N.); thalthal shaking (H.); flabbiness (B.); thalthalinu to shake (of flabby flesh)(N.); thalathala flabby (Or.); thalthal.n.e~ to shake flabbily (M.); thalthal flabbiness (M.)(CDIAL 6093). thurthuri convulsively (N.); thurthiriya_ tremulous with age (A.); thurthur trembling (B.); thurathura_ decrepit (Or.); thud.thud.n.e~ to tremble; thurthuravin.e~ to bristle up (M.)(CDIAL 6101). taralayati sets in tremulous motion; tarala_yate_ moves oneself to and fro (Skt.); taralita dangling, tremulous (S'a_rn.P.); tarale_i moves restlessly (Pkt.); pp. taralia (Pkt.); taral.iba_ to become soft (of heart), be melted (Or.); taral.n.e~, tara_l.n.e~ to wander wildly (of eyes)(M.)(CDIAL 5704). To creep; to go: tillati goes (Dha_tup.); tlel (Psht.); til- to go (Bshk.); till- (Gau.); til- to creep (Phal.)(CDIAL 5836). tavar.. (-v-, -nt-) to creep, crawl (as infants, lizards, snakes), leap and flow (as waves), extend, traverse, spread on all sides; tival. (tival.v-, tivan.t-) to move as on the ground (Ta.); tavir..uka to creep along (Ma.); tof- (tof0-) to go on all fours (To.); teval.u to creep along on the ground (Ka.); temalu to set out, stir, get ready to go, go away, slip, slide (Te.)(DEDR 3109). Image: to churn (?use of a bow-drill): tarala trembling, moving to and fro (MBh.); trembling, unsteady, restless (Pali.Pkt.); taral wantonly sportive; pl. amorous frolics (K.); tarala agitation (Si.)(CDIAL 5703). tari churning (Te.); tar(u)cu, traccu to churn, produce fire by rubbing two pieces of wood together (Te.); traccana churning (Te.); terip to churn (Pa.)(DEDR 3095). thara cream (Pkt.); tharu, thari_ (S.); thiri_, tharri_, thari_ (L.); thar skin on boiled milk (P.); thar cream (WPah.N.)(CDIAL 13685). dha_ya layer, stratum (Kaus'.); dai heap of corn or straw (on threshing floor)(Kho.); dai fat on the top of soup (Sh.); dau fat meat (Sh.); day fat, stout (Burushaski)(CDIAL 6786). tari_ floating layer (Skt.); tarika_ skin on milk (VS.); tar cream (N.G.); tariya cream on milk (Pkt.); tari_ oily substance floating on soup or similar liquids (P.); tari_t (P.)(CDIAL 5710). Buttermilk: cha_chi_ buttermilk (S.Marw.); whey (OAw.); cha~_c(h) whey (Ku.); cha~_cr.o rice and whey boiled together (Ku.); cha~_chi_ earthen pot in which milk is curdled (Mth.); cha_c(h) buttermilk (H.); cha_si_ buttermilk (Pkt.); cha_hi_ (S.); cha_ (L.); cha_h (P.WPah.H.); cha~_s, cha~_ whey (Ku.)(CDIAL 5012). tayir curds, tyre, brain matter (Ta.); curds (Ma.); takra buttermilk mixed with water (Skt.)(DEDR 3088). tacci curds (Ta.lex.) dadhi thick sour milk (Pkt.Pali); gen. dadhnah. (RV.); in cmpd. -dadhika (Skt.); dahi (Pkt.N.Or.); dai (K.); dahi_ (S.L.H.Bi.Mth.Bhoj.); dahi~_ (P.G.M.); da~i (WPah.); dai (Ku.N.A.B.Or.); dahiu (Aw.); dhai_ (H.); dha~i (Konkan.i); di (OSi.Bra_hmi_.); dihi, di_ (Si.)(CDIAL 6146). dye_d, dyed curds (Wot..); de_th (Tor.)(CDIAL 6148).

4742.Goad: ta_r-u ox goad, sharp-pointed stick for driving oxen (Pa_rata. Nirai. 94); elephant goad: ta_r-at.u kal.ir-r-in- (Kuricip. 150); sharp iron-piece at the end of a goad; ends of a bow, notch; ta_r-r-u-k-ko_l ox goad; elephant goad (Ta.lex.)

4743.Mahogany; oleo-resin: tu_n.-maram, tu_n.a_-maram cedrela toona ( L.); Indian mahogany (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) tun.i the tree cedrela toona (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) Cedrus deodara: vrikashapa, snehaviddha; devadaru; badra daru, suradaru (Skt.); pinus deodara; Himalayan cedar (Eng.); deodar, toona (H.); toon (B.); toon-maram, devadaru (Ta.); devdari (Te.); devadaru (Ma.); devdari, devadaru (Ka.); devataram (M.); pahari-keli (P.); habitat: all over the northern Himalayas; largely cultivated in India as an ornamental tree; parts used: wood, bark, leaves and turpentine; contituents: wood yields an oleo-resin known as kelanka-tel and a dark-coloured oil or tar resembling crude turpentine is obtained by destructive distillation... oleo-resin and dark-coloured oil or turpentine, are applied to ulcers and skin diseases. They are valuable in mange in horses and sore-feet of cattle (Indian Materia Medica, p. 295). Cadreia toona: tuna, kuberaka; nandi-vraksha (Skt.); red toon or Indian mahogany (Eng.); toona, tun (H.); nandibriksha (B.); mahalimbu (Or.); khusing (P.); labshi (N.); deodari (M.); tunumarak, sevvagil (Ta.); nandi-chettu (Te.); aranamaram (Ma.); devadari, kempu-gandhagiri (Ka.); kooruk, tuni (M.); thit-kma-du (Burm.); habitat: tropical Himalayas from the Indus eastwards and throughout the hilly districts of central and southern India; parts used: bark, gum and flowers; constituents: resin, extractive matter, gum... flowers known as gultar in Bombay are considered emmenagogue. (IndianMateria Medica, p. 294). Red cedar: ta_ram red cedar, prob. de_vada_ru (Tailava. Taila.); a celestial tree (Cilap. 15,157, Urai.); manda_ra (Skt.)(Ta.lex.) cf. cedrus deodara = cedrus libani = pinus deodara de_vada_ru producing gum, cholesterin, essential oil; wood yields oil with balsamic odour (Skt.lex.) de_vada_ru red cedar, erythroxylon monogynum (Ka.lex.) Synonym: coppat.e the red cedar, erythroxylon monogynum (Ka.lex.) Erythroxylum monogynum: devadaru, chemanatti (Ta.); devadaru, gadara (Te.); devadaru (Ka.); devataru (Ma.); infusion of wood and bark: stomachic, diaphoretic, stimulant, diuretic, useful in slight cases of dyspepsia; leaves: refrigerant; essential oil; cocaine; habitat: N. circars, Deccan and Carnatic in dry evergreen forests, and W. Ghats in dry hill forests of Travancore, upto 3,000 ft. (GIMP, p.111). Image: tree: dare a tree (Santali.lex.) taru tree (MBh.); tar(u)ka nom. pl. (KharI.); tarua_ cudgel of wood or bamboo (Or.); tura tree (Si.)(CDIAL 5711). taru tree (Kampara_. Kaiyat.aip. 10); the kar-pakam tree of Svarga (Man.i. 5,114); ta_ru tree (Kantapu. Ta_raka. 71); cf. da_ru (Ta.lex.) da_ru piece of wood (MBh.); wood (Pali.Pkt.); da_ru, drun.ah, dro_h. (RV.); da_ruka (Skt.); da_r, do_r, do_ firewood; do_r tree (Pas'.); da_r wood, tree (Gaw.Shum.); dar timber, fire-wood, gallows (Kho.); da_r log (K.); da_'r timber (WPah.Ku.N.H.); dara firewood (Si.); dar ridge-pole (Kal.); da_ruka wooden (Pali); dru, daro wood (Dm.); da_ru, da_r.u rafter, plank (Gaw.)(CDIAL 6298). da_rava made of wood (Mn.); dru, dro wood (Dm.); da_rav beam, rafter (K.); da_ruv^u wooden (K.)(CDIAL 6296). da_rva wooden (BhP.); dabba wooden, tree (Pali); da_b curved branch of sisoo wood passing under point of axle of cart (Bi.); da_va trunk of felled tree, timber (Si.)(CDIAL 6395). dabehra_ large wooden plough share fixed behind the iron share (H.)(CDIAL 6306). dara_nu stack of wood, pile (e.g. of dead ibex)(Kho.)(CDIAL 6301). lumen.d. stick (Bshk.)(CDIAL 6638). drume_s'vara the coral tree (Skt.); duminda the Bodhi tree (Pali); duminau ficus religiosa (Si.)(CDIAL 6639). da_run.a hard, harsh (S'Br.Pali.Pkt.); dreadful (Pkt.); da_run (Mth.); da_runa terrible, cruel (OAw.); da_run (H.); da_run. (G.M.); darun.u (Si.)(CDIAL 6299). de_vada_ru Himalayan cedar (MBh.); de_vada_ruka (Pali); de_vada_ru (Pkt.); di_a_r (K.); diya_l (L.); dia_r (P.); dya_r (WPah.Ku.); dya_ra_n.i deodar forest (Ku.); dewa_r (N.); de_ri a tree (used for timber, leaves like those of melia azidirachta) (WPah.)(CDIAL 6531). cf. pha~zur, pzdur wooden spade (Dm.); phando_r (Bshk.); phe_ndu_ru (Phal.)(CDIAL 13830). cf. turu < dru tree (Ta.lex.) druma tree (MBh.); dru wood; duma tree (Pali.Pkt.); duma (Si.)(CDIAL 6637). cf. : kunduruka = resin of de_vada_ru (Br.hatsam.hita_ com.) Semant. dru, turu tree (Skt.Ta.) Wood: dru wood (Skt.); da_rva wooden (BhP.); dabba wooden; tree (Pali); da_b curved branch of sissoo wood passing under the point of axle cart (Bi.)(CDIAL 6305). turuvakam < dhruvaka stump (Ta.lex.) tur-uve, tur-ubi a tall plant, the country mallow, sida indica (Ka.); tutti (Ta.); tutti, tuttari (Te.); tur-uve_gid.a, tur-uve abutilum indicum (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) dravya a wooden image; drukilima a sort of pine, pinus deodora (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) dru-u wood, wooden vessel (RV. viii.96.11); drun.a_ na pa_rami_raya_ nadi_na_m 'na_va_', RV. x.101.10 dro_rupasthe_ 'drumavika_rasya pa_trasya'; dru-ghan.a wooden club (RV. x.102.9); drumbh-u_li_ missile, thunderbolt (MS. iii.8.3); dru-vaya wooden dish or vessel; dro_n.a wooden vessel (RV. vi.44.20); dru_vanna having wood for food (RV. ii.7.6; TS. iv.1.9.2); Image: sitting on tree: drus.ad sitting on tree (RV. ix.72.5; TS. 8.7.12.1) (Vedic.lex.) turun. a heavy piece of wood with a hole through it into which the foot of a criminal is placed and then wedged tightly (Santali.lex.) dhruva the trunk of a lopped tree; a post, stake (Skt.Ka.); a wooden roller used in an oil-mill (Ka.); dhruvaka a post, a pole, a stake (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) turakam a wooden contrivance for closing a branch in an embakment, kutiraittar-i (Aric. Pu. Na_t.t.uc. 30)(Ta.lex.)

4744.Bush: d.a_hal. tree-loppings; d.a_hl.a_ plant, branch with leaves (M.); d.a_l. (G.); d.a_ru (S.); d.a_l branch (H.B.); d.a_li_ s'a_kha_ (OM.)(Bloch, p. 341). cf. da_ru tree (Skt.lex.) jha_d. tree, bush (M.G.); jha_r.u tree (S.); jha_r. bush (P.H.B.); jha_t.a (Skt.)(Bloch, p. 338). ja_l. bush; ja_l.i_, ja_l.em. net (M.); ja_l.um. net; ja_rum. spider-web (G.); ja_ru (S.); ja_l (P.H.); za_l (K.); da_la (Si.); ja_la (Skt.)(Bloch, p. 336).

4745.Valley: dari_ valley, vale (Skt.lex.) d.hip valley (Santali.lex.) der.u valley (Sh.)(CDIAL 6510). d.ahar lowlying land (L.P.); d.ahar, d.ahra_ deep water, lake (B.); d.ahara, d.aa_ra deep pool made by eddy in river-bed (Or.); daha pond, lake (Pali.Pkt.); da deep water (A.); da(h) tank, lake, deep pool, eddy (B.); d.ahura_ water-hole (M.); daha lake, deep water, marsh, mud (Or.); dah deep pool (H.); daha very deep water (OMarw.); lake, pond (Si.); daha_ muddy (Or.); dahala mud (Or.); dahala_ muddy (Or.)(CDIAL 6627).

4746.Lowlying land: {Echo word} taggu low ground, dale, valley, descent, declivity (Tu.); ta_r..ttu a slope (Ma.); ta_r..u the bottom (Ka.); tat. underneath (Nk.); taggu low ground, a depression, valley (Te.)(DEDR 3178). taggu gadde a low paddy-field; taggu dinne dale and hill, low and rising ground, flats and prominences; taggu bhu_mi low ground; a flat; taggu muggu ups and downs, unevenness (Ka.); taggu moggu (Te.)(Ka.lex.)

4747.Sloping roof: ta_r..-va_ram sloping roof, lean-to, penthouse (Ta.); veranda lower than the house, a slope (Ma.); ta_r..-va_ra id. (Ka.); ta_l.va_ramu veranda (Te.)(DEDR 3178). dhartra house (Skt.); tari (with low rising tone) roof (WPah.)(CDIAL 6752). dharman support, prop, established order (RV.); lye_mi_ roof (Shum.); dra_mi_ (Kal.); dha_m big cross beam supporting a platform (A.)(CDIAL 6757).

4748.Image: to look at: tha_r to observe (Par.); stare_n to stare, keep eyes fixed on (OHG.); thar to look, see; tho_r, tar- (Pas'.); thar to look at (Shum); tha_r- to see, read (Wot..); tha-, ta- to see; 1 sg. tawum (Gaw.)(CDIAL 13743). tarucu to search, examine, investigate (Te.); da_h- (da_st-) to seek, search; motion base da_ska- (Pe.); da_h- id. (Mand..); dahpa (daht-) to seek, search for, desire, want; n. search, desire, longing (Kui); ta_h'nai to seek; da_h'nai to trace; dah'- to search (Kuwi); dajna_ to guess, grope for (Kur.)(DEDR 3100).

4749.To convey by signs: t.ha_riba_ to convey by signs (Or.); t.ha_ra_ to signal, beckon (B.); t.ha_rn.o to determine, design (Ku.)(CDIAL 13742).

4750.Measured: ta'red to measure (quantity); tar-gad to cut up into small pieces; to mince (Sora.lex.)[cf.the morpheme -gad and Zide's insights on -kad as a reflex connoting '20'. gad + tam (cut-month) = gattam to reduce the quantity measured; gad- to cut, split; gad-gad to cut repeatedly (Sora); had (Mundari); get, ged (Birhor); gada (Kachari)(Sora.lex.)]

4751.Image: split in two; bamboo rattle: ta_r.a_ piece of bamboo on a string beaten against a tree to scare birds (P.); cotton-scutcher's mallet (L.P.); door-bar (B.)(CDIAL 5749). ta_r.ana act of strking (OA.); ta_d.an. beating (M.)(CDIAL 5751). tar.i stroke, beating (Or.); tar.i_ beating (H.G.)(CDIAL 5636). tat.t.ai mechanism made of split bamboo for scaring away parrots from grain fields (Ta.); tat.t.a a large rattle (Ma.); tat.t.e a thick bamboo or an areca-palm stem, split in two (Ka.); wooden bell on cattle (Kod..)(DEDR 3042).

4752.Image: bolt, latch: ta_r.. bar, bolt, latch; blocks in a wall to support beams (Ta.); bolt or bar of a door (Ka.); ta.l.i bolt of door (Kod..); bolt, bar, lock (Ma.); tost bar at gate or pen (To.); tar..-k-ko_l, ta_r..a-k-ko_l, ta_r..-p-pa_l. bolt, bar (Ta.)(DEDR 3179). ta_l.a door-bar (Pali); ta_r.a_ id. (B.); ta_l. bolt (Kho.); ta_la bolt (Pkt.); ta_r.o cotton-scutcher's mallet (S.); ta_r.a_ id. (L.P.); ta_r.i_ bar or bolt of door (S.); ta_r. part of driving wheel of spinning wheel (L.); talaya the blade of any instrument (Si.)(CDIAL 5749). Image: pin that holds a tenon in mortise: ta_l. tying string of a jacket; wooden catch turning on a central screw that fastens a pair of shutters; pin that holds a tenon in mortise: ta_l.ut.ai-k-kat.ikai nur..ainuti net.uve_l (Akana_.35); ta_r..a-k-ko_l bar, bolt; key (Tol.Er..u.384, Urai); ta_l.uko_l (Ka.)(Ta.lex.)

4753.Image: potter's wheel: tayrgan. potter's wheel (?Ko.); tagori the potter's wheel (Tu.) tikiri wheel, potter's wheel, the discus weapon (Ta.); tiguri, tigari, tiguru a wheel, esp. a potter's wheel (Ka.)(DEDR 3201). Image: discus weapon: ta_rai discus weapon; a quality of the diamond (Cilap. 14,180, Urai.); thread-bareness, a_t.aiyin vila-k-kir..ai (Ta.lex.) ta_ra_ fixed star (Skt.)(CDIAL 5798). ta_rai blade of a weapon (ta_rai kol. mukkavai-c-cut.ar ve_l : Kalla_. 86,34)(Ta.lex.) dha_ra_ sharp edge, rim, blade (RV.); edge of weapon (Pali.Pkt.); chura-dhara knife-blade (NiDoc.); da_r edge or point of weapon or tool (K.); dha_ra id. (S.P.); blade (Or.); sharpness (Konkan.i); dha_r line (Mth.); edge, line, boundary (H.); edge (Ku.); edge of tool, brink (G.M.); edge or point of ploughshare (Bi.); curved blade of mattock (Bhoj.); edge, sharpness of a blade (B.); edge of weapon, blade (A. whence dhara_iba to sharpen); dha_ri line, row (A.); edge, edge of mud veranda (B.); dha_ri_ deep furrow (Bi.); line (OAw.); line, groove (H.); daraya edge, sharpness (Si.); dar ridge-pole (Kal.)(CDIAL 6793). [cf. codha_ru~ a weapon with four edges (G.); caudha_ri_ having 4 edges (M.)(CDIAL 4613)]. Circle: a_ru circle of people (K.); or^u circle, band, fillet (K.); ha_ra necklace (MBh.); garland (Pkt.)(CDIAL 14059). Potter's wheel: a_r..i circle, ring, wheel, discus weapon (Ta.Ma.Ka.); roundness, funeral pile (Ma.); a_re potter`s wheel (?Go.); a_n.i spherical, round, globular (Te.); roundness (Ka.)(DEDR 398). [cf.a_ni axle-pin (RV.); linch-pin, bolt, peg (Pali); aniya prow of a canoe (Si.); a_n.i corner of a house, boundary (Skt.)(CDIAL 1110). a_n.i roundness (Ka.); spherical, round, globular (applied to pearls)(Te.)(DEDR 398). an.iyam forepart of a vessel, stem, prow (Ta.)(DEDR 118).] [ Spoke of a wheel: cf. ara_ spoke of a wheel (RV.); a_ra (MBh.Or.); ara (Pali.Pkt.); felloe of a wheel (Or.); spoke (Si.); aro spoke, cog (S.); ar one of the crosspieces in a cart-wheel (P.); a_ra_ first pair of spokes in a cart-wheel (Bi.); spoke (H.); a_ro spoke (G.)(CDIAL 594).] a_r..i discus weapon; (ar..iyer..u-c- can:kum villumer..a : Tiv. Tiruva_y. 7,4,1); royal power, as symbolised by the discus weapon; ar..ive_ntan (Kampara_. Taila. 70); command, rule; (ar..inir-kuti yallaiye_r- par..ivarum : Upate_caka_. Civavirata. 16); ar..ima_lvarai (myth.) range of mountains believed to be encircling the orb of the earth; (ar..r..ima_varai-k- kappur-am pugin-um : Pur-at. A_ciriyama_lai); a_r..iya_n- Vis.n.u, as wielding the discus; (a_r..iya_n-en-n-u ma_r..amo_r..aiyir- pa_ycci : Tiv. Periya_r... 3,7,4); king, emperor; ar..iviral ring finger (Ta.lex.) tikiri circle, circular form, wheel [(Cilap. 4,2)(Ta.lex.)], potter's wheel [(Ka_cippu. Tirunagarap. 76) (Ta.lex.)], the discus weapon [(Kampara_. Cittira. 40)(Ta.lex.)], chariot, car (Ta.); royal authority (Man.i. 22,16)(Ta.lex.); tikirikai wheel; circle; potter's wheel (Ta.lex.); tikiriya_n- Vis.n.u, as holding a discus (tolkatir-t- tikiriya_r- paravutum : Kalit. 104,77) (Ta.lex.) tikiri-man-n-avar the six famous emperors, viz., Ariccantiran-, Nalan-, Mucukuntan-, Purukuccan-, Puru_rava_, Ka_rttavi_riyan- (Ta.lex.) tirgan wheel (Ko.); tiragan.i, tiragan.e, tirugan.i, tirugan.e, tirugun.i that which turns, a wheel for raising water; windlass, roller (Ka.); tirugali, tirugalli a mill, handmill, gristmill (Te.); tirgal mortar, pestle (Kol.)(DEDR 3246). Image: wheel: tirikai potter's wheel (Ta.)(DEDR 3246). [cf.cakra oil mill (Mn.); cak(h) stone--mill (Ku.); cakki_ mill (WPah.); ca_k(h)o hand-mill (Ku.); caki_ hand-mill (S.); caka_ round stone (Or.); ca_ki_ grindstone (B.); millstone (H.); circular piece fixed in axle (G.); caki_ mill-stone (Or.); cakia_ stone-mill (Aw.); ca_k any kind of wheel, millstone (H.)(CDIAL 4538). Image: to turn round the head: tirugu a turn, change of direction, turning back; tirugud.u turning; tirugudala a turning back; trippu a turn (Te.); trikku a twist or turn (Te.); tiri to turn (Ta.); tirumpu to turn back (Ta.); tiriyuka to turn round (Ma.); tirivu turning, returning (Ma.); tirikka to turn round, return; tirippu turning, change (Ma.); tirk a turn (To.); tirigu, tiragu, tirugu to turn round, roam about; tiruvu to turn as the head; n. going around, turning; tiruhu act of turning (Ka.); tir (tiri) to turn round (Kod..); tirduni to turn (Tu.); tirahta_na_ to turn (Go.); tirvi to return, turn back (Kond.a); tirp to turn round (Kond.a); tihpa act of turning about or back (Kui); tipali to turn round; tir.vali to turn oneself round (Kuwi)(DEDR 3246). Cart: chakir.o cart (S.); chakr.a_, chikr.a_ large two-wheeled bullock-cart (P.); chakr.a_, s'akr.a_ cart (B.); chakar.a hackney carriage (Or.); chakar.a_ large cart (Bi.); chakkar., chakr.i_ (Mth.); chakr.a_ two-wheeled bullock-cart (H.); chakr.u~ cart (G.); sa_kd.a_ the box of a load-cart (M.); s'akat.a cart (R.); s'akat.i_ (RV.); s'akat.ika adj. (Pa_n..gan.a); sakat.a cart, waggon, cartload (Pali); sagad.a, sayad.a, sad.ha (Pkt.); hakat.a, hakad.a, yahad.a a measure of capacity (OSi.); ya_l.a cart (Si.); hagor^u cart (K.); sagr.a_ bullock-cart (B.); sagar.a (Or.); sa_gar., saggar.a_ smaller cart (Bi.); sagar. (Mth.); saggar., sagar. cart (H.)(CDIAL 12236). cakriya pertaining to wheels (RV.)(CDIAL 4555). Proto-Indo-European word for 'wheel': *k^welo- (Old Prussian kelan, Old Church Slavonic kolo, Old Norse hvel) or *k^wek^wlo- (Greek kuklos, Skt. cakra-, Old English hwe_ol, Tocharian kuka_l). [cf. Mallory, J.P., Time perspective and proto-Indo-European culture. World Archaeology, 8.1: 44-56, 1976; p.51; Parpola, Asko, The coming of the Aryans to Iran and India and the cultural and ethnic identity of the Da_sas. Studia Orientalia, vol.64, pp.195-302, Helsinki 1988; p.199.] cf. the radical k*l in Ta. ka_l 'wheel' and Tocharian kuka_l etc. a_r-a_ra-c-cakkaram stanza of four lines so composed that it can be written in the form of a wheel with six spokes, some of the letters being repeated in reading as one goes on reading the lines from spoke to spoke, a variety of cakkara-pantam (Ma_r.analanka_ram, 282, urai.) cakkara-pantam a fantastic metrical composition in the diagrammatic form of a cart-wheel (Ma_r.analanka_ram. 281.) Province; image: wheel: cakra wheel (RV.); potter's wheel (S'Br.); oil mill (Mn.); circle (R.); cakri_ wheel (RV.); cakka wheel (Pali.Pkt.); cakka_ wheel (Bi.); cakur spinning wheel (Kho.); caxur (Ir.); carku_ wheel, spinning wheel (Sh.); c.akh^ar, c.akras, c.akh^ur^u wheel (K.); caku potter's wheel (S.); caki_ hand-mill (S.); mill-stone (Or.); mill-stone (H.); cakkar wheel (L.); circuit, ring (P.); cakkur wheel (L.); cakk potter's wheel (P.); cakki_ mill (WPah.); ca_k(h)o hand-mill (Ku.); c.ak(h) stone-mill (Ku.); ca_ko anything round (N.); Image: honeycomb: mah ko ca_ko honeycomb (N.); sa_k potter's wheel (A.); ca_k wheel, comb or hive of bees or wasps (B.); wheel, potter's wheel (Bi.Mth.G.); wheel (Bhoj.M.); any kind of wheel, mill-stone (H.); mill-stone (G.); mau-ca_k honeycomb (H.); sa_ka_ wheel (A.); ca_ka_ wheel (B.); wheel, sod of turf (H.); caka wheel, potter's wheel (Or.); ca_ki_ circular piece fixed in axle (G.); circular flat piece of metal (M.); ca_ku~ a thick roundish mass (G.); ca_ka wheel (Konkan.i); saka wheel, circle (Si.)(CDIAL 4538). cakka_ga circular (Pkt.); caka_ (Or.); ca_ka_ (H.)(CDEIAL 4539). caka_ri_ wheel rut, wheeling round (of a carriage)(M.); cakraca_rin flying in a circle (Skt.)(CDIAL 4541). cakrana_bhi hub of a wheel (Sus'r.); saknaba hub (Si.)(CDIAL 4543). sakat.a cart (Pali); s'akat.a cart (R.); chakr.a_ two-wheeled bullock-cart (H.)(CDIAL 12236). cakkalaka disc, tuft (Pali); cakkala round (Skt.); id., extensive; n. circle (Pkt.); cokul avalanche of stones (Kho.); cakul anything circular (K.); cakaru circle (S.); cakkul horizontal wheel of well gear (L.); cakkli_ vertical wheel of well gear (L.); wheel (L.); cakla_ round, wide; n. open square in city, district, brothel (P.); sa_kli any flat circular thing, coin (A.); ca_kla_ round and flat, piece of bread, province (B.); Province; boundary: ca_kal, cakla_ circular, round and flat, broad; province (H.); ca_kl.o water-wheel, circular leather seat, pot (G.)(CDIAL 4548). cakrava_t.a boundary (Skt.); cakrava_la circle (MBh.BHSk.) cakrin.i_ driving in a carriage (Ya_j.)(CDIAL 4554). caket.h pointed stick with which potter twirls his wheel (H.); cakait.h id. (Bi.); cakrayas.t.i stick for potter's wheel (Skt.)(CDIAL 4547). yas.t.i stick, pole (S'Br.); yat.t.hi staff (Pali); jat.t.hi stick (Pkt.); ja_t.hi_, ja_t.ho stick (Ku.); ja_t.ha_ stick (MB.); ja_it.(h) cylinder of an oil mill (B.); ja_t.h beam in sugar mill, post in a tank (H.); ja_t.hi iron rod used as a weapon (Or.); yat.i-ya stick, measure of length = 7 ells (Si.)(CDIAL 10444). kattarayat.t.hi mendicant's staff (Pali); katuruyat.iya walking stick (Si.)[prob. Pali or Si.. compound] (CDIAL 2699). cakravartin a universal ruler (MBh.); cakkavattin (Pali); cakravarti (NiDoc.); cakkavat.t.i, cakkavatti (Pkt.); sakviti universal ruler (Si.)(CDIAL 4549). cakoha whirlpool (OH.)(CDIAL 4550). ca_ki_ circular flat piece of metal (M.)(CDIAL 4538). takat.u quality of being thin and flat (as a plate of metal), metal plate, leaf blade (Ta.); thin metal plate, spangle (Ma.); takit.u id. (Ma.); takit.a copper leaf written over and worn as amulet (Ma.); tagad.u thin metal plate (Tu.); plate, sheet, leaf or foil of metal; takat., takt.e_ metal beaten into a plate or leaf (M.)(DEDR 2995). cakkaram ancient silver coin formerly current in South India = 1/16 pagod.a; a coin in Travancore nearly equal to 6 pies (arai-y-an.a_ value); a measure of capacity. cf. kali pan.am (Ta.Ma.), kar..i-p-pan.am (Ta.) a coin of ancient times used in funeral ceremonies = 3 1/2 annas = 4 cakkaram, (in Trav.) = 1/10 pon. (Ta.lex.) cf. vi.ra.n.y van.m small gold coin put in mouth of dead man and burned with body (pan.m coin)(Ko.); pi.r bon.m small, old coins in bag, used at funeral (To.); bira.ni pagoda = 4 rupees (Kod..)(DEDR 5457). Image: spindle: t.a_ku spindle (B.Or.); skewer (Mth.); t.a_kuya_ (B.); t.ekuya_ (B.); t.a_kua_ spindle for hemp or jute (Or.); spinning axle of spinning wheel (Bi.); t.raku spindle of spinning wheel (S.); t.akuo spike with a knob of wood by spinning which cord is twisted (S.); ta_ku_ spindle (Ku.); takuwa_ spindle (Ku.N.); t.akua_ small skewer (Mth.); t.ekua_ spindle (Bhoj.); takwa_ (H.); tra_k (G.); tra~_k (G.)- Ext. -d.-: t.a_kuri spindle (A.). Ext. -d.- or -r-): t.a_kur.i (Or.); t.akuri needle, spindle (Mth.). Ext. -r-: t.a_kur (B.); t.akru (B.); t.akru (Or.). Ext. -l-: trakkl.a_ iron pin (L.). Ext. -ll-: t.akulo (S.); trakkula_, trakla_ (L.); takla_ spindle (H.); tarakkula_, tarakla_, takkula_, takkla_ spindle, shaft of a wheel (P.); takkuli_ small spindle (P.); katuwa_ spindle (Ku.N.H.)[This form re-inforces the phonetic equivalence: ka-duru (Tu.) = tar-ku (Pa_rGr.)] cakur spinning wheel (Kho. < Iranian); carku spinning wheel, wheel (Sh.); caku potter's wheel (S.); cakk id. (P.); sa_k id. (A.); caka id. (Or.); ca_k id. (Bi.); ca_ki_ circular flat piece of metal (M.)(CDIAL 4538). {The morpheme tir- as in tirai roll of cotton prepared for spinning (Ta.)(DEDR 3245) links with a hand-held tool; any hand-held (kai hand) tool or portable or small object can semantically be denoted by the phoneme ka-. cf. katir spinner's spindle (Ta.Ma.); kadir, kadaru, kaduru id. (Ka.); kaduru, kadiru, kadru id. (Tu.); kaduru id. (Te.); kadur an instrument used to spin threads from cotton (Ga.)(DEDR 1195). In a cognate linguistic aerial etymon, the emphasis is on the element tr- to turn: cf. tarku spindle (Pa_rGr.); tarkut.a_, tarkut.a (Skt.)(CDIAL 5717). The suffix -kut. and forms -kuri, -kula_, -kla_ are fundamental components in the wherewithal of kaulika_ weaver. cf. kut.- to sew (Ga.Kol.)(DEDR 1672). t.raku spindle of spinning wheel (S.); t.akuo spike with a knob of wood by spinning which cord is twisted (S.); ta_ku_, takuwa_ spindle (Ku.); t.a_ku, t.a_kuya_, t.ekuya_ spindle (B.); takuwa_ (N.); t.a_ku spindle (Or.); t.akua_ spindle for hemp or jute (Or.); t.a_kua_, t.ekua_ spinning axle for spinning wheel (Bi.); t.a_ku skewer (Mth.); t.akua_ small skewer (Mth.); t.ekua_ spindle (Bhoj.); takwa_ (H.); tra_k, tra~_k (G.); t.a_kuri spindle (A.); t.a_kur.i (Or.); t.akuri needle, spindle (Mth.); t.a_kur, t.akru spindle (B.); t.akru (Or.); trakkl.a_ iron pin (L.); t.akulo spindle (S.); trakkula_, trakla_ (L.); tarakkula_, tarakla_, takkla_ spindle, shaft of a wheel (P.); takkuli_ small spindle (P.); takla_ spindle (H.); katuwa_ spindle (Ku.N.H. X *kartati spins); takku spindle (Pkt.); tra_ku spindle (Kal.); c.a_ko (Sh.)(CDIAL 5717). These forms provide a clue to the equivalence of phonemes: tar- = car-; tagori (Tu.)(DEDR 3201) = cakra wheel (RV.); potter's wheel (S'Br.); ca_k (B.)(CDIAL 4538). cakna_ to sharpen an edge instrument, whet (Kur.); cake to sharpen, whet (Malt.)(DEDR 2277). The apparent link is the use and turning of a circular hard stone to whet}.

4754.Class, sort, kind: ta_ram rare, valuable articles or things (Pur-ana_. 30)(Ta.lex.) tara a taddhita affix of the comparative degree, added to adjectives, nouns, and also to verbs and indeclinables in which latter case it is changed to tara_m. It is added like tama, to pronouns in the sense of 'one of two', e.g. katara, tatara, yatara etc. (Skt.lex.) tara the termination of the comparative degree; more, uncommonly; cf. adhikatara (Ka.lex.) ta_rai order, arrangement, regularity (Ta.lex.) tara, taraha, tara_, tala kind, manner, fashion; sort; likeness (Ka.); id. (Te.); tarha_, thara id. (M.H.); sort, kind; classification (Ka.Te.); tarambid.i to seize or select everything in its order; taratama, ta_ratamya gradation, the state or condition of more or less; discrimination (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) taraha a kind; a way, fashion, method; tara_ various kinds of ways; differences of rank, variety in the grades of society; tara_va_ri, tara_va_ru various kinds (Ka.lex.) tara_-taram distinction of rank, place, class or other particulars (Tiruvil.ai. Tiruman.a. 94); id. (Ma.); tara_tara id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) tara_ < tarah (U.) sort, kind, manner, mode (Ta.lex.)

4755.Image: duck: ta_ra_ heron (Ta.); ta_r-a_vu duck (Ma.)(DEDR 3169). tarat. a kind of duck (Skt.)(Skt.lex.) cf. ta.r, t.a_reng (hen) cackles (Kol.); tarp- to cackle (Pa.)(DEDR 3173). a_ri duck (Dm.Kal.); a_ri_ (Gaw.); al.i (Kho.); e_r (Bshk.); a_r (Tor.); he_r.i_ (Phal.); a_r.i_ (S.); a_r.i turdus ginginianus (B.); a web-footed bird (Or.); a_r. turdus ginginianus (H.); a_d.l.i_ (M.); a_d.i_ (M.); a_reli_ duck (Gaw.); a_ti an aquatic bird (RV.); a_t.a a partic. kind of bird (Pali); a_d.i (Pkt.); a_r.i duck (Wg.); warg-a_r.i_ lit. 'water-duck'(Ash.)(CDIAL 1127). ta_ra_ duck (Pata_rtta. 890)(Ta.lex.) tarad a kind of duck (Skt.lex.) cf. taran:ga wave (R.Pali); taram.ga (Pkt.); taran:g (P.); taran. brook, current, stream of water (Ku.); taran:ga, tagara wave (Si.)(CIDAL 5699).

4756.Belerica: ta_r-e, tar-e, ta_r-ai a large timber tree, the beleric myrobalan, terminalia belerica (kali, aks.a, vibhi_ta)(Ka.); ta_d.i, ta_n.d.i (Te.); na_n-r-i (Ta.); ta_nnri (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) ta_n-r-i, ta_n.i belleric myrobalan, terminalia belerica (Ta.); ta_nni id. (Ma.); da_n.d.i mara id. (Tu.); ta~_d.i, ta_n.d.ra id.; (inscr.) ta_nr-i id. (in place names)(Te.); ta_n.d.i id. (Kol.); de_ndi, de_ni id. (Pa.); t.a_hka_, t.a_hka, ta_hka_ id. (Go.); t.a_n.d.i mra_nu id. (Kond.a); t.a_nd.i id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 3198). lopon. dare terminalia belerica (Santali.lex.)

4757.Stalk of millet: turan jua_r stalk; of which the leaves are green and silky; tu_ri_ the chaff of wheat; dry crushed or broken or chopped straw of wheat or barley (P.lex.) turumbu chaff and waste (Tu.lex.) turuppuk-ku_t.u unwinnowed heap of grain (I_t.u, 6,5,1); turumpu bits of straw (Perumpa_n.. 239); refuse stalks as of sugarcane (Na_lat.i, 35); turumpu bits of straw (Ma.)(Ta.lex.)

4758.Image: tortoise, turtle: dadru tortoise (Skt.)(CDIAL 6199). duli (Pkt.); dud.i small tortoise (Skt.As'.); dura_ turtle (A.); dur.i small or female tortoise (B.); dur.o, dur.a_ a kind of small edible tortoise or turtle (B.); dul.i_ female tortoise (Or.); dur.i, d.uli small turtle, female turtle (H.); n.ad.(d.)uli_ (Pkt.)(CDIAL 6400).

4759.Contract for usufructs from trees: tu_ra a contract, particularly for toddy (Tu.lex.)

4760.Bigness; a stout man: to_ra bigness, largeness, plumpness, stoutness, greatness, dignity, a stout man, a great man; to_ritu that which is big; to_rida a big man (Ka.); to_ra stoutness, thickness; thick, stout, large (Tu.); to_ramu thick, stout, large (Te.); tro_ja (tro_ji-) to grow in body, become mature and well-developed; pl. action tro_ska (tro_ski-) (Kui)(DEDR 3557). Headman: dhur wealth; chief, head, foremost, pre-eminent; a man of business; a leader; an epithet of S'iva (Skt.lex.) dhurya a minister, one charged with important duties; one who carries a burden (of responsibility); a chief, leader, a head (R.); dhuri_ya, dhuri_n.a charged with important duties (Skt.); a man of business or one charged with important duties; a chief, head, leader (Skt.lex.) caturdhara name of a family or race (Skt.); caudhiri_ headman (S.); caudhari_ (P.); caudhari (N.); saudhuri, saudha_ri title of a respectable land-holder (A.); caudhuri a title (B.); caudhuri headman (Or.); caudhar robust, stout (H.); caudhari_ headman of a caste or trade or village (H.); codhro, caudhri_ (G.); caudhri_ (M.)(CDIAL 4612). Large, stout: sthu_la large, thick, stout (AV.); thu_la, thulla big, stout, strong (Pali.Pkt.); thulo, tulo fat; tilla_ big (Gypsy); thula stout (D..); thu_la fat (Dm.); tla (Kal.); thul (Kho.); thulu (Phal.); thulu fast, thick (Sh.); thu~_la large, coarse (K.); thulho thick, fat, coarse (as cloth)(S.); t.hulla_, t.hu_lha_ large, thick, coarse (P.L.); thullha_ large; t.hullha_ fat, coarse (P.); thu_l corpulent, heavy, dull; t.hu_lo large (Ku.); t.hulo large (N.); tholoka_ (A.); thu_la_ fat (H.); t.hula_ dumpy; thuli_, t.huli_ coarsely ground meal (M.); tul large, fat (Si.); t.hu_l egg (K.); t.hu_l (WPah.)(CDIAL 13776).

4761.Trust; responsibility; collector of revenues: tur-r-u-tal to undertake (Akana_.10); tur-ai-po_tal to be accomplished, completed as a business (Kalit. 67) (Ta.); turai-ttan-am government (Ira_mana_. Uyut. 29); turaippa_n:ku majestic or dignified air; affected pose as of a lord or nobleman; lord, noble (Vir-alivit..); turai-makal. mistress; lady; queen (Kumara. Pira. Mi_n-a_t.. Pilai. 27); turai chief, lord; master, ruler; gentleman, nobleman (Tiruppu. 70); dora (Te.); dore (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) turam charge, trust, responsibility; turantaram responsibility; tur-avo_r ascetics, recluses (Na_lat.i, 273)(Ta.lex.) turakka_ran- collector of revenues in respect of temple properties (Na_.); turam < dhura the department for collecting revenues in respect of temple properties (Na_.)(Ta.lex.) turantaran- one who assumes a responsibility; conqueror, victor (Ir-ai. 23,172); turantari woman who assumes a responsibility (Civaraka. Nantikan.a. 8); turantarikan- one who assumes responsibility (Kon.t.alvit.u. 320); cf. dhuram-dhara (Ta.lex.) tur-aiyar (Ta.); toreya (Ka.) a Kanarese cultivating caste in Coimbatore and Salem Districts (E.T. vii,276); tur-aiya_r temple servants; tur-aivan chief of a maritime tract (Ain:kur-u. 158); tur-aiyar a Kanarese cultivating caste in Coimbatore and Salem districts (E.T. vii,176)(Ta.); toreya (Ka.)(Ta.lex.)

4763.Pack bullock: tu_ri pack bullock (W.); tu_riyam < dhurya pack bullock (Pin..) (Ta.lex.) Image: draught cattle: dhur draught cattle, either oxen or buffaloes (Santali.lex.) turyava_h four-year old ox (VS. xviii.26)(Vedic.lex.) Image: beast of burden: dhurya fit to be harnessed (Pa_n..); foremost (AV.); beast of burden (SKt.); duri_ bull (Wg.); dhu_ri_, dhuriya_ the wheeler in a team of three bullocks (Bi.); dhu_r bullock, cattle (in general)(Bi.)(CDIAL 6831). dhaure_ya beast of burden; dhaure_yaka (Skt.); being foremost (Skt.); dhrya foremost (AV.); dho_reyya accustomed to the yoke (Pali); dho_rayha beast of burden (Pali); dho_re_ya, dho_riya capable of beaing a load (Pkt.); dhori_, dhorya_ ox (P.); dhori_ (H.G.); dho_re_ya, dho_riya leader (Pkt.); dhore near (H.); dhori_ main (of a road)(G.); do_r face, mouth, side (Pas'.); d.hor cattle (H.); dhojja capable of bearing a load; leader (Pkt.)(CDIAL 6884). Pack bullock: turiyam < dhuri_ya pack-bullock; bearing, carrying (Ta.lex.) Pack-bull: turantaram pack-bull; responsibility; cf. dhuram-dhara (Skt.); turam burden; charge, trust, responsibility; the department for collecting revenues in respect of temple properties; turi < dhura, dhuri loc. sg. of dhur burden, weight (turiper.a-c-caripor..il : Tiruppu. 508); turiyam pack-bullock; bearing, carrying (Ta.lex.) tura (-pp-, -nt-) to drive, urge; turappu driving (Ta.); tro_cu to push, shove, thrust (Te.); tro_-pat.u to be pushed or driven; tro_-pa_t.u being pushed or driven; tro_pu, tro_pud.u a push; tro_yu to push, drive; t(r)o_lu to drive; d(r)obbu to push (Te.); dobbu pushing, shoving (Tu.); d.hobb- to push (Nk.); turkip- (turkit-) to push, shove (Pa.); turus key- to push in, shove (Ga.); ro'-, roppa_na_, rosna_ to drive (Go.)(DEDR 3340). Beast of burden: stho_ra beast of burden (BHSk.)(CDIAL 13779). dhur draught cattle, either oxen or buffaloes; dhur menakkotaea se ban.? Has he got plough cattle or not? (Santali. lex.) stho_rin, sthaurin pack-horse (Skt.); stwr horse (Pahl.); stora horse (NiDoc.); storavara horseman (NiDoc.); isto_r horse (Kho.); isto_ri mounted, horseman (Kho.)(CDIAL 13779). Buffalo heifer; big: tho_ra large (Pkt.); thor (G.M.); tho_ru fat, big (Konkan.i); thoro young buffalo bull (Ku.); thori_ yearling buffalo heifer (Ku.); thore full-grown buffalo beifer (N.)(CDIAL 13780). sthaula stout, robust (RV.); t.ho_hl fat man (L.); thohllu_ (P.)(CDIAL 13781). tholhi corpulence (S.)(CDIAL 13782). Image: two-year old heifer: t.hair two year old heifer (Mth.)(CDIAL 13747). Image: fat bull: te_r-r-u-ma_t.u bull or cow fattened or soiled for sale; te_r-r-am thriving, luxurious growth; certainty, assurance; determination (Tol. Col. 259); id. (Ma.); te_r-utal to thrive, improve, flourish, as vegetation; te_r-uka to be strengthened (Ma.); te_r-u-cu_t.u branding cattle to promote their fattening; brand on cattle (Ta.lex.) sthu_ra big, strong (RV.); m. du. parts of a horse (VS.); buttocks, ankles; lower part of thigh (Skt.)(CDIAL 13775).

4764.Heap of threshed grain: turuppu-ku_t.u, turumput.an- unwinnowed heap of grain (Ta.); turumpu heap of threshed grain (Ma.); tupp stack, heap of corn or rice (Tu.)(DEDR 3345). turru-n white anthill (Sora.lex.) To be joined: tun-r-utal to be close, thick, crowded together (Kampara_. kukap. 28); to get attached to; to lie (Tiruva_ca. 17,10); tun-n-utal to be fitted, joined, attached; to be thick, crowded; to press close (Na_lat.i, 167); to approach, approximate, adhere to (Pur-ana_. 23); to join; to undertake (Kur-al., 316)(Ta.lex.) Image: crowdedness: tur-u crowdedness, closeness, eating (Ta.); tur-umpu, tur-umu to be close, crowded (Ta.); tur-uval thronging, crowding, eating (Ta.); tun-r-i, tun-r-u to be crowded together, approximate, get attached to (Ta.)(DEDR 3367). tur-uga, tur-agu a throng, crowd (Ka.); tur-ugal, tur-ungal a crowd, mass (Ka.); tur-ugu to appear in numbers, to be thronged, closely packed, enveloped, concealed, surrounded or clothed (Ka.); tut.t.e collection, group, heap (Te.)(DEDR 3367). turumba gahanah (Skt.); turu~b full (M.)(DEDR 3367). tur-ugal, tur-ungal thicket (Ka.)(DEDR 3367). tur-utur-e_ throngingly, pressingly (Ma.)(DEDR 3367).

4765.Troop: turupu a troop (Ka.); turuphu (Te.)(Ka.lex.) turuppu troop, army (Tan-ippa_. i,381,28)(Ta.lex.)

4767.Religious rites: turiya-c-canti (S'aiva) religious rites ordained to be performed after nightfall (Tacaka_. Kurupu_. 5); turiya-civan- S'iva as the supreme lord; turiya-tta_n-am a mystic region near the navel into which the soul retires in its turiyam stage (Ci. Po_. Cir-. 4,3, Pak. 99); turiyam the fourth state of the soul in which it is in the navel with the pira_n.an- (Ci. Po_. Pa_. 4,3, Pak. 278, Putup.); (yo_ga.) highest state of yo_ga in which one attains entire quiescence (Ja_n-ava_. Mur..u. 26); (Jaina) the fourth of captapan:ki (Me_ruman. 709); turiyan- soul in the highest state (Ve_ta_. Cu_. 79); god (Can.. Aka.); turiya_ciramam asceticism as the fourth stage; turiya_ti_tatta_n-am the mu_la_ta_ram into which the soul retires in its turiya_ti_tam stage (Ci. Po_. Cir-. 4,3, Pak. 99); turiya_ti_tam < turya_ti_ta the transcendent fifth state of the soul in which it is in the mula_ta_ram and is cognizant of aviccai alone (Ci. Po_. Pa_. 4,3, Pak. 278, Putup.) (Ta.lex.) turi_ya_ti_ta an attribute of S'iva; turi_yavarn.a belonging to the fourth caste; a s'u_dra (Ka.lex.) tura_t the law of Moses; the Pentateuch (P.lex.) cf. tuyya pure, holy (Ta.); fair, spotless (Ma.)(DEDR 3338). turya_awastha_ the state of abstraction from external things and absorption in the contemplation of supreme being (P.lex.)

4768.Image: a large drum; musical instrument: turiya, tu_riya musical instruments in general, usually referreed to as comprosing 5 kinds of special instruments, viz., a_tata, vitata, a_tata-vitata, ghana, susira; turiya-sadda the sound of music, music (Pali.lex.) tu_riyam < tu_rya musical instruments (Maturaik. 460); drum beaten on festive or joyful occasions (Pin..); a large drum; tu_riya-kan.t.am a musical instrument (Ta.lex.) tu_rya, turi a bugle; tu_rya a musical instrument (wind instrument, stringed instruments etc. of four kinds)(Ka.lex.) Image: a trumpet: turhi_, tura_, turam a turmpet; turamchi_a trumpeter (P.lex.) tu_ryakhan.d.a a sort of tabor (Skt.lex.)

4769.Image: hen: turi_ a hen (Pali.lex.)

4770.Image: conical shed: tuppu:n, turpu:n a small thatched shed, conical in shape erected temporarily in the field for the watchman (Sora.lex.) turu-kulen a lid on the pot (Sora.lex.) tu_r to hide, cover (Kampara_. Kaike_yi. 74)(Ta.lex.)

4771.Image: earthen vessel with a long neck: tu_ri a kind of earthen vessel with a long neck (Tu.lex.) tura_ mixed metal of copper and spelter; tara_ alloy of 8 parts of copper to 5 of tin, used for making metal vessels (Tiva_.) (Ta.lex.) tura_y-k-kat.t.ai a metallic vessel (Ta.lex.)

4772.Image: bottom of a vessel: tu_r bottom of a vessel (Tinn.)(Ta.lex.)

4773.Image: six: turi_ya fouth; a fourth, a quarter; the fourth state of the soul in which it has become one with the brahma or universal soul (Ka.lex.) Perh. turui six [as a fourth of the landing point in numeration: two twelve's on phalanges of of eight fingers (excluding the thumbs) of the two hands]. turi_ya fourth (RV. viii.5.7); turiyame_va tarhi va_n. niruktam vidis.yati: then Va_c will speak distinctly to the extent of one-fourth (S'Br.)(Vedic.lex.) Six: turui six (Santali.lex.) ti:ri (Remo.); ti:r (Gutob); tud.ru, turru six (Sora.); turur (Kurku); tiburu (Kharia); turu.i (Santali. Mundari. Mahle. Birhor. Dhangar. Kurku); tur-gi (Pareng); teru (Kuki Chin); taruk (Meithei); drug (Tibetan); tug (Byangsi)(Sora.lex.) Image: Numeral '6': *(t)sa_r-u [A remarkable confirmation that '6' was a landing point in numeration is provided by a compound form which means: half of six or three: kana_hi_ three-cornered file for sharpening saws (Si.); ka_nas file, saw (G.M); ka_nasn.e~ to file (M.) < kan 'joint' [twelve joints in four fingers] + as 'half'][cf. a~_k axle (G.); a_s, a~_s axle (M.); aka axle (S.); aks.a axle (RV.)(CDIAL 21). {Proto-Munda numeral '6': tVruX (i.e., tuXruX) or tVdruX (cf. Zide, op. cit., p.26.) [The re-construction of tVruX as the Proto-Munda '6' has to be distinguished from : Image: slanting: tiras'cata_ transversely (RV.); tiras'ca crossboard of bedstead (AV.); tiraccha-bhu_ta going wrong (Pali.); tiriccha, tiricchi, te_riccha, te_ricchia slanting, crosswise (Pkt.); tircha_va_ oblique, slanting (L.); tircha_ id. (P.H.); tircho, tercho, tyarch id. (Ku.); tercho, terso id. (N.); tircha_, tercha_ id. (B.); teracha, teracha_ id. (Or.); tiri_che crossways (OAw.); tirchu~ slanting (G.); tirsa_, tersa_ id. (M.); haras transverse (Si.); tra_su~ slanting, oblique (G.) < tara_ch balance?(CDIAL 5822). Image: balance: tara_cu balance (Tiruman. 2918); tara_su id. (Te.Ka.); tara_zu id. (U.)(Ta.lex.) Image: to straddle: tracdik to stand with legs separated, to straddle (Kho.); harahat.a athwart (Si.)(CDIAL 5822). cf. bagat.u to disjoin the legs, open the legs, straddle (Ka.)(DEDR 3818). tiriyan (Pali); tiryac (Vedic) transversely, horizontally (as opposed to vertically), slanting, across. (cf. tiras across (RV.); tiro_ across, beyond (Pali); tirka_, tirpa_ oblique (M.); tirikka slanting, crosswise (Pkt.); tirkas oblique (G.); tirka_, tirpa_ oblique (M.)(CDIAL 5823). tiryak across, obliquely (S'Br.); tiriyam across (Pali); tiria slanting, crosswise (Pkt.); tiryac oblique (AV.)(CDIAL 5825). Slanting: tre_d.d.a slanting, squinting (Skt.); t.red.o slanting, cross-eyed (S.); t.er.o cross, perverse (Ku.); slanting, squinting (N.); t.era_ crooked (A.); ter.a_ crooked (Or.); tred.au crooked (OG.); ted.u~ id. (G.); t.ed.u~ id. (G.); ted.a_ id. (M.); tid.a_ warped (M.); d.eur.ho crooked, crosswise (N.); teor.a_ id. (B.)(CDIAL 6071). t.e_ru slanting, crooked, squinting (Sh.); t.i_ra_ squinting (P.); t.eruwa_ squinting (A.); t.era_ crooked (A.); squinting (H.); t.era squinting (B.); t.era_ squinting (Or.); d.e_ra squinting (Pkt.); d.ero, d.er.o squinting (N.); d.era_ squinting (H.); d.hera_ squinting (H.)(CDIAL 5474). Image: squinting: t.agara squinting (Skt.); t.agra_ cross-eyed (H. ?< t.aggara)(CDIAL 5425). t.akkar pushing, knocking (P.)(CDIAL 5424). s're_d.a, s'rid.d.a, s're_d.ha, s're_d.d.ha slanting, squinting (Skt.) s.er.o blind in one eye (Pas'.); s.er.e blind (Wg.); s.ura, s.era blind (Dm.); s.e_r.a blind in one eye (Shum.); s.ir. blind (Kat..); s.e_r.o (Gaw.); s.e_^ra, s.e_a (Kal.); s.a_r, s.i_r (Bshk.); ser.o (Sv.); s.i_r.u (Phal.); s.evo (Sh.); ser.a_ having one eye smaller than the other, squinting (WH); s'ed.a_ the indistinct and shadowy appearance of an object seen by weak or short-sighted eyes or under deficient light (M.); ser.ha_, si_hr.a_ perverse, ignorant (P.); ser.ha bloodless, anaemic (Or.); ser.o having cataract in one eye (Ku.); ser.ho (WN.); ser.o squinting (N.); sid.d.a_ obstinacy (P.)(CDIAL 12717). Tusk: te_r-r-a tusk of a boar or young elephant (Ma.)(DEDR 3448). Image: curve of horn; rippling: tira wave (Ma.); tesk curve of horn (To.); tere wave (Ka.); tiraippu rippling (Ta.); tiraivu rolling as of waves (Ma.)(DEDR 3244). Curtain, veil: tiraya curtain, veil (Si.)(CDIAL 5825). tirai plait the ends of a cloth; to become wrinkled (Ta.); tera screen, curtain, wave (Te.)(DEDR 3244). tiria animals (OG.)(CDIAL 5825). The slanted line = a fraction: 1/4th: turya-va_h four-year old ox (VS. xviii.26; TS. iv.3.3.2); turi_ya fourth (RV > viii.5.2.7); one-fourth (S'Br.)(Vedic.lex.) turi_ya a quarter (AV.); turyaka id. (Pa_n.); turia fourth (Pkt.); truy^u votive oblations made on behalf of a woman on the fourth day after delivery (K.); turi_ya_ngula having 4 fingers; turya_s'ra four-cornered; turyavah cow four years old (Skt.)(CDIAL 5881). cf. tu:r-en as in unji-tu:r four times; unji tango:r four times (Sora.); a:di-tu:r how manytimes (Gutob); tu:ru (Te.)(Sora. lex.) turi_yaka (Ya_j.); turya (Pa_n..Va_rtt.)(CDIAL 5881). cf. turya < catura square court (CDIAL 4595)]. A possible integration of the two conepts of the 'fourth' turi_ya and 'six' tudru is that 'six' may interpreted as 'one-fourth' of a group in a duo-decimal series: '24' (2 four-finger breadths; vet. X 12 (gal) phalanges). The group '24' was, perhaps, later reduced to '20' ko_t.i or -kunr.i or kur.i impacted by the decimal numeration concept.] tir-am half, constituents, component parts (Ta.)(DEDR 3260) [posssibly half of '12', a landing point in numeration]. cf. caturam four-sided (Ta.lex.)

4774.Image: broom: turappai broom (Na_.); turappu to seek (Tan-ippa_. i.181,3)(Ta.lex.)

4775.Image: cowry: tu_ri small shell, cowry (W.); tu_r to be filled up (Kalit. 120); to be closed, choked up (Poruna. 10)(Ta.); tu_ruka (Ma.)(Ta.lex.)

4776.Image: sluice: tu_ri small outlet for irrigation (Ta.lex.)

4777.Image:menses: tu_ra-cu_lai obstruction of the menses, dysmenorrhoea (Ci_varat.. 124); tu_rakka_ri woman in her periods, as one that stays outside her house; tu_ram menstruation (Ta.lex.)

4778.Image: root, stump: tu_r root (Pin..); stump of a tree; bottom (Na_lat.i, 138); root-like formation about the stump of palmyras (Paripa_. 2,42)(Ta.lex.)

4779.Image: to uproot a tree: ter- to uproot a tree (Go.); ter-- (teRt-) to pluck out (Kond.a); ter- to extract (teeth), pluck (feathers); tarra_na_ to root up; tarr- to dig up; tar- to uproot, weed; teh- to pull out (plant from ground); tahka_na_ to uproot; te'k- to pull out (e.g. hair), pluck (feathers); tahk- to pull out (hair); tah- to pick (fruit)(Go.)(DEDR 3442). ut.kau to uproot (Santali.lex.) uddhr. to uproot (Skt.lex.)

4780.Dock for ships; irrigation well: turavu sultan-, large well for irrigation purposes (S.I.I. ii,509); well made by excavating sand, unwalled well (Ta.); turavu-va_rakam loan for sinking a well (R.T.); cf. va_rakamu (Te.)(Ta.lex.) turavu a large well (Ma.); doravi, dorau id. (Te.); doravu id., a tank, a dock for ships (Te.)(DEDR 3341); Islet in a river: tu_rvai-k-ka_ran- sole proprietor of the soil about a well (Ta.lex.) tur-ai place, location, situation, way, path (as of justice), branch, section, category; seaport, harbour, roadstead, sea, river, place where washermen wash clothes, bathing ghat, frequented place, place of meeting; proper arrangement, codification (Ta.); tur-a frequented place, rendezvous, harbour, place for washing clothes, natural pond or cavern (Ma.); tode river (Kor.); tor-e a stream, river (Ka.); tude id. (Tu.) (DEDR 3370). Islet: tur-ai-k-kur-ai ait (Pa_rata. Campava. 6); turutti ait, islet in a river (Tirumuru. 223); tur-avai open ground, plain (Ta.); tur-ai seaport, harbour, roadstead; sea (Maturaik. 85); river (Ta.); tur-ai ghat, bathing ghat (Man.i. 1,65); frequented place, place of meeting, rendezvous (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) turutti island (Ma.)(DEDR 3344). tur-ai-mur..ukku ceremonial river-bath of women in the month of Aippaci (Ta.); tur-ai-mukam harbour, seaport (Cilap. 6,154, Urai); seaport town; tur-ai-y-at.ukka-p-pit.i to sail toward port; to anchor in or near the harbour; tur-ai-pit.i to touch at a port, gain the haven; tur-ai-ka_rar agents, accountants and other servants of a temple (Ta.lex.)

4781.Articles of enjoyment: tur-r-avai articles of enjoyment (Tiruva_ca. 3,137)(Ta.); tur-r-ar those who eat (Te_va_. 204,9); tur-r-u-tal to eat (Akana_. 36); tuttu (Ka.); tur-r-u boiled rice, food (Pu. Ve. 10,4); tuttu (Ka.); tur-uval eating (Pin..); enjoyment of the senses, experience (Ja_n-a_. 34,6)(Ta.lex.)

4782.History: tur-ai history (Kampara_. Mi_t.ci. 255); tur-aippe_ccu vulgar dialect, provicialism; vernacular (W.)(Ta.lex.) Family; herd: tur-uval thronging, crowding (Ta.lex.) tir-am, tir-an- a herd of 80 sheep, 80 cows and 80 buffaloes (Kan.akkati. 19); party, side (Kalit. 42); history (Man.i. 12,27); family (Ci_vaka. 548); relations (Ci_vaka. 2071); multitude, crowd (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 6,1,3)(Ta.lex.) tun-n-iya_r friends, relations, adherents (Na_lat.i, 167); tun-n-in-ar id. (Kampara_. Ve_l.vi. 28); tun-n-unar, tun-r-unar id. (Ta.lex.)

4783.Image: to seize with the mouth: tur-r-u-tal to seize with mouth (Kal.avar..i. 28); tur-r-u ball of boiled rice, as a mouthful (Na_lat.i, 190); crowd, multitude (Pin.); tutta id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.)

4784.Ground adjacent to a well: tu_r dregs, mud (Kampara_. Na_t.t.u. 6); rubbish at the bottom of a well; tu_rvai-k-ka_ran- sole proprietor of the soil about a well; cleaner of wells; tu_rva_ri id.; tu_rvu closing up, filling up as of a well with rubbish; tu_rva_ru-tal to clean out, as a well; tu_rvai ground adjacent to a well; loosened earth from digging or poloughing; rubbish such as dry sticks, straws, dry leaves etc.; accumulation of rubbish in a well (Tiv. Iyar-. Tiruvirut. 12, Vya_. 85)(Ta.lex.) turavu-mur..uku-tal to sink a well by gradually lowering a curb (W.)(Ta.lex.)

4785.Image: dregs; to be filled up: tr to fill (Pr.); atipu_ryati becomes full (MBh.)(CDIAL 5815). tu_r (-v-, -nt-) to be filled up, be closed, choked up; (-pp-, -tt-) to fill up, close up as a well, choke up as a pit, hide, cover; n. rubbish at the bottom of a well, dregs, mud; tu_rvu filling up, closing up as of a well with rubbish; tu_rvai accumulation of rubbish in a well, loosened earth from digging or ploughing, rubbish such as dry sticks, straws, dy leaves, etc.; tu_ral filling up (Ta.); tu_ruka to be filled up as a well; tu_rkka to fill up; tuvaruka to be filled up, as wells, etc. (Ma.); cu_rna_ to get obstructed, blocked up as a rat-hole, pipe, etc.; cu_rta'a_na_ to obstruct, block up (Kur.)(DEDR 3390).

4786.Fort: durga impassable (AV.); difficult passage, danger (RV.); dugga difficult to pass or enter (Pali.Pkt.); fort (Pali.Pkt.); dru_g ravine (Phal.)(CDIAL 6429). durga_ wife of S'iva (MBh.); durga_ de_vi_ (TA_r.); dugga_ (Pkt.); du_gi_ contemptuous village term for Durga_ (B.)(CDIAL 6432). dugga, durga difficult of access or approach; a strong-hold, fort (Ka.lex.) dugga a difficult road (Pali.lex.) turukkam mountain fortress, stronghold, fastness (Iraku. Ma_laiyi_. 113); rampart (Ta.); tukkai Durga_ (S.I.I. i,91)(Ta.lex.) Goddess: turkkai, turkka_-te_vi Durga_ (Pu. Ve. 1,20, Urai.; Cilap. 6,58, Arum.)(Ta.lex.) turkkam fortress, hill-fort, stronghold (palama_na turkkamum : Pu. Ve. 1,20, Urai)(Ta.lex.) < durga. turkkai Durga_, goddess of the desert tract; consort of S'iva; turkkai mara-k-ka_lin me_nin r.a_t.ina_l. : Cilap. 6,58, Arum.); the 11th naks.atra, pu_rana_l. (Ta.lex.) turka_ navami a festival in honour of Durga_ in the bright half of Ka_rttikai (Ta.lex.)

4787.Image: hill: turuvam hill, fortress (W.); cf. durga (Skt.); tur-ukal hillock (Ain:kur-u. 210); rock (Ain:kur-u. 239)(Ta.lex.)

4788.Mountain, jungle: turukka-ve_mpu mountain neem; turukkam forest, jungle (Pin..) (Ta.lex.)

4790.Tax: tir-ai tribute (Cilap. 25,36); tir-a id. (Ma.); ter-a id. (Ka.); terige id. (Tu.); tir-ai-y-al.attal to pay tribute (Pu. Ve. 10,3); tirai-k-ka_cu an ancient tax (I.M.P.Cg. 1068)(Ta.lex.) ter-u-porul. indemnity, tribute; tir-ai tribute; (inscr.)(Ta.lex.) ti_rvai-c-carakku dutiable goods (Ta.lex.) ti_rvaija_sti additional assessment made on dry lands for raising wet crops on them (C.G.)(Ta.); ter-ige, ter-age, ter-ege tribute, tax; ter-ige ettu to levy taxes (Ka.); ter-ige kat.t.u to assess or impose a tax; ter-ige kod.u to pay taxes; ter-ige bid.u to free from or quit taxes; ter-isu to cause to pay, as taxes, fines (Ka.); ter-u, ter- to pay; pp. tettu (Ka.); ter-uvike paying etc.; ter-e tribute, tax (Ka.); tir-ai (Ta.); tir-e (Ma.); ter-edir- to pay tribute or taxes (Ka.lex.) tirvo, tirvya_ tribute (Kon.lex.) ti_rpu judgement, settlement, conclusion; ti_rve land assessment; ti_rma_no judgement, conclusion, settlement (Tu.lex.) ter-age kod.u to pay taxes; ter-age dore taxes to be got or to accrue; ter-age bi_r..u taxes to be laid upon or to be levied (Ka.lex.) tir-appu assessed lands (Ta.); tir-a tribute, taxes; an offering, an inferior feast (Ma.); ter- (tet--) to pay (debt)(Ko.); tel- (tet--) to pay (fine, debt); ter- a fine, compensation paid in buffaloes to man whose wife is taken by another (To.); ter-u (tett-) to pay; ter-uvike paying; ter-isu, tettisu to cause to pay (as taxes, fines, etc.); ter-e, ter-age, ter-ige, ter-ege tribute, tax; tir-(u) to exchange, barter, pay, offer, present, give; ter-a price paid for a wife; ter-avu id., tribute, tax (Ka.); terig taxes; tirmuru exchange (Tu.); ter-e a kind of tax (Te.inscr.); tera_na_ to repay (Go.); tehpa- (teht-) to repay, return, make restitution; n. restitution, repaying (Kui)(DEDR 3441). taravu tax (Kuruparam. 115); tax-gathering, collectiong; taravu giving, handing over (Akana_. 338); tir-appu assessed lands; ti_rvai duty, tax, toll; ti_rve id. (Tu.); ti_ruva id. (Te.); ti_ruve id. (Ka.); ti_rvai-k-kammi remission granted on irrigable lands when dry crop is cultivated (C.G.); ti_rvai-t-tur-ai custom-house;; ti_rvai-p-par-r-u lands held on condition of paying a fixed money assessment irrespective of the crop, opp. to va_ra-p-par-r-u; tir-appu open, unfortified place (S.I.I. i,163); terapi id. (Te.); ter-apu id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) tir-, tirda_ to pay; tirnauar causes to pay (Gypsy); tirn.i_ a kind of fee or tax (L.); tirnu to pay back; caus. tira_unu (L.); ti_rayati finishes (Dha_tup.); ti_rita finished (Mn.); ti_re_ti accomplishes (Pali); ti_re_i, ti_rai finishes (Pkt.); ti_rai is able (Pkt.); ti_lita-dam.d.a_nam. of those on whom judgment has been passed (As'.)(CDIAL 5844). tirnauar causes to pay (Gypsy); tirda to pay (Gypsy); ati_rn.a endless (RV.)(CDIAL 5844). Gift; assessment: teritti:n a gift, donation, a payment, quit rent, etc. (Sora.); teritti:na:n, terti:na:n an assessment; payment made by every householder to the chief; teritti (tij with inf. er redupl.) to make a donation, to give a boon, or gift; as in teritti:-run-en rice dole; teri-jum-en (tij with inf. er + jum-en) the place where bait is put in the trap set for wild beasts (Sora.) Settlement: ti_rppu settlement, judgement, determination (Ma.); ti_rma_nam settlement, conclusion, judgement (Ma.); ti_ru settlement, discharge of a claim upon land (Ma.); ti_r to pay off (as debt), settle (dispute)(Ta.); to be paid, be settled (Ka.); ti_rike settlement (Ka.); ti_rma_na settlement, decision (Ka.); ti_rpuni to settle, pay off (debt)(Tu.); ti.rc to settle (Ko.); bring to an agreement (To.); ti_rpu, ti_rupu decree, settlement, decision (Te.)(DEDR 3278). ti_rpari judge (Te.)(DEDR 3278). ti_rvai duty, tax, toll (Ta.); ti_ruva (Te.); ti_ruve (Ka.); ti_rve (Tu.); ti_rvai-c-carakku dutiable goods; ti_rvai-ca_tam rice-offering in a temple made at mid-night; ti_rvai-t-tur-ai custom-house (Ta.); ti_rvai-p-par-r-u lands held on condition of paying a fixed money assessment irrespective of the crop, opp. to va_ra-p-par-r-u; ti_rvai-et.u to levy or collect duty (Ta.lex.) ti_r to finish, complete, to pay off (as debt)(Ta.); ti_rpu settlement, decision (Ka.)(DEDR 3278). tiru-muka-k-ka_n.am an ancient tax (S.I.I.ii,521); expenses as wages, etc. payable to the person who brings the royal order to a village (Ta.)(SITI.IEG.) tiru-mukam royal order (Ta.)(SITI.IEG.); id., letter from a great person; divine presence (Ta.lex.) Discharge of a claim on land; settlement: ti_r to be settled (as a quarrel); ti_rppu settlement, judgement (Ta.); ti_ru settlement, discharge of a claim upon land (Ma.); ti.r to be settled (To.); ti_ra, ti_ru settlement (Ka.); ti_rpari, ti_rupari judge (Te.)(DEDR 3278). isthir settled (Santali.lex.) t.hervu~ to decide (G.); t.harvu~ to be decided, be firm (G.); thir, thiro firm, steadfast (N.); thir (A.B.); firm (P.); sthiri_-bhavati becomes firm (R.); ther, thyor^u firm; thiri firm, fixed, permanent (K.); thira solid, firm (Pali.Pkt.); sthira firm, durable (RV.)(CDIAL 13771). Settlement: te_r-u-kat.ai settlement, decision (Ta.); te_rugad.a (Te.); te_rugad.e (Ka.); te_r-u to decide (Kampara_. Ma_ya_ci_tai. 89); to unite with, arrive at (Kur-al., 876); te_r-u-mukam support, comfort (Kantapu. Te_varkal.po_r-. 4)(Ta.lex.) t.harn.e~ to be settled (M.); t.harvu~ to become fixed, be settled (M.); tharia upright (Pkt.); tharai stops, stays (OMarw.); t.ha_rn.o to determine (Ku.)(CDIAL 13742). tari (-pp-, -tt-) to stop, stand still, rest, abide, stand firm, be firm, bear patiently, endure; n. abiding, tarrying, rest; tarippu staying, abiding, remaining, enduring, tolerating, etc. (Ta.); tarahara staying, exercise of patience, forbearance; taraharisu to be or become quiet or patient, be able to endure with patience, bear patiently, hold out patiently (Ka.); tariyuni to stay, stop, tarry, delay (Tu.)(DEDR 3094). stabhi rigidity (Skt.); t.haharun to become fixed, stay (K.); thairn.o to wait (Ku.); t.haharnu to stand firm, stop (N.); t.hahara settled; t.hahariba_ (Or.); t.haharna_ to stop, decide (H.); t.harn.e~ to be settled (G.); t.hervu~ to be settled, stay (G.)(CDIAL 13680). Frost;firm; to be decided: thar rendered stiff by want of motion (A.); t.har frost (P.); tharro firm (NB.); thar steadiness, patience (A.)(CDIAL 13741). thirna_ to freeze (H.); t.hihiro very cold (N.); t.hit.hirna_ to freeze (H.); t.hir extreme cold, frost (H.); t.hirna_ to freeze (H.); t.harvu~ to congeal, freeze, be cold (G.)(CDIAL 13771). thi_jvu~ to thicken from cold, congeal (G.); thijn.e~ to coagulate (M.)(CDIAL 13772). tiri-tal to change in quality; to become sour, as milk; tiri-ttal to change, alter, vary (Man.i. 23,39)(Ta.); tirikka (Ma.)(Ta.lex.)

4791.Image: seven: tirai seven, a slang term (E.T. ii,96)(Ta.lex.) turaga the number seven, because of the seven horses of the sun (Ka.lex.) [Poss. an ancient landing point in numeration was six, counting on the joints of the fingers; after six joints are counted on the little and ring fingers, to complete the enumeration of six units, the two fingers are folded down; hence, perhaps the next series starts with a term semant. 'ripple' or tirai; alternaively, 'to open' the next series: ter-e.] An alternative interpretation: one unit of tribute, tir-ai, paid for every six units, i.e. tirai constitutes the seventh unit?

4792.Image: interstice: ter-apu, ter-avu, ter-ahu, terpu opening; an opening, a gap; an interval, an interstice; ter-apugud.u to give cessation, i.e. to cease; ter-avi opening; ter-ave opening; becoming manifest, appearance (Ka.lex.) tavukka_r curves of a cornice; interstices between the bricks of a wall (Ta.lex.) Image: split: trith, tr^ath, tr^atas slit, rent, fissure (K.)(CDIAL 5922). tr.d split (Skt.); tr.n.atti splits open, sets free (RV.); tad.ai spreads (Pkt.); tar. to flay (Wg.); t.rir.an.u to open (S.); trir.an. to blossom, expand (L.); tir.na_ to be split, crack through dryness, be proud (P.); t.rir.kan.u to crack, split, itch (S.)(CDIAL 5925). tr.dila making fissures (for release of water)(RV.); trer. crack in soil (L.); tarer., tarer, ter. crack, crevice (P.); t.l.ir. crack in soil or wood (WPah.); ti_d. crack, fissure in ground (M.)(CDIAL 5926). tr.n.atti splits (RV.); tinnh^ana_ to prick (P.)(CDIAL 5927). t.rar.kan.u to split (S.)(CDIAL 5722). tir-a (-pp-, -nt-) to cut open; tir-appu open, unfortified place; cleft, opening; tir-avu opening, unveiling; open space (Tiruva_ca. 37,6)(Ta.lex.) tur-appu a key (Ta.); tur-appu opening (Ma.); terv- (terd-) to open (door, etc.)(Ko.); ter-a an opening, clearing; ter-apu, ter-ahu opening, an opening, gap, an interval, interstice (Ka.); ter-avu opening; ter-ave opening; ter-e make open; opening (Ka.); tora- (torap-, torand-) to open (Kod..); ter-a open (Te.); terapu space, room; jappuni to open (Tu.); ter-api intermission, break (Te.); tari_ta_na_ (doors) to be open (Go.); tari_- to open (eyes, mouth, door etc.)(Go.)(DEDR 3259). tirbe, sirbe a piece, chip, splinter (Tu.lex.)

4794.Image: haste: tara_turi haste, speed (Tu.lex.) tarati [tvarate, pp. tvarita; also turati, turayati to turn round, move quickly; cf. OHG. dweran = Eng. twirl; Lat. trua = Ger. quirl twirling-stick; Lat. torqueo, turba, Ger. sturen, zerstoren, Eng. storm] to be in a hurry, to make haste; tarama_na hurriedly (Pali.lex.) taran.i energetic (taran.irij jayati ks.e_ti pus.yati : the energetic alone conquers, rules and thrives (RV. vii.32.9); taras strength, zeal, velocitty, quickness, speed (RV. i.33.12); taru quick (RV. v.44.5)(Vedic.lex.)

4795.Image: to run: turai < tvara_ quickness, speed, haste (Cat.ako_paran. 47) (Ta. lex.) dru run (Skt.); dra_pe_ti causes to run (S'Br.); da_pe_ti (Pali); dra_ run (Skt.); dru run (Skt.)(CDIAL 6631). drava running (RV.); dava id. (Pali) dra_ti runs (RV.); dhra_ti goes (Naigh.); ja_n.o~ to go; ja_ it is necessary (WPah.); drakun to run (K.); d.rakan.u to trot roughly (S.); dra_v come out; pp. of ne_run (K.)(CDIAL 6630). durwa_na to drive away (D..); dra_vayati causes to run (RV.); drives away (MBh.)(CDIAL 6634). dravati runs (RV.); dei to run (D..); dorun to run (K.); daur.nu, do_r.un^u, daur.n.o_ (K.); d.ror.an.u to run, gallop (S.); drr.an, dr.an. to run (L.); daur.n.a_ (P.); do_ur.n.a_ (WPah.); daur.an.o to run, hunt (Ku.); da_uriba to run (A.); daur.a_ (B.); dar.iba_ (Or.); daurab (Aw.); daur.na_ (H.); daur.ab (Mth.); daur.nu (N.); dor.n.o (Marw.); dor.vu~ (G.); davad.n.e~, daud.n.e~ (M.); d.rokan.u to gallop; d.rukan.u to run (S.); drukkan., drukan., durkan. to run; dhrukkan. (L.); dugurnu (N.)(CDIAL 662). dra_va speed, flight (Skt.); dra_van.a putting to flight (MBh.)(CDIAL 6633). tur-appu separation, parting (Kalit. 10)(Ta.lex.) turaki-nad.ike a horse's trot; turaki a Turkish horse (Ka.); turiki (Te.); turaga going quickly: a horse (Ka.); tura quick, swift (Ka.); turan:ga-vadana horse-faced: a kinnara; turata, turita, turuta, turta, turtu smartly, quickly; haste, urgency (Ka.); turu_ta, turta, tu_rta (H.M.)(Ka.lex.) tura_s.a_h-, tura_s.a_t. quickly overpowering: Indra (Ka.lex.) tur-u running (Ka.lex.) druta run, flown; runnina away; rushed at, attacked; quick, swift (Skt.Ka.); dra_va, da_va running, flowing; flight; speed, gowing quickly (Ka.); dra_vaka causing to run (Ka.); dravan.a running; flight; drava running; quick motion; flight (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Quick: {Echo word} tur-u-tur-uv-en-al, turu-turuv-en-al, turu-tur-en-al expr. signifying restlessness, impatience, state of being always in motion; tututuru (-pp-, -tt-) to be fidgety, restless, quiver (as the lips or tongue through desire to speak), be in great haste; turuturuppu restlessness, impatience, haste (Ta.); turuturu swiftly, quickly; turuta, turita, turta, turtu swiftness, haste; quick, swift (Tu.); tur-utu haste, quickness (Te.); tur-r-u haste; tora-pad.u to hasten (Te.)(DEDR 3368). tura adj. [Vedic. tura; cf. tvaran.a] swift, quick; only in composition with -ga i.e. turaga going swiftly denoting the horse; turati = tarati to be in a hurry, to be quick, hasten; pp. turia; turita pp. of turati hastening, speedy, quick; hastily, in a hurry; aturita leisurely, with leisure, slow (Pali.lex.) turakam horse (Tiv. Iyar-. 3,47)(Ta.lex.) turaka-me_tam a Ve_dic sacrifice, acuvame_tam (Uttarara_. Acuva. 8)(Ta.lex.) tur.uk tur.uk trippingly, with short and quick steps (Santali.lex.) turya_ speed (TS. ii.2.12.4); turan. quick, speeding (RV. i.121.5); turga_tu going quickly (RV. i.164.30); tur running a race, racing (RV. i.112.4); turan.yati goes rapidly (RV. iv.40.4); turan.yu quick, swift (RV. i.134.5); turayant showing speed or haste (RV. viii.99.6; VS. xxxiii.67); turaya_ going quickly (RV. i.134.5); drava running (as a horse)(RV. iv.40.1); drabh to run; drava-cakra having swift heels (RV. viii.34.18); dravat swiftly (RV. i.2.5); dravara running (RV. iv.40.2); dravitr. runner (RV. vi.12.3); dra_pe_ causes to run (TS. iv.5.10.1); dru to run (RV. ii.30.3; TS. iv.4.4.4)(Vedic.lex.) Melting: dravi melting (RV. vi.3.4); drapas semen, drop (RV. vii.33.1); Soma-juice (RV. x.11.4); drafsa run (Av.); drapsin falling in drops (RV. i.64.2)(Vedic.lex.) Image: drips: dhvarati causes to fall, bends (RV.); d.halai falls, drips (Pkt.); d.haran.u to descend, run down, pour in (of water)(S.); d.halan. to decline, flow down a slope (L.); d.haln.a_ to be poured out, fall, melt (P.); d.haln.u_ to fall (WPah.); d.haln.o (Ku.); d.harab to empty (the bucket at a well)(Bi.); to flow, drop, hang down (Mth.); d.harai flows down, falls, melts (OAw.); d.halai falls, declines (OMarw.); d.hal.vu~ to slip, be poured out (G.); d.ha_lai throws down, makes nod (Pkt.); d.ha_lan.a_ to pour, throw, melt (P.); d.ha_liba to pour (A.); d.ha_la_ (B.); d.ha_l.iba_ (Or.); d.ha_rab (Mth.); d.ha_ral (Bhoj.); d.ha_rna_, d.ha_lna_ (H.)(CDIAL 5581). d.a_ln.o to throw, pour, put in (Ku.); d.a_rab to throw (Mth.); d.a_rai throws, puts away (OAw.); d.a_lna_ to pour, put, scatter, destroy; caus. d.ala_na_, d.ala_u rubbish (H.); d.a_l.n.e~ to pile up orderly; d.a_l. pile (M.); d.a_rn.a_ to throw (P.); d.a_rna_ = d.a_lna_ (H.)(CDIAL 5545). ta_rai downpour of rain (Pin..); stream as of water (Tiruva_ca. 7,15)(Ta.lex.) ta_r-t-tayilam creosote, oily fluid distilled from wood-tar; ta_r < English: liquid or wood tar, pitch, pix liquido (Modern)(Ta.lex.) Stream: dha_ra stream in: dha_ra-pu_ta (RV.); adj. streaming down (Sus'r.); heavy rain (Skt.); dha_ra_ flood, stream (RV.); dha_ra spring water (Pkt.); dar flowing rapidly (Kho.); dha_ra_ stream, current (P.); dha_ro spring (Ku.); spring, stream (e.g. of tears)(Ku.); dha_r heavy rain (H.); dha_la_ stream, current (H.); dha_re~ hole in roof or wall for smoke (M.); dha_ra_ hole in pitcher (M.); stream, current (Pali); stream, rain (Pkt.); da_r stream of falling liquid (K.); dar swift water in river (Kho.); dha_ra stream, current (S.); dha_r, pl. dha_ra_ stream (esp. of milk); dha_r current (L.); stream, current (P.); nak-dha_r nose-bleeding (WPah.); dha_r flow of water (Ku.); current (A.B.); dha_ra (Or.); dha_r (Mth.); dha_ra spring, stream (OAw.); dha_r stream, current, flow of milk from cow (H.); current (G.M.); diya-dara in the flow of ther waters (OSi.); daraya torrent, heavy rain (Si.)(CDIAL 6788).

4797.Image: quarrelling: turphi contentious, given to quarrelling; a faction, party; tupun the reciprocal form of tun; to shoot at each other with bows and arrows; hulreko tupunena in the rebellion they shot at each other with bows and arrows (Santali.lex.)

4798.To press: tirge to press, shampoo (Malt.); tirakkuka to press (Ma.); tirakku pressing (Ma.); tirxna_ to press with the foot upon anything lying on the ground (Kur.); refl. pass. tirxrna_; caus. tirxta'a_na_ (Kur.)(DEDR 3243). tikkane pressing on (Ma.)(DEDR 3209). ti_na_ to turn on one's heels over a few grains of scalded paddy to see if it has become sufficiently dry to husk, make pirouettes (Kur.) (DEDR 3246). tir-ro to level with the ground; to cover up a pit with earth; to be covered; to be closed (Sora.) Pressing for juice; image: to be refined; to fall in drops: nistarati comes forth (MBh.); nittharati comes out (Pali); n.ittharai comes through; n.itthare_i caus. (Pkt.); nitran. to be refined; nitrun. to be separated (L.); nittarna_ to go aside, be squeezed, be clarified; nittharna~_ to be distilled (P.); nitrn.u to dry by letting drop (WPah.); nitarn.o, nitharn.o to fall in drops, drip, leak (Ku.); nitalnu to continue pressing for juice after juice has been extracted (N.); nitala_ni free from dregs (B.); nitharna_ to be made clear (H.); nitarvu~ to ooze, settle (G.); nitarn.e~, nitharn.e~ to run off (of liquids); nital., nithal. clear, limpid (M.)(CDIAL 7528). nita_v unassayed by fire (M.)(CDIAL 7530). nitran. that which has oozed out (G.)(CDIAL 7527). nita_ran. to skim, decant, pour off; nita_run. to be clarified (L.); nita_rn.a_ to clarify (P.); nata_rna_ (P.); nita_rn.o, nitha_rn.o to set free, drain off, distil (Ku.); nita_rnu to press the last juice out; nitha_rnu to pour right out (N.); nita_rna_, nitha_rna_ to draw off, purify (H.); nita_rvu~ to make settle or ooze (G.)(CDIAL 7532). nisti_rn.a rescued, escaped (MBh.); n.itthin.n.a (Pkt.); nitri_a_ limpid, clear (L.); n.ittharia pp. of n.ittharai (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7533). nizmerik to pronounce clearly, make clear, distinguish, separate (Kho.)(CDIAL 7525).

4799.Image: to protrude, bulge: turuttu (turutti-) to bulge, protrude; thrust out; turuntu (turunti-) to enlarge, as a hole or cavity (Ta.); tur-ikka to project, protrude; tur-ippikka to press out (Ma.)(DEDR 3369). Image: waterskin: turutti < dr.ti skin, leather; bellows (Akana_. 224); id. (Ma.); leathern bag or bottle for carrying water, leather bag (Te_va_. 953); id. (Ma.); a kind of bag for sprinkling water (Kampara_. Ma_ri_ca. 14); bass-pipe, made of the entire skin of a sheep or goat with two pipes, one to blow with and the other to let out air; stomach; turutti-p-pa_n.am leathern bag filled with gunpowder used as a rocket; turutti-k-kur..a_y nozzle of bellows; turutti-k-kur..ar--p-pan.n.ai id.; tur-uttal to stuff, press or crowd into a bag or box (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) dr.ti skin of leather, leather bag, hide, bellows (RV.); dii, dai waterskin (Pkt.); dri_ inflated goatskin (Dm.); lyri_ skin bag (Gaw.); dril inflated goatskin (Kal.); driu, obl. dri_lu_na (Kal.); darai~_ inflated buffalo-skin used as a float (P.); dril (Kho.); dr^hil (Phal.); dryu_r^u, dru_r^u, dru_l^u skin of men or animals (K.); dar.i_ sinew, tendon, cord, string; dar.a_ rope (B.); daid.a leather ball (OG.); der.o (G.); del skin (of body), rind, husk (K.)(CDIAL 6511). da_rte_ya derived from skin (Pa_n..); jataie large skin bag for keeping clean rice in (Sh.)(CDIAL 6303). Boat: daiya-dr.ti a leather bag; a goat-skin was also used to cross a river; the crossing of river Sindhu by Sovereign king Bharata was with the assistance of his 'skin-jewel' which shaped into a boat; the ships bore special names; e.g. the daughters of king Pan.d.usena of Pa_n.d.umahura_ made a sea-voyage to Saurashtra by ship called Va_rivr.s.abha (Jain.Skt.) dr.ti, titti, tidi a leather bag for holding liquids; a pair of bellows, a bellows (Ka.lex.)

4800.Image: bugle-horn; bellows: tuttari a bugle-horn (Kampara_. Kan:kaip. 30)(Ta.); tuta_ra (Te.); tuttari-k-kompu a kind of bugle-horn (Ci_vaka. 434, Urai.); tutta_ri long, straight pipe (Ta.Ka.Ma.); tuta_ra (Te.); tutti bass-pipe (Ta.); titti (Ka.)' turutti bellows (Akana_. 224)(Ta.); id. (Ma.); < dr.ti (Skt.); skin, leather (Skt.)(Ta.lex.) tutu_ri, tutta_ri, tuttu_ri a long trumpet (Ka.); tuta_ri_ (M.); titti a leather bag; a bag in general (Ka.Te.)(Ka.lex.) d.ond.a (Sadani. Oraon.) a kind of buguli, a money bag, made of cloth, one yard long and 2" broad, and worn tied round the waist (Mundari.lex.) turutti skin, leather (Pin..); bellows (Akana_. 224) (Ta.); id. (Ma.); leather bag (Te_va_. 953,4); ait, islet in a river (Tirumuru. 223)(Ta.lex.)

4801.Valley, glen; tract at the foot of hills: du_n valley, tract at the foot of hills (H.); den.iya valley, glen (Si.); do_n.i_ hollow dug in the ground (Pali); big pond (Pkt.); du_n. tract between two ridges, valley (P.); du_n.i_ valley (P.); dun foothills of Himalayas (N.); don valley (H.)(CDIAL 6644). cf. dha_n, da_n hillside (Phal.)(CDIAL 6724). Valley: donna_ a country lying between two streams (P.); name of part of the country in the Jullundar Doab (P.); don junction of two rivers, land between two rivers (H.)(CDIAL 6598). dunaya_ junction of two rivers (H.)(CDIAL 6408).

4802.Proprietor of soil; islet in a river: tu_rvai-k-ka_ran- sole proprietor of the soil about a well (Ta.lex.) dr.daka hole in the ground for cooking (Skt.); dr.ka hole (Skt.); der.u valley (Sh.)[cf. dehra_du_n name of a place at the foot of a mountain](CDIAL 6510). turutti island (Ma.)(DEDR 3344). Irrigation well: turavu sultan-, large well for irrigation urposes (S.I.I. ii,509); well made by excavating sand, unwalled well (Ta.); turavu-va_rakam loan for sinking a well (R.T.); cf. va_rakamu (Te.)(Ta.lex.) turavu a large well (Ma.); doravi, dorau id. (Te.); doravu id., a tank, a dock for ships (Te.)(DEDR 3341); tur-ai-pat.ital to bathe in a river (Cilap. 18,5)(Ta.lex.) tur-ai-mur..ukku ceremonial river-bath of women in the month of Aippaci; tur-ai-mukam harbour, seaport (Cilap. 6, 154, Urai); seaport town; tur-ai-y-at.ukka-p-pit.i to sail toward port; to anchor in or near the harbour; tur-ai-pit.i to touch at a port, gain the haven; tur-ai-ka_rar agents, accountants and other servants of a temple (Ta.lex.) Ford; ferryman: tu_ha ford (Pkt.); tut.ha_yatana_ni abodes of suitable recipients (As'.); thu_rt ford (Kho.Kal.); turt id. (Phal.); tut.ha, tot.ha ford, landing or bathing place (Or.); tot.a ford, ferry, landing place (Si.); tot.iya_ ferryman (Si.); tot.u heretical (Si.)(CDIAL 5903). tura ford (Skt.); tur ford (Kt.)(CDIAL 5875). tara carrying across (Pa_n..gan.a)(CDIAL 5696); crossing, passage (RV.); road (Skt.); tar path (L.); ku_r-ter, a_bo_-ter ford (Ash.); ao-ter (Kt.); tara_ fordableness (B.); tari_ journey by water (P.G.M.); turu journey (Si.)(CDIAL 5695). cf. tar ferry boat, raft (G.M.); tari boat (Pali.Pkt.); raft of pots (S.); boat, raft (Or.)(CDIAL 5696). Ferryman: ta_rya_ ferryman (M.); ta_rin enabling to cross (MBh.); ta_rika ferryman (Vis.n.uP.)(CDIAL 5799). cf. To cross: a_r. to cross; ar.ip- (ar.it-) to make to cross (Pa.); ahka_na_, ahaka_na_ to cross, pass over; ahk gar.m on the other side (Go.)(DEDR 289). ti_rtha ford, steps to a river, place of pilgrimage (RV.); tittha ford, descent to a river, landing place (Pkt.Pali); tithu place of residence, end (S.)(CDIAL 5846). River bank: ti_ra shore, bank (Skt.Pkt.Pali.); id. (OAw.OMarw.); ti_r river bank (K.); ti_ru shore, bank (S.); ti_r id. (Ku.); id. (Mth.H.); id. (G.M.); tir id. (N.A.B.); tira id. (Or.); tera (Si.)(CDIAL 5842). Islet: tur-ai-k-kur-ai ait (Pa_rata. Campava. 6); turutti ait, islet in a river (Tirumuru. 223); tur-avai open ground, plain (Ta.); tur-ai seaport, harbour, roadstead; sea (Maturaik. 85); river (Ta.); tor-e river (Ka.); tur-ai ghat, bathing ghat (Man.i. 1,65); frequented place, place of meeting, rendezvous (Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

4803.Image: throw in the game of dice: turutti a throw in the game of dice (Kantapu. Cuyamukan-ur-. 167)(Ta.lonex.)

4804.Image: spying: turavu spying; turital to search after (Tiruman. 2454); turuvu searching (Ta.Ka.); turuvutal to seek, enquire into, search out, trace, pursue (Kur-al., 929); turumu id. (Te.); tur-avu private affairs, secrets (Ci_tak. 41)(Ta.lex.) tirakku (tirakki-) to search, inquire (Ta.); tirayuka, tirakkuka to sek; tiraccal a search; tirayikka to cause a search to be made (Ma.)(DEDR 3242). turuvu (turuvi-) to seek, inquire into, search out, trace, pursue; n. searching; turuval searching; turu-p-pit.i to detect, trace, search; turappu (turappi-) to seek; tuppu spying, investigation, sign, trace, evidence, as of a crime; tumpu-po_t.u to probe, spy out; turnutu (turunti-) to explore, examine (Ta.); tubbu to point out a thief or spy out a thief and make him known; be found out or discovered; n. state of being found out or detected (Ka.); tubbu discovery of stolen property, detection as of an offence (Tu.)(DEDR 3347).

4805.Image: bush: tu_r-u bushes, shrubbery, thick underwood, jungle (Ta.); tu_r-i to become busy, sprout forth, become shaggy and rough (Ta.); tu.r bushy bunch of leaves of tree (Ko.); branch, with leaves, leafy part of a tree; (in songs) bushes (To.); to_r-u thicket, bush (Kond.a)(DEDR 3401).

4806.Old: terke_ old (of clothes); traga destitute (Kt.); t.ag ill, sick (Pr.); traka old, worn (of clothes)(Dm.); daka, dag old (Gaw.); tra_ka weak (Kal.)(CDIAL 5617). tac contract (Skt.); tanakti contracts (Dha_tup.); tajan.u to wrap in swaddling clothes; tajan.u, tajan.o swaddling clothes (S.)(CDIAL 5628). toy (-v-, -nt-) to languish, pine, grow weak, be weary, fatigued, fall in energy, droop, faint, flag, become slack, be loose, supple, yielding, bend through weakness or want of support; toyyal fainting, languishing, despondency, affliction; toyvu laxity, looseness as of a rope, faintness; toyan:ku (tuyan:ki-) to be exhausted, faint; tuyakku (tuyakki-) to slacken, relax; n. fatigue, loss of strength or courage; tuyavu mental distraction, perturbation; tuyar (-v-, -nt-) to grieve, sorrow, lament; n. affliction, grief, sorrow; tuyarat.i fatigue, fainting, drooping, grief; tuyaram sorrow, grief, calamity, trouble, pity (Ta.); tuyaruka to grieve; tuyaram, tuyar calamity, grief, pity (Ma.); tuyarkka to afflict (Ma.); dosa~gu, dosavu calamity (Te.); tusing, tuse_nging to faint, become unconscious (Br.)(DEDR 3513).

4807.Image: fish: turakkattalai (Perh. turu + kar-r-alai) sea-fish, dark grey, sciaeva belongeri (Ta.lex.) tur-at.t.ai sea-fish, greyish green, ephippus orbis (Ta.lex.)

4808.Rust: turu rust (Kuramare_. Cata. 90); turuvu (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) ta_rye, turiye be corroded, e.g. timber (Kon.lex.) turucu rust (Ta.); tukku, tuppu rust (Ta.); turumpu (Ma.); tukku rust of iron (Ka.); rust (Tu.); t(r)uppu rust; trukku id. (Te.)(DEDR 3343). cf. tuttha blue vitriol (Skt.)(CDIAL 5855).

4809.Image: woman's hair: dro woman's hair (Ash.); dru_ (Kt.Wg.); dru~_ (Wg.); d.ui a hair (Pr.); dro(h) hair, hair (of animal), body hair (human)(Kho.); dr^a, dri_ (Orm.); pal fringe of hair over forehead (Psht.)(CDIAL 6623). dadar.cam, dadur.ham, dhalgum, dhapra bushy hair; dhadri, dharkul markul hair in disorder; jhapri, jhupri id.; dhacri, jhapr.u, jhapr.i hair hanging over brow (Santali.lex.) cf. so_r.a a hair (Kui); hora a single hair of the beard (Kuwi)(DEDR 2894). Image: knot of hair on the head: tur-ubu, tur-umbu a bundle or knot of the hair of the head, the bundle of hair at the back of the head into which the mud.i has been tucked (Ka.); cu_r-uku (Ta.); tur-umu (Te.)(Ka.lex.) tur-ugu, tur-uga clustered; tur-ugemegan. an eye with bushy lashes; tur-ugeve bushy eyelashes (Ka.lex.)

4810.Jar of fragrant water: dharma-ghat.a jar of fragrant water offered daily in the month Vais'a_kha (Skt.); t.emaer.a daily offering meals to a priest in the month A_s.a_d.ha (P.)(CDIAL 6754).

4811.Image: scorpion: druta a scorpion (Ka.Skt.); druta-puccha a scorpion's tail; drun.a a scorpion (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: scorpion: dro_n.ah. a scorpion (Ta.lex.)

4812.Image: menstruant: tur-e to gush out; tur-ai to be opened (Ma.); tukkai menstruation; cur-a_ the filth or nastiness of the body (Ta.); tur-umin.d.i a girl at the age of puberty, a female that has become menstruant (Ka.lex.)

4813.Pole star: turuvan:kat.t.utal < dhruva + to invent a method for finding out an eclipse or other astronomical phenomenon; turuva-cakkaram the wheel of Dhruva, turning the heavens and causing the diurnal motions (Tiruvil.ai. Tiruman.a. 161); Ursa major; turuva-patam region of the Pole star, as attained by Dhruva (Kur-r-a_. Tala. Tirukkur-r-a_. 25); turuvan- < Dhruva the son of King Utta_napa_da believed to have become the pole-star (Ku_rmapu. Takkan-aiccapitta. 1)(Ta.lex.) dhruva the polar star; the north pole (Ka.lex.) dhruv, dhruva_ pole (of the earth)(Kon.lex.)

4814.Sanseviera zeylanica: dhruve the plant desmodium gangeticum; the small tree sanseviera zeylanica, from the fibres of which bow-strings are made (Ka.lex.)

4815.Woman: tiri, tiri_ woman; tiri_-lin:kam feminine gender (Pi. Vi. 44)(Ta.lex.) thi_, itthi_, itthika_ woman (Pali); istri, itthi_ (As'.); istri, stri (NiDoc.); thin.a pl. (Dhp.); thi_, itthi_ (Pkt.); istri_ wife, female (of animals)(Ash.); is'tri_ wife, woman (Wg.); stri_ (Kt.); westi_ (Pr.); is'tri (Dm.); stri_ (Tir.); estri_ female (of animals); is'tri_, is'ti_ri, istri_, esteri_, ester, ti_(Pas'.); istri (Kho.); i_s, is woman, wife (Bshk.); ci_ (Tor.); t.hl.i_, t.l.i_, t.hl.a~s; cf. bet.i_ ma_nukh woman (WPah.); -ti (in diriti old woman)(Si.); itiri (Si.); striyaka woman (As'.); tri_k woman, female (of animals); iti(k) female (of animals); ti_k woman, wife (Pas'.); stri_za adj. female (Tir.); istri_za woman, wife (ja_ wife, -zayu (Kho.)(Kal.); s'tyar wife (Kt.); istrimali_ wife (Ash.); is'li_ wife (Nin:g.); isa_l pl. (Bshk.); s'iga_li_ wife (Gaw.); stri_ woman, wife (RV.)[stri_- with its derivatives is the only word in Skt. with initial str-)]; triy woman, wife (K.); tiriya_ id. (P.); triya_ (H.); tiriya_ (N.); tiri (A.Or.); tiya (H.)(CDIAL 13734). stri_maya, stri_mayi_ woman (BhP.); ti_vi~_, ti_mi_ woman, wife (P.)(CDIAL 13735). tri_mat, tri_mit, tre_mit, pl. tri_miti_ woman, wife (L.); tari_mat, tri_mat (P.); tt, te_t, pl. tte, te_te woman, female (Bshk.)(CDIAL 13735a). strain.a female (RV.); -stri_ka in cmpds. (Skt.); is'trei adj. female (of animals)(Dm.); cei, pl. ca_e, ci, ce_i_ young woman; cer, ce_yo pertaining to women (Sh.); as'treka woman, female (of animals)(Dm.); teka_-m my wife; is'terka_ (Pas'.); stre_ak female (of animals)(Kal.) led.ek female (of animals)(Pas'.); ter.i_ woman (Sv.)(CDIAL 13736). cf. ce_y child (Ta.); je_vu, jo_vu female child (Tu.)(DEDR 2813).

4816.Three: tiri three, used in compounds (Kaival. Can. 80)(Ta.lex.)

4817.To abandon: tor-e to put away, abandon, give up, quit, renounce, repudiate, reject; tor-avi leaving, abandoning (Ka.); tur-a (-v-, -nt-) to leave, relinquish, forsake, quit, abandon, desert, reject, discard, neglect, dispense with, omit, avoid, renounce worldly pleasures, become an ascetic; tur-anta_r, tur-anto_r ascetics; tur-appu separation, parting, relinquishment, rejection; tur-avi renunciation; tur-avu relinquishment, rejection, renunciation; tuvvu (tuvvi-) to leave (Ta.); tot- (toty-) to escape (Ko.); twar-- (twar-0-) to become on bad terms with, abandon (friendship); (twar-t-) to make to be on bad terms (with oneself or with one another)(To.); torevuni to abandon, give up; torelu abandonment (Tu.); tor-a~gu, tora~gu separation; to abandon, quit, renounce (Te.); tuR- (-t-) to remove (weeds, etc.)(Kond.a); tuhi_-, tussi_- to throw away (Pe.); tuh- id., (cow) to calve (Mand..); tuhpa (tuht-) to cast away, throw off, abandon, leave, except, relinquish, let alone, let be; n. abandonment, relinquishing (Kui); tu_ssali (tu_st-) to throw away; tuh- (tust-) to throw away; also used as an auxiliary (Kuwi); tuwe to throw away, disregard (Malt.)(DEDR 3365). tor-avi leaving, abandoning; an object to be abandoned; tor-asu, tor-ayisu to cause to give up (Ka.) (Ka.lex.)

4818.To obtain, acquire: doraku, dore to suit, fit, come about, appear, be obtained or found, accrue; dorakisu to cause to obtain, acquire for oneself, obtain (Ka.); dorakuni, doran:kuni to be got, obtained, procured, found; doraka_vuni to cause to obtain, procure (Tu.); darki to obtain (Kor.); doraku to be found, got, procured, obtained, gained; dor-ayu to obtain; doralu to occur, happen, accrue, join with; toralu to happen, occur, arise, meet, join, meet in battle (Te.); dork- to be found; dorokto_r he was found (Go.); doRk- to be got or acquired, be available; doRkis- to make available, bring out (Kond.a)(DEDR 3535). To rivet; settle: tar-ai (-v-, -nt-) to rivet, drive in (nails)(Ta.); tar-a foundation, nailing, riveting; tar-ekka to drive in, hammer, fasten; enter, be fixed (Ma.); tar-i state of being joined, of being put in or down, fixed or settled; tar-u (tatt-) to join, approach; state of being joined, of being fit, of being settled (Ka.); tarapuni, tarpuni to rivet, fasten firmly; be riveted, fixed (Tu.); tar-upu to join together, to amass (wealth)(Te.)(DEDR 3142).

4819.Brush: turi brush or fibrous stick, used to clean and separate the threads of the woof (Ta.lex.)

4820.Spittle: tuppu spittle (Ta.Ma.);j to spit (Ira_mana_. A_ran.i. 8)(Ta.); tuppuka (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) evur spittle (Kol.Nk.); nevur., nevud. (Pa.); nevur. (Ga.); evur., er.vo, er.vu, er.vunj, er.vonj (Go.); evr.i (Pe.); evr.in. pl. id. (Mand..)(DEDR 3756). s.t.hi_v to spit; correct s.t.hutva into s.t.hyu_tva_ in A_pS'r.; forms: pr. s.t.hi_vati; imper. as.t.hi_van; perf. tis.t.have_; pp. s.t.hyu_ta; gerund s.t.hyu_tva_ (Vedic.lex.) t.hik spittle (Bshk.); t.hok (Kal.)(CDIAL 12814). cf. nis.t.hi_vati spits; nis.t.hyu_ta spittle (Mn.); lis'tik (Ash.); lus'ti_k saliva (Wg.); lez-, les- to lick (Wg.)(CDIAL 7504). thukka spittle, phlegm (Pkt.); tuk spitting (Ash.); thu_k spittle (Pas'.Bhoj.H.M.); tuk (Wot..); thuki (Phal.Sh.); thokh, thoki (K.); thuka (S.Or.); thukk (L.); thuk (WPah.N.B.); thu_k (Ku.); thu_k^u (Aw.); thu~k (G.); thukkai spits (Pkt.); thokun (K.); thukan.u (S.); thukkan. (L.); thukkn.a_ (P.); thukn.o (Ku.); thuknu (N.); thuka_ (B.); thukiba_ (Or.); thukab (Mth.); thu_kna_ H.); thu~kvu~ (G.); thukn.e~, thu~kn.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 6097). Spittle; curse; abuse: thu_t sound of spitting (Skt.); thu_ fie (Pkt.); tu_, tui spittle (Gypsy); thuik to spit (Kho.); thuye_ (K.); thu spitting (Sh.); thu_ fie (S.); thu_ spit, curse (P.); thu_ thu_ fie (Ku.); thu (N.); spittle (A.B.Or.); thuwa_iba to spit (A.); thu_ spitting (H.); thu thu fie (G.); thu_ (M.); spitting (Konkan.i); tu fie (Si.); thur.u_ curse (P.); thurnu to abuse, curse (N.); thur.i spitting, challenge (B.); thur.i_ spitting, disgrace (H.)(CDIAL 6102). thu_tka_ra sound made in spitting (Skt.); thukka_ra spitting (Pkt.); thuka_ra spitting, spittle (Or.)(CDIAL 6103). thu_thu_ imit. sound of spitting (Skt.); thuru spitting, saliva (Kho.)(CDIAL 6104). utthru_, utthn.u_ fit of choking (L.); utthu_, utthru_ violent coughing (P.)(CDIAL 1806). cf. tummal sneezing (Kur-al., 1253); tummu id. (Te.); tummu id. (Kur-al., 1318)(Ta.); tummutal to sneeze (Kur-al., 1312); tummut.a id. (Te.); tumpuka id. (Ma.); tumital to spit, umital (Ka_cippu. Kar..uva_y. 63)(Ta.lex.) To puff: tu_b- (-it-) to blow with the mouth, puff, blow out (lamp) (Kond.a); tu_b- (tu_pt-) to blow with the mouth (Pe.)(DEDR 3388). cf. phukkai blows (Pkt.)(CDIAL 9102). cf. phu_tkaro_ti blows (Skt.)(CDIAL 9103). cf. dhma_, dham blow (Skt.); dhama blowing (Pa_n.); dhamaka blacksmith (Skt.); dhama, dhamaka one who blows (Pali); dhamaga (Pkt.); dam blast of furnace or oven, steam of stewing (K.); dam breath, magical spell (Kho.); dam (Pers.)(CDIAL 6730). dhma_na puffing (Sus'r.)(CDIAL 6888).

4821.Image: spittle; to spit; puff away: tumpi-y-u_tutal to blow bubbles from the mouth as with spittle, soapy water, etc. (Ta.lex.) Images: bubble; egg; spawn of fish: d.imba egg (Skt.); d.imbha (Skt.); d.imbika_ bubble (Skt.); d.ima_ egg (A.); d.im egg, spawn of fish (B.); d.imba (Or.)(CDIAL 5550). tuppu (tuppi-) to spit (Ira_mana_. A_ran.i. 8); n. spittle; tuppal saliva, spittle (Ta.); tuppuka to spit; tuppu, tuppal spittle (Ma.); tf n- (id--) to spit (To.); tu_ imit. sound of spitting and puffing away with breath; tu_ntir-i to spit; tu_pu to spit, blow, puff away (Ka.); tupp- (tuppi-) to spit (Kod..); tupukku, tuppu the sound made in spitting suddenly; tuppuna with the wound of tuppu; tu_pod.ucu (i.e. tu_-pod.ucu) to spit (Te.); tuhkul spit, saliva (Go.); cup- (-t-) to spit (Pe.); su_pa (su_pi-) id.; n. expectoration (Kui); hu_pali to spit; hu_pki aiyali to vomit; hu_pinai to spew; hu_pkinai to vomit; hu_pki vomiting; hu_p- (-it-) to spit; hu_pka (pl.) saliva, spittle; hu_p (-it-) to spit; hu_pki- to vomit; hu_pka vomit, spittle; dopoki spittle (Kuwi); tuppna_ to spit; tuppalxo_ saliva (Kur.)[For -xo_ cf. ko_r..ai phlegm, saliva (Ta.)(DEDR 2249)]; tupe to spit; tupgle, tulgpe spittle (Malt.)(DEDR 3323). tho to spit; ula to spit out; uli dak spittle (Santali.lex.) thimpi, thimpye spit; thimpi ud.ai to spit; thimpi, thimpye spittle (Kon.lex.)

4822.Abuse: tu_r-u (tur-i-) to traduce, slander; n. calumny, slander, ill-report (Ta.); tu_r-al slander, abuse; tu_r-r-u (tu_r-r-i-) to publish abroad evil reports, slander, defame (Ta.); tud-y- (tud-c-) to tell a lie (To.); tu_r-r-i tale-bearer (Ta.); tu_r-r-uka to abuse, blame; du_r-u blame, slander (Ma.); du_r-u to bear tales, report evil of others, blame, reproach, abuse, revile, calumniate, slander, asperse; n. aspersion, blame, slander, calumny; du_r-isu to cause to abuse (Ka.); du.r information laid against a person (Kod..); du_runi to accuse, complain, blame, reproach, censure; du_ra_t.a, du_ru aspersion, blame, reproach; du_runa_ye, du_rele an accuser, censurer, complainant; tu_puni to blame, abuse (Tu.); du_r-u to reproach, blame, censure, abuse; n. reproach, blame, censure, abuse (Te.); dohpa (doht-) to mention the name of a person, cite, accuse, blame; praise, honour; n.citation, accusation, praise (Kui)(DEDR 3397). cf. a_r-a_tu_r-u slander, calumny (Ta.); a_rsa_vuni to despise, disparage (Tu.); a_r-ad.i slander, disgrace; a_rudu_r-u ridicule, scorn (Te.)(DEDR 403). sarap curse (Santali.lex.) s'ira_p gha_l to put curse; s'ira_p curse; s'ira_p pod.ullo cursed (Kon.lex.) Tale-bearer: dhu_rta cunning; rogue (Ya_j.); dhu_rtaka (MBh.); dhutta adj. and n., dhuttika_ courtesan (Pali); dhutta, dhutti_ rogue, gambler (Pkt.); dhu_to pimp; dhu_ti_ bawd; dhutiru cheat (S.); dhu_ta_ tale-bearer; dhu_ta_ stupid (L.); dhu_tta_ stupid, fat (like a buffalo); male buffalo (P.); dhu_t oppressive (Ku.); dhuta_ha_ cheat (N.); dhu_t rogue (H.); dut crafty, vicious (Si.); dhuttayam.ta cheating (Pkt.); dhutan.u to swindle (S.); dhutnu (N.); dhu_tna_ (H.); dhu_tvu~ (G.); d.hut.(t.)a_ depraved wretch (L.)(CDIAL 6865). dhuta_ru cheat (S.); dhuta_ru~ cheating (G.); dhuta_ra_ cheat; dhatura_ trickery (M.); dhuta_ha_r (N.); dhutta_rai cheats (Pkt.); dhuta_ran.u (S.); dhu_trivam. cheating (OG.); dhuta_rn.e~ to cheat (M.)(CDIAL 6866). du_ti a lie; du_tda liar (Gaw.); dhu_t calumny (L.); dhut extortion (N.)(CDIAL 6867). dhaurtaka roguery (Pa_n..gan.a); dhota_ cunning; rogue (H.)(CDIAL 6885).

4823.Nettle: tur-ike gid.a the Neilgherry nettle, utrica heterophylla (Ka.); toyr, toyrv utrica heterophylla (Ko.); cor-i climbing nettle (Ta.); ka_cor-i, ka_con-r-i climbing nettle, tragia involucrata (Ta.); ka_cor-i a nettle (Ma.)(DEDR 1435). [cf. concordant phoneme: ka_jiva_ra syrychnine tree (Ka.); ka_ciram id. (Ta.)(DEDR 1434); whence, ka_ci a place name famed for clothing.]

4824.Peak: cur point, tip (Kt.); co_ru, cu~r peak, high mountain (Dm.); culi mountain peak (N.); cu_l.i conical peak of hill (Or.); cot.u cone (S.); cot.i_ peak (L.); cot.t.a_ peak (P.)(CDIAL 4883). Image: shark, swordfish: cur-a_ shark, swordfish (Ta.); shark (Ma.)(DEDR 2710).

4825.Image: bat: turicil, turucil bat (Ta.lex.)

4826.Image: white ant: turican-, tirica_n- termites, white ants (Ta.lex.)

4827.Image: delivery: tur-kud, tul-kud to be delivered of a child (Sora.lex.)

4828.Image: hare: turdan-en hare; pande:r-en, pan-en id. (Sora.)

4829.Image: basket; hencoop: tir-r-i a sort of basket for catching fish (Te.); tirr hencoop, cage for carrying fowls (Go.); t.ir-i a small fish-basket (Kond.a); ti_ri small bamboo cage to catch fish or crab (Kuwi)(DEDR 3262).

4830.Bark garment: tiri_t.a the tree; a garment made of its bark (Pali); tiri_t.a the tree symplocos racemosa (Bhpr.); tiri_t.aka (Car.); tiri_d.a a kind of tree (Pkt.); tird.a_, terd.a_ the flowering tree impatiens balsamina (M.)(CDIAL 5826). Hedge cotton: kirut.t.i, kiri_t.t.i square-stalked vine, piran.t.ai; kiri_t.am hedge cotton (Ta.lex.)

4831.Palm: kiri_t.i_ andropogon aciculatus; kirit.i fruit of the marshy date palm, phoenix paludosa (Skt.); kirir.i a tree growing in salt marshes, ceriops canollena (S.)(CDIAL 3177). ki~_da_ palm tree, date tree (Kur.); i_ndi phoenix acaulis; wild date-palm (Go.); ci_nd date-palm (Pa.)(DEDR 2617).

4832.Image: crown: kiri_t.am < kiri_t.a crown, diadem (Ta.lex.) cf. kiri_t.a diadem, crest (MBh.); tiri_t.a id. (Skt.); tiri_d.a headdress (Pkt.); kiri_d.a (Pkt.)(CDIAL 3176).

4833.Image: a piece: te_r-u a piece (Maturaik. 532, Urai); ter-ittal to break; to burst asunder, snap in twin, as a rope; to split (Kampara_. Kin:kara. 32)(Ta.lex.) Image: cut; snap in two: cf. ter-i (-pp-, -tt-) to burst asunder, snap in twain as a rope, split; break, cut (Ta.); ter-ikka to cut off (Ma.); tir-i to cut, cut off; cutting (Ka.); t(r)egu, treyyu to be cut, divided or severed, snap (as a rope), be breached (as a dike); trevvu to be cut, be snapped (as a rope); t(r)encu to snap, break, tear, cut, divide, sever (as a thread or string etc.); t(r)empu id.; n. state of being cut, divided etc., discontinuity, pause (Te.); tivv- to be broken (as a rope)(Go.); tev- (-it-) to be broken or snapped (as thread), be disjointed; tep- (-t-) to break, snap, nip off (as flowers), finish, redeem (a vow), discharge (as religious obligation)(Kond.a); tre_z- (tre_st-) to cut (e.g. crops)(Pe.); trey- to cut (paddy)(Mand..)(DEDR 3437). cf. tar-i (-v-, -nt-) to be cut off, broken (Ta.)(DEDR 3140).

4834.Image: clasp: ter-i clasp, as of an ornament (Ta.lex.)

4835.To spring: ter-i to spring, leap, hop, as a stag (Pur-ana_. 259); ter-ittu-nat.ai hopping gait (Kur-un. 213); ter-i-nat.ai id. (Akana_. 224); ter-i-vil a small bow for shooting pellets (Tiv. Periya_r... 3,4,3) (Ta.lex.)

4836.Fish: te_r-ai a kind of fish (Ta.lex.)

4837.Senior member of the San:gha: tiraiyan- ruler or chief in a maritime tract; an ancient chief of Ton.t.aina_t.u, who was believed to have come from across the sea (venve_r-r-iraiyan- ve_n:kat.a net.uvarai: Akana_. 85); tiraiyal id. (Cilap. Pati. 1,2, Urai)(Ta.lex.) ter-r-al clear-sighted person (Tiv. Periyati. 11,4,9); te_r-r-e_ka_ram the particle 'e_' expressing emphasis or certainty (Kur-al., 261, Urai); te_r-u clearness; certainty (Ta.lex.) te_r-am that which exceeds; te_r-r-an- a person of true knowledge (Tiruva_ca. 1,82); te_r-utal to be accepted as true (Kur-al., 589); te_ru id. (Te.); te_r-r-an-mai certainty, clearness (Tiv. Periyati. 10,9,9); te_r-r-utal to make clear, convince, assure, relieve from doubt (Kalit. 144)(Ta.); te_rucu id. (Te.); te_r-r-utal to know, understand (Kur-al.. 1054); to swear, take an oath (Kalit. 71); to clear, clarify (As.t.ap. Ar..akarkalam. 85); te_r-r-uka id. (Ma.) ter-r-u certainty, ascertainment, assurance, persuasion, confidence; ter-r-en-vu certainty, clearness (Tirikat.u. 54); te_r-r-am clearness (Na_lat.i, 259); te_t.a id. (Te.); te_t.e id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) tha_vara old age; tha_vareyya the rank of a Thera (Pali.lex.) sthavira old, venerable (S'Br.); thera term used with reference to the bhikkhus of Gotama Buddha's community: adj. senior; in sangha-thera used of Bhikkhus not senior in the order, the word 'thera' means distinguished; a bhikkhu however junior, may be called thera on account of his wisdom; four characteristics make a man a thera: high character, knowing the essential doctrines by heart, practising the four jha_nas, and being conscious of having attained freedom through the destruction of the mental intoxications; at a vey early date, before the Anguttara reached its extant shape, a secondary meaning of thera was tending to supplant that of senior--that is, not the senior of the whole Order, but the senior of such a part of the Sangha as live in the same locality, or are carrying out the same function; thera-tara very senior, opp. to navatara, novice; thera-va_da the doctrine of the Theras, the original Buddhist doctrine (Pali.lex.)[cf. the differences between thera-va_da (the way of the elders) and maha_ya_na (the great vehicle) in Buddhist doctrines]. the_ra (with or without bhikkhu-) senior member of the San:gha (Pali); the_ri_, the_rika_ f.(Pali); t.era (NiDoc.); sthe_ra old; an elder; the_ra old decrepit man (BHSk.); thaira_nam. older persons (As'.); thavira-, t.havira-, t.he_ra- old; the_ra- m., the_ri_ f. Jain elder (Pkt.); t.hera_ aged person (P.); thair.o old man (G.); ther, therd.a_ decrepit (M.); tera senior monk (Si.); teri f.(Si.); ther caste of strolling players (M.)(CDIAL 13747). te_rar Bhiks.us (Te_va_. 139,11); te_ro_r a class of minstrels who go on chariots and with drum-accompaniment sing the praises of the cultivators at the threshing floor or of the warriors on the battlefield (Tol. Po. 76); te_ro_n- the sun, as having a chariot (Tin.ai-ma_lai. 112)(Ta.lex.) cf. dehra_, d.ehra_ a sacred sepulchral monument, a guru's seat, a temple, a shrine (P.lex.) To know: teri (-v-, -nt-) to be seen, perceived, ascertained, become evident, be understood, intelligible, clear, possess the power of sight, be conscious (as of one's guilt); investigate, test, ascertain, inquire, know, understand, select, choose, learn through listening, sift; (-pp-, -tt-) to make evident, bring to view, tell, declare, inform, explain specifically, write, inscribe, sift, choose, select, divide; terikkal narration in detail; terippu informing, acquainting, communicating, investigation, saying, mentioning, writing, inscription, sifting, dividing; teriyal selection; terivi (-pp-, -tt-) to explain, point out, show, teach, bring to light, manifest, reveal, display; terivu knowledge, understanding, choosing, picking, selecting, anything selected or chosen, appearance, visibility, that which is known or ascertained; terul. (terul.v-, terun.t.-) to know, gain true knowledge, perceive, ascertain, understand clearly, be renowned, be clear, lucid; n. knowledge, intelligence, clear perception, comprehension, wisdom; terut.ci knowledge, wisdom, understanding; terut.t.u (terut.t.i-) to inform, make known, convince, persuade, enlighten the mind, confirm, assure, rub and test the tone of a lute-string; n. informing, convincing; terut.t.al rubbing a lute-string to test the tone; te_r (-v-, -nt-) to examine, investigate, inquire into, understand, know, consider, deliberate, ponder well, elect, seek, ascertain, form a conclusion, doubt, question, be well versed in; te_rcci examination, investigation, learning, discernment, deliberation, experience; te_rvu examination, search, experience, proficiency (Ta.); teriyuka to understand, know, choose, examine; terikkuka to select; terivu selection; tiriyuka to be distinct, known and to know; tirivu distinction, appreciation, knowledge; tirikka to make known, distinguish, separate, sort; te_ruka to know, understand; te_rcca asserting a claim (Ma.); teyr- (terc-) to choose, divide out or off; tern.- (tern.d.-) to leave the company or crowd (Ko.); tiry- (tirs-) to choose, separate (calves from buffaloes etc.)(To.); tirc- to separate, excommunicate; tirc- to separate (To.); tiri- (tiriv-, tirij-) to come to be known (Kod..); teriyuni, teripuni to be known, understood, comprehended; understand (with dative); be able, feel, perceive, conceive; teripa_vuni to make known, communicate, inform, explain, expose; terpuni to separate (esp. outcastes), excommunicate (Tu.); tiri clear, shining, bright, pure, holy; tiri giva to make clear and pure, refine; tiri tiri inba to be clear, shining, pure, holy; tirna clearly, brightly, purely, completely (Kui); tripu a_- to come to one's senses (Kuwi); ca_ing (dial. ta_-, tia_-; neg. tipp-, titt-) to understand, know, realize, regard (Br.)(DEDR 3419). tohor to know; tuhkit to know for certain (Santali.lex.)

4838.Image: axle-pin; pole; axle: dhur yoke or yoke-pin (RV.); dhura_ id. (Skt.); dhurika_ axle-pin (Ka_tyS'r.com.); dhura burden (MBh.); dhura yoke, pole, forepart of anything, leader (Pali); pole, load (Pkt.); dhura_ id. (Pkt.); dhuri_ cart yoke, pole, axle (Pkt.); dhuru, dhuri_ origin, source; dhuri_ side, party; dhuro side stick of a lathe holding the article being turned (S.); dhur beginning; dhura_ base of spinning-wheel, cross-piece (L.); dhur axletree, extremity, beginning; dhuri_ axletree; dhura_ pole (P.); dhu_r, dhuri ridge on a roof; dhuro ridge, mountain peak (Ku.); dhuro pole between a pair of yoked animals; dhuri axletree, rooftree (N.); dhur a partic. measure of land (N.A.); dhura_ axle (A.); dhura_ pole (B.Or.); dhuri in front; d.huri triangular prop for front of a cart (Or.); dhu_ra_, dhu_ri_ axle (Bi.); dhur forepart of pole where yoke is fixed, beginning, limit, end; dhura_ axle, axletree, pole, yoke, border, limits of village; dhuri_ pole, iron part of axle (H.); dhur yoke (G.); dhar yoke, beginning; dhari_ axle (G.); dhu_r pole, thill-yoke, front part; dhura_ boundary of village; dhuri_ pole of cart or plough (M.)(CDIAL 6826). dhuram.dhara bearing a yoke, fit to be harnessed (MBh.); capable of bearing a load (Pkt.); dhara_r, dhara_l. able to bear the yoke (G.)(CDIAL 6828). dhuraut.i_ sides of cart projecting over wheels (Bi.)(CDIAL 6829). dhura_n.i_ yoke-pin (M.)(CDIAL 6830).

4839.Turk: turus.ka an Indo-Scythian or Turk; a Mahomedan; any foreigner, a Greek etc.; Turan or Turkestan (Ka.lex.) turukkan- native of Turkey (turukkartaravanta ... vayapparikal. : Kampara_. Varaik. 13)(Ta.lex.) turku lumam a sub-sept of Besra, Murmu and Tud.u septs (Santali.lex.)

4840.Musk, saffron: turukkam musk (Tiva_.); musk deer (Tiva_.); saffron; arnotto, kun:kuma maram (Pin..); turakaram musk, kastu_ri (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.)

4841.Image: beam: uttaram.ga wooden arch over doorframe (Skt.); uttara_n:ga upper part (Pkt.); uttaram.ga upper framework of a door (Pkt.); utran:g (H.); otra~g (G.)(CDIAL 1768). uttaram beam, crossbeam in a building (Net.unal. 82, Urai)(Ta.lex.)

4842.Land tax: udran:ga explained as the 'fixed tax', the 'land tax', the 'principal tax' or the 'tax on the permanent tenants' (IE 8-3; 8-5; EI 22; CII 3,4; HRS); generally mentioned along with uparikara, i.e. minor taxes or the tax on temporary tenants; same as kl.pta. Udran:ga may have been pad in grains at least in some regions since the audran:gika (collector of udran:ga) is sometimes separately mentioned together with the hiran.yasa_muda_yika (collector of revenues in cash). In one case, the land is said to have been granted after making it udran:ga, i.e. s-odran:ga. cf. s-odran:ga (IA 10; sodran:ga-kr.tya used in respect of a gift land (IE 8-3), dran:ga [navagra_ma-dran:ga, the dran:ga of navagra_ma; possibly a station for the collection of revenue (EI 10); a town or watch-station; possibly also a station for the collection of revenue; also called udran:ga which may thus indicate both revenue and the station for its collection (EI 8-3); dran:gapa_la, dra_n:gika an officer in charge of a dran:ga probably meaning a watch-station or a station for revenue collection (IE 8-3; EI 10,30; CII 3,4; HD); similar to audran:gika in the latter sense; mentioned along with the dhruvastha_n-a_dhikaran.a or the collector of the king's grain-share (CII, Vol. III, p.169); dra_n:ges'a supposed to be the designation of a guardian of the frontiers (EI 20; HD)], utta_ra (a regular fixed payment). cf. mah-odran:ga in pravarita-mahodran:g-a_di-da_na-vyasan-a_nupaja_ta- santos.a (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, p.118, text line 40; IEG, p.349; IEG, p.101). dran:ga used to indicate dramma; name of a coin (EI 32)(IEG, p.100). draks.an.am a measure of weight, a tola (Skt.lex.) ?daraga a mohammadan place of worship (Ka.Te.); daraga_ (H.M.)(Ka.lex.) cf. dran:ga frontier watch-station (Stein, Ra_jataran:gin.i, ii,291); drang frontier station, toll-house (K.) < Ir. (CDIAL 6615).

4843.Collector oof fixed royal share: s.as.t.h-a_dhikr.ta a collector of the king's grain share which was originally one-sixth of the produce according to many authorities (IE 8-3; HD); cf. Ghosal, Hindu Revenue System, p.246; IEG, p.305). dhruva (EI 16, 32; HD) [a collector of] the fixed royal share of grains; contraction of dhruv-a_dhikaran.ika; cf. the Gujara_ti_ family name dhruva; same as dhruva-stha_na (cf. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part i, p. 477); dhruva one (IE 7-1-2); regular (CII 1); dhruva_ certainty (CII 1); dhruv-a_dhikaran.a office of (the collector of) the king's share of the produce of the fields from the farmers (EI 30); dhruv-a_dhikaran.ika (IE 8-3; CII 3; HD; HRS), known from Maitraka records; according to some, the officer in charge of persons entrusted with the superintendence of the collection of the king's grain-share from the farmers; an official title of the Kathiawar region indicating an officer collecting the king's share of grains (Ep. Ind., Vol. VII, p. 339); dhruvapati id. (EI 32); dhruva-stha_na a station for the collection of the king's fixed grain share (IE 8-3); dhruva-stha_n-a_dhikaran.a the station for collecting the king's share or the office in its charge (IE 8-3; EI 30)(IEG, p. 96).

4844.Image: wooden roller: dhruva a wooden roller used in an oil-mill (Ka.lex.)

4845.Image: piece of cloth; pannier: t.un:geiba_ to cut into pieces (Or.)(CDIAL 6062). trong^u worn rag (K.); taran:gar., taran:gar.i_, tara_n:gar.i_ large-meshed net for loading on pack animals (L.); tan:gar. (P.)(CDIAL 5987). terve a circular ring made of rope or cloth used to rest loads and sometimes used as pad for heavy loads (Tu.lex.) trong^u bundle of rags (K.); t.a_n.-t.un. odds and ends (N.)(CDIAL 6062).

4846.Image: pitchfork: thringul pitchfork with three or four prongs (Kho.); tri~gal pitchfork (L.); tareingu_l three-pronged pitchfork (L.); trangli_ pitchfork (L.); tara_ngal wooden pitchfork with four or five prongs (L.)(CDIAL 6040). tur-umu to scrap with a toothed instrument as the kernel of a coconut (Te.)(DEDR 3339). cf. turya_sra four-cornered; turyavah cow 4 years old (TS.); turi_ya fourth (RV.)(CDIAL 5881).

4847.Boar: turra sp.animal (not pig)(Pa.); turre pig (Kol.Nk.Go.); tur, turre id. (Nk.); tore animal called in Halbi kebr.i (Go.); turne animal called in local Oriya kebr.a (Mand..)(DEDR 3348).

4848.Image: sun's ray: tirup sun's ray (Nk.); ted- (tett-), t.ed.- (t.et.t.-) to be fierce (of sun's heat)(Pa.); ter- to be fierce (heat of the sun)(Go.); tari_ta_na_ to be hot (of sun)(Go.); tari_sta_na_ to heat bread over a flame after it has been cooked on the iron; tarra_na_, tar- to be fierce (of sun); tars-/taris- to heat; terk- to warm oneself by fire; recover from illness (Go.); ter-u to burn (Ta.); ter- to be fierce (heat of sun); ter-vel sunshine; ter-veli id. (Kond.a); tiri_p gleam of sunshine, hot blaze (M.)(DEDR 3440). Image: to burn: ter-al anger, heat, affliction (Ta.)(DEDR 3440). cf. til.ai to boil (Ta.)(DEDR 3257).

4849.Gifts: tellat.i, tellat.u, tellan.t.i a gift, a present, especially one given to the bride and bridegroom at their marriage by relations etc., with the prospect of a recompense being made at such an occasion in their own house; muy (Ka.lex.) cf. teran.t.u to make a gift of raiment to the bride and bridegroom at a wedding (Ka.lex.)

4850.Physician: ti_rppa_n- physician (Kur-al., 950); ti_rvu antidote, remedy (Kampara_. Iran.i. 113)(Ta.lex.)

4851.Image: timber tree: tirva, sirve a kind of timber tree (Tu.lex.)

4852.Images; to twirl round; to return: tirpu to twirl round; tirpu thread of a screw; tirputa pu_ a head ornament havin concentric circles (Tu.lex.) tirumutal to turn, return, go back (Kampara_. Ma_ri_ca. 136)(Ta.lex.) tiri twisting, turning (Pat.t.in-ap. 254)(Ta.); id. (Te.Ka.Ma.); tiriya again (I_t.u, 8,1,5); id. (Ma.); tirigi id. (Te.); tirugi (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Image: to go back, retreat: terayisu, te_rayisu, te_raysu to go back, to retreat; to fail in one's endeavours; to cause to go backwards (Ka.lex.) Image: to turn back: tirumpu to turn, turn back (Ta.); tiri to cause to revolve as a wheel, twist as yarn or rope (Ta.); roll or twist of cloth or thread for a wick, torch of twisted cloth (Ta.); tirukkal plaiting the hair (Ma.); tirk turn in road; a time, turn (To.); tiri a twist, a turn, braid of hair (Te.)(DEDR 3246). Change: tiri to change, vary (Ta.); tirivu change, alternation, variation (Ta.); tirivu change, a shift (Ma.); tirigu, tiragu, tirugu change a shift as the wind (Ka.); tirupu a changing, transitory feeling of state (Ka.); tirugu change of direction (Te.)(DEDR 3246). tirumu (Ta.); tirugu (Te.Ka.) to turn, return, go back (Ta.lex.) tr.i_m- (-t-) to turn round; intens. tr_i_mba-; tr.i_p- (-t-) to turn round (Pe.); tli_pa (tli_t-) to twist (Kui); t.in.- id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 3258). cf. tir-ampu (tir-ampi-) to sprain (Ta.); tir-ampuka to be wrenched, strained (Ma.)(DEDR 3261).

4853.Heart of a tree; essence: tiral.u, tirul., tirul.u, tirul.e, til.alu, til.l.u, teral.e pith (of plants and trees); pulp (of fruits); kernel (of nuts); essence; the vital essential part; strength (of body); value, importance (of words)(Ka.lex.) tirlu core, heart of a tree (Tu.)(DEDR 3252). teral.eya hur..u a silk-worm; teral.e a worm or insect living in fruits (Ka.lex.) taru-sa_ra essence of trees: camphor; the pith, or core, of trees (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cf. keccu the heart of a tree (Ka.lex.) cf. toral, soral.e mucus of the nose (Tu.)(DEDR 3342).

4854.Image: globe: teral.u to ball itself; to become round (Ka.); tiral., tiral.u (Ta.); tiral.u (Ma.); teral.u to coalesce, to join (Ka.Ta.Ma.); to be numerous (Ka.Ta.); to be amassed, to come together, to assemble (Ka.lex.) tirat.ci pearl; globularity, rotundity (Ta.lex). tiral. ball, globe, round,mass (Ta.Ma.)(DEDR 3245). tiran:kal a pearl; a flaw in pearls (cuppiramum tirankalum ut.aiyana ut.pat.a muttu onpatina_l) (S.I.I.ii,78)(Tal.lex.)[The shape of tiran:kal pearls is perhaps imaged by the verb form: tiran:ku- to be wrinkled, curled up (Ta.)(DEDR 3244)]. Roll of cotton: tiral.ai a solid round object as a ball of rice, skein of thread, assemblage, pearl (Ta.); tirai roll of cotton prepared for spinning; tiral. ball, globe, round mass, cluster, clump, tuft, army, abundance (Ta.); tirai roll of betel leaves, betel (Ta.); to coagulate, form into a clot as milk (Ta.); tira a roll as of paper, betel leaves, mass (Ma.); tirappam a bundle of palm leaves (Ma.); tera state of being balled or heaped one upon the other, a mass (Ka.); teral.e a round lump (Ka.); terep bundle (Go.); terb- to coil round (Kond.a); terp- (-t-) to roll up, coil up (Kond.a)(DEDR 3245). Instrument for twisting yarn: ?tablet loom: d.hera_ crosspiece of wood for threading yarns on (H.); d.he_ra_ instrument for twisting yarn; d.hero ball of thread (S.)(CDIAL 5474). dhokr.u~, dhokn.u~ bale of cotton (G.)(CDIAL 6880). Hem, border: tirukku hem, border (Ma.); tirukkuka to roll up clothes, tuck in (Ma.); tirukuka to wind thread (Ma.)(DEDR 3246). Skein of thread; roll of betel leaves; to coil up: tiral.ai skein of thread, a solid round object; tiraiyal roll of betel prepared for chewing (Ta.); tiral.a a ball, mass; tira a roll as of paper, betel eaves; tirappam a bundle of palm leaves (Ma.); tert. to turn (wood in a lathe); ter lump of clay put on wheel (Ko.); terat.u to make round, roll up (Ka.)(DEDR 3245). Pad: teriya circular pad of wicker or straw placed under a vessel to make it steady; terve circular ring for carrying loads on the head (Tu.); terika pad to put under vessels or for the head to carry burdens (Ma.)(DEDR 3420). sar a pad for an elephant's back (Santali.lex.)

4855.Gruel: te_r-al clarified toddy, clarified juice (Ta.);[te_kkat. t.e_r-al (Pur-ana_.115) pure, clarified toddy (Ta.lex.)]; te_r-u to be clarified, prove, result, amount to (as profit), trust, confide, decide; n. clearness, certainty (Ta.); te_r-r-am certainty, assurance, luxuriant growth (Ta.); firmness, faith, trust (Ma.); te_rgad.e settlement, conclusion (Kod..); te_r-ucu to clarify, settle (Te.); te_lu to be settled or decided, terminate (Te.); te_rsap to clear (as a liquid)(Ga.); te_rs to filter (Go.); te_t.a clearness, purity (as that of water, etc.)(Ka.Te.)(DEDR 3471). thir, thira cold rice gruel (Or.)(CDIAL 13771). tel.i gruel, rice-water (Tu.); til.i distilled, transparent (Tu.); tel.l.u refined (as language), to be clear, lucid (Ta.); tel.ippu clearing, refinement, purification, straining off (Ta.); til.i, tal.i to become clear, pellucid, pure; n. clearness, serum-like substance (Ka.); teli white, pure (Te.)(DEDR 3433).

4856.Image: mortar, pestle: tirgal mortar, pestle (Kol.)(DEDR 3245).

4857.Image: frog, toad: te_rai frog, toad (Ta.); te_ra a lean frog (Ma.)(DEDR 3462).

4858.Image: ray-fish: tirukkai ray-fish, trygon seption; electrical ray, nareine timilei (Ta.); tiran.t.i a large flat sea-fish, ray or skate (Ma.); tiryan.d.e a kind of fish (Tu.)(DEDR 3249).

4859.Mountain range: tikiri-k-kal, tikiri-k-kiri a mythical range of mountains (Ta.lex.) cakrava_d.a a mountain range encircling the earth (Skt.); cakkava_l.a id. (Pali); cakkava_la circle (Pkt.); sakval.a the world (Si.)(CDIAL 4552).

4860.Tender leaf: tiri tender leaf; tender nut (Ka.); a sprout, shoot, sprig, germ; the tender branch of a palm (Tu.)(DEDR 3247).

4861.Image: gate; house; raised terrace; sandhill: ter-r-i raised veranda (Ta.); tetti narrow walk built on all round house (Kod..)(DEDR 3444). ter-r-u hedge of throns protecting a passage; tettu hedge of bamboo or thorns (Ta.); tadalu, tadlu frame of throns etc., used as a gate in a hedge (Ka.); tet.t.e fencing; tet.t.e-go_da a wall fence (Te.)(DEDR 3447). To build a house: ten-n-u (ten-n-i-) to rise, lift with a lever (Ta.); tend- to rise, be raised; tetip- (tetit-) to raise (Pa.); t.et.p- (t.et.t.-) to raise, lift (Ga.); te_t.p- (te_t.up-) to lift (Ga.); te_d-, te_d.a_na_ to rise; tehta_na_ to cause to rise, build a house; te_h- to lift, rouse; te_(h)- to make to rise; teha_na_, ta_ha_na_ to lift; teh- to rouse from sleep, revive to life (Go.); te_tna_ (te_tcas/tettas) to assist a woman in raising a load to her head (Kur.)(DEDR 3450). Heap of earth; wall: de_hali_ raised terrace in front of threshold, threshold (Gr.S.); de_hali_ threshold (Pkt.); dehal (P.); deli, dya_la_ threshold, dwelling, house (Ku.); dehli threshold (B.); dehal.i_ threshold, raised terrace in front of door (Or.); dehari_ outer entrance room (Bi.); dehari doorway, threshold (Mth.); dehli_, dihli_, dahli_, dehri_ threshold; dehar low ground near a riverbank liable to flooding (H.); deri_, deli_ raised terrace in front of house, porch, vestibule, police station; d.eli_ low-roofed house, police gate or station; d.elu~ open space in front of house, gate of a street (G.); dailo door, threshold (N.); dewal, deuli heap of earth (N.); deul mound, old wall (B.)(CDIAL 6559). Wall of a house: dio~_r. wall of a house; dio_n. (Pas'.); di_a~ (Shum.); dya_n.d.a (Gaw.); dya_n.d.o (Sv.); dyn^u solid foundation of a wall or the like (K.)(CDIAL 6563). Image: gate; threshold: di_d., di_d.i a wicket (M.); tit.t.i window (Ta.); did.d.i, did.d.e, jid.d.e a wicket, a hole expressly made for egress or ingress (Ka.); did.d.i, jid.d. back, postern (Tu.); did.d.i a small door or gate, wicket, postern or back door, sallyport (Te.); did.d.i lane (Go.)(DEDR 3219). tit.t.i-va_cal wicket, small door or gate, within compass of a larger one (Ira_mana_. Ayo_t. 22)(Ta.lex.) de_hud.d.(h)i_ mound, threshold (Skt.); dae_za (Av.); devr.i_ platform in front of house, police-station (G.); d.yor.i_ threshold, gate, enclosure (Ku.); de(h)ur.i threshold, vestibule, outer gate of mansion (B.); dehur.i (whence dehur.ia_ gatekeeper)(Or.); dihur.i_, d.ehur.hi_, d.eor.hi_, d.yor.hi_, d.ihur.i_, d.ihar.i_ threshold, porch (H.); dehud.i_, devd.hi_, devd.i_ platform in front of a house, porch, vestibule (M.); d.i_d.ⁱ, d.e_d.e entrance of a large house, portico (K.); d.eud.hi_, d.ed.hi_ porch (S.); d.eud.hi_, d.ed.hi_ (L.); d.eud.hi_, d.eur.hi_ threshold (P.); d.eur.ho, d.eur.o, d.eur.i porch, door, house (N.); d.eur.hi_ doorway of a house (Mth.); deor.hi_ gate (Bhoj.); d.u_d.hi_ threshold, porch (Ma_l.); d.od.hi_ watchman's seat near entrance gate (G.)(CDIAL 6565). cf. takaippu surrounding wall, fortress, palatial building, section of house, apartment (Ta.); taga, tagave, tagahu, tage obstacle (Ka.)(DEDR 3006). cf. dehra_, d.ehra_ a sacred sepulchral monument, a guru's seat, a temple, a shrine (P.lex.)

4862.Image: hill: taram < dhara mountain, hill (As.t.ap. Ar..akar. 24); tara_-taram < dhara_-dhara mountain (Iraku. Kulamu. 1)(Ta.); tara_y mound, elevated place (Malaipat.u. 460)(Ta.lex.) tara a heap (Ka.); thara (M.H.); stara (Skt.)(Ka.lex.) ta_ra a mountain (Ka.lex.) Sandhill: te_ri sandhill (Ta.); hillock, swelling on the ground (Ma.)(DEDR 3461). Heap; bundle: d.e_r heap (Pas'.); heap, store, granary (K.); d.heru heap (S.); d.her much, many (L.); heap (WPah.); id., large quantity (Ku.); heap, mass, bundle (N.); much (A.); heap, quantity, much (Mth.); heap (H.G.); large lump (M.); d.heri hillock, heap (L.); heap (Ku.); heap, mass, bundle (N.); heap, quantity, much (Mth.); d.hera much (B.); d.erhi surplus, excess (Or.); d.heri_ heap (of grain or manure)(Bi.); heap (H.); little heap (M.); d.he_r heap, many (Aw.); dher, dherai much, many (N.)(CDIAL 5599).{Whence the use of d.he_r. one and a half; i.e. surplus or excess over one (H.)} teral.cu to amass, join (Ka.); teralu to abound, increase, swell up (Te.); terep bundle (Go.); tira a roll as of paper, betel leaves, a mass (Ma.); tirappam a bundle of palm leaves (Ma.); ter lump of clay put on wheel to throw a pot (Ko.); tiral. a bass, mass; first menstruation (Ma.); terul.u to assemble (Ta.); tiral.ai a skein of thread, assemblage, pearl (Ta.); tiral. round mass, crowd, assembly, flock, aggregation, cluster, clump, tuft, army, abundance (Ta.)(DEDR 3245).

4863.To cease: t.hahran.u to stop, stand, be decided (S.); t.ha_hran., t.hehran. to hold to the bull; tahran. to stop, cease (L.); t.hahirna_ to stop, be settled, be proved (P.)(CDIAL 13680). tavir (-v-, -nt-) to abstain, refrain, cease, stay, abide, subside, give up, cease from; tavir (-pp-, -tt-) to chase away, exclude, restrain; tavircci abiding, staying, interruption, cessation, break; tavira except (Ta.); taviruka to be put aside; tavirkka to exclude, omit (Ma.); tevru to drive away (Ka.); tauruni to remove (Tu.)(DEDR 3113). te_ruka to attack, pursue (Ma.); do.t- (do.ti-), de.t- (de.ti-) to drive away (cattle, persons)(Kod..); de_runi to drive, drive away (Tu.)(DEDR 3472).

4864.Component parts: tir-am, tir-an- constituents, component parts, necessary elements (Pur-ana_. 6); kind, class, sort (muttir-a vun.arva_l: Tan.ikaippu. Nantiyu. 120); quality, state, nature (Man.i. 4,96); matter, affair, case (Tiv. Iyar-. Tiruvirut. 34); tir-appa_t.u necessary equipment, as discretion, strength of mind, etc. (Kur-al., 640)(Ta.lex.) tur-ai branch, section, category (Kampara_. Va_li. 82); proper arrangement, codification (Kumara. Pira. Citampa. Cey. 13)(Ta.lex.) taram-cit.t.a_ rough valuation or classification of lands; taram-ta_r one who superintends the classification of lands for purposes of revenue assessment, classifier; taram-ti_rvai an assessment made according to the class of land; taram-pe_ri_j fixed rent or rate of assessment; taram-paical settlement of the classification of soils, revenue settlement; taram-va_ri arrangement according to classes, as of land; cf. va_ri (U.); tara-va_ri settlement with each individual cultivator without the intervention of a third party (Ta.Te.)(Ta.lex.) taratti_rvai, taram-ti_rvai an assessment made according to the class of land; tarattu_tu < taraddud (U.) exertion, endeavour; cultivation (C.G.); tarattu_tu-jami_n- land that is always under cultivation (R.T.); taratu_tu id.; tarattu_tu-ja_pta_ account showing the species and quantity of the seed sown and the extent of the lands under cultivation, etc. (R.T.); tarappat.i, tarapat.i classification, statement of village-lands as arranged in classes (Ta.Ma.); taram sort, kind, class (Ta.Ma.); tara id. (Ka.); taram < tara (Skt.) different classes of village lands separately assessed according to the quality of the soil; assessment; taravar..i kind, sort, class, assortment; tara_taram distinction of rank, place, class or other particulars (Tiruvil.ai. Tiruman.a. 94); id. (Ma.); tara_tara id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) tarappurat.t.u fraud in classifying the lands in a village (Ta.lex.)

4865.Image: to sting: te_r-u sting as of a wasp (Ta.); ter-u (ter-uv-, ter-r--) to burn,scorch, be angry, sting (as wasp), punish, destroy (Ta.)(DEDR 3440).

4866.Bowstring: tiru, tiruvu, tirpu, tirbu, tibbu bow-string (Ka.); tiru, tebbu id. (Tu.)(DEDR 3248).

4867.To plait, braid; spin: tirukkal plaiting the hair (Ma.); tiri braid of hair (Te.); tiruku to braid as hair (Ta.)(DEDR 3246). tir-i a twist of anything flexible; tiri a twist, turn (Te.); twist as yarn of rope (Ta.); a turn, twist, wick (Ma.); a turn, twist (Ka.); tri_cali to twist (Kuwi); tirgip to twist (Kol.); triv to spin, revolve (Kuwi)(DEDR 3246).

4868.Image: to sting: te_r-u sting (as of a wasp (Ta.); ter-u (ter-uv-, ter-r--) to burn, scorch, be angry, sting (as wasp), punish, destroy (Ta.)(DEDR 3440).

4869.Tender bamboo, weaver: d.e_r(u) tender bamboo; d.e_r dubu bamboo thicket (Kond.a); de_r bamboo; bamboo shoot (Pe.); bamboo shoot (Mand..); te_ru bamboo (Kui); a shoot, bud (Kui); de_ru bamboo shoot (Kuwi)(DEDR 5485). Ball of thread; instrument for twisting yarn: d.hero ball of thread (S.); d.hera_ crosspiece of wood for threading yarn on (H.); d.he_ra_ instrument for twisting yarn (P.)(CDIAL 5474). d.eren:ga_ weaver (Kui); d.e'ra_ id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 2975). Weaver village; street: teru, teruvam, teruvu street, highway, public road (Ta.); teru street, bazaar street, a weaver village (Ma.); tervi. neighbourhood (in: i tervi., a tervi.; al. tervi. in various caves)(Ko.); teru way (Bel.); teruvu way, road, path (Te.); tennu id. (Te.)(DEDR 3422). cf. ce_ri town, village, hamlet; street, quarters of the Pariahs (Ta.); se_ri_ street, quarter (Pkt.); s'e_ri_ lane, alley (M.)(DEDR 2007). cf. ce_rvu residence, town, village, collection (Ta.)(DEDR 2814).

4870.Animals: tiria animals (OG.)(CDIAL 5825). tiraccha_na animal (as opposed to man)(Pali); tirisana_ animal (Si.); tiras horizontally (Si.); tiras'ca crosswise (RV.); tiras'cata_ transversely (RV.); tiriccha, te_riccha, te_ricchia, tiricchi crosswise (Pkt.); tiri_ce adv. crossways (OAw.); haras transverse (Si.); tra_su~ slanting, oblique (G.)(CDIAL 5822). tiraccha_na-gata (Pali)= tiras'ci_na (Skt.); tras'ca 'going horizontally, i.e. not erect; tiraccha_na an animal [tiraccha_nan ca yoniyo; tiraccha_na-ga_mini_ pat.ipada_ leading to rebirth among beasts; manussa-tiraccha_na an animal-man, wild man; 'werwolf']; tiraccha_na-katha_ animal talk; tiraccha_na-gata an animal, a beast; tiraccha_na-yoni the realm of the brute creation, the animals; tiraccha_na-yonika, tiraccha_na-yoniya belonging to the realm of the animals; tiraccha across, obliquely (Pali); cf. Vedic tiryac obliquely; pairh (Goth.); durh (OHG.); through (E.); tiriyan adv. transversely, horiontally (as opp. to uddhan vertically), slanting, across (Pali)(cf. quer (G.) = thwart (E.)(Pali.lex.) tirukkam crookedness; dishonesty (Kampara_. Tiruvat.i. 76)(Ta.lex.)

4871.Images: curve of horn; wave; rolling, rippling: tirukal twist, as of a horn; crookedness (Kampara_. Tiruvava. 33); tiruku-kompu twisted or crumpled horn (Ta.lex.) tesk loop, curve of horn (To.); tiraccal wrinkles; tirappu rolling (Ma.); tiraippu rolling, rippling; tiraiyal wrinkling (Ta.); tiraya curtain (Si.)(DEDR 3244). tiryak across, obliquely (S'Br.); tiryac oblique (AV.); tiria slanting, crosswise (Pkt.); tiriyam. across (Pali); tiraya curtain, veil (Si.); tiraskarin.i_ veil (Skt.)(CDIAL 5825). tiras across (RV.); tiro_ across, beyond (Pali); tirokkha one who is outside or absent (Pali); tirikkha slanting, crosswise (Pkt.); tirko reflection of the sun's rays in a glass; tirkan.u to slip (S.); tirka_un.a_ to let (trousers) slip (P.); tirkas oblique (G.); tirka_, tirpa_ oblique (M.); tird.e~ board transpierced with a stick (M.)(CDIAL 5823). Image: oblique, slanting: t.e_ru slanting, crooked, squinting (Sh.); t.i_ra_ squinting (P.); t.era_ crooked (P.); t.era squinting (B.)(CDIAL 5474). tirl.a_, tirva_ squinting (M.)(CDIAL 5823). tiras'cata_ transversely (RV.); tiras'ca slanting, crosswise (Skt.); tiriccha, tiricchi, te_riccha id. (Pali); tirchava~_ oblique, slanting (L.); tircho, tercho, tyarch (Ku.); tiri_che crossways (OAw.); tircha_ crooked (OAw.); tircha_ slanting (H.); tirchu~ (G.); tirsa_, tersa_ (M.); haras transverse (Si.); tra_su~ slanting, oblique (G.)(CDIAL 5822). tid.a_ warped (M.); t.ero slanting, squinting (N.); t.red.o slanting, cross-eyed (S.); t.ed.h crookedness (P.); ter.ha_ crooked (Or.); ter.h (Mth.); d.eur.ho crooked, crosswise (N.); teor.a_ (B.)(CDIAL 6071). s.er.e blind (Wg.); ser.o squinting (N.); ser.a_ having one eye smaller than the other, squinting (WH.); s'ed.a_ the indistinct and shadowy appearance of an object seen by weak or shor-sighted eyes or under deficient light (M.)(CDIAL 12717). Bullock with crooked eyebrows: bhau~a~_-t.er bullock with crooked eyebrows (Or.)(CDIAL 5474). Image: bull with hanging horns: d.her-sin:go bullock with hanging horns (WPah.); d.heru bullock with one horn hanging down (WPah.)(CDIAL 5474). Rippled, contracted, plaited cloth: tiran:kal being shrivelled, wrinkled, crumpled (Ta.); tirai plait the ends of a cloth as in dressing; tuck up as one's cloth (Ta.); tirappu rolling (Ma.); serasare, serasre curtain, screen (Tu.)(DEDR 3244). tiraya curtain, veil (Si.); tiraskarin.i_ veil (Skt.)(CDIAL 5825). tiran:ku to be folded in as the fingers of a closed hand, be curled up as the hair, to be wrinkled, crumpled, dry up as dead leaves (Ta.); tirakku (tirakki-) to be crumpled, shrivel, wrinkle (Ta.); tirai (-v-, -nt-) to become wrinkled as the skin by age, be wrinkled, creased as a cloth, roll as waves (Ta.); (-pp-, -tt-) to gather up, contract, curtain as rolled up, wave, billow, ripple (Ta.); tiraippu wrinkling, rolling, rippling, place screened by a curtain (Ta.); tiraiyal wrinkling (Ta.); tiraivu wrinkling as by age, rolling as of waves (Ta.); tira wave, billow, curtain (Ma.); tiraccal wrinkles (Ma.); tirekkuka to roll as waves (Ma.); tirappu rolling (Ma.); terf- (tert-) to make a loop (of cane); s'ere, sere a wave, billow (Tu.); trikking to wither up, change colour, fade (Br.)(DEDR 3244). tere screen (Kod.Ka.); tera screen, curtain (Te.); tirai curtain as rolled up (Ta.); tira curtain (Ma.); serasre curtain, screen (Tu.)(DEDR 3244). Wave, billow, curtain: tere a wave, billow, curtain, cloth for concealing oneself used by huntsmen (Ka.); tere dress, wave (Kod..); tera wave (Te.)(DEDR 3244).

4872.Tent: d.era tent (K.); d.era_ tent, encampment (P.); tent, booth (N.); tent, shelter, temporary resting place (A.B.Or.Mth.H.M.); d.ero lodging place, shelter (WPah.); tent, shelter, house, esp. temporary lodging (Ku.G.Marw.); dera_ a sort of tent (B.); tent, house (H.); dero tent (S.)(CDIAL 5564). [cf. Semantic concordance: cloth and tent: gud.d.ara tent (Pkt.); gud.ha_r tent, howdah (M.); kut.aru tent (Skt.); gud.a_ramu, gud.a_ru (Te.); gud.a_ra (Tu.Ka.); ku_t.a_ram (Ta.Ma.)(DEDR 1881). {Including the morpheme: gud.d.a cloth; a bit or piece of cloth (Te.(DEDR 1681).}] tera screen, curtain (Te.); tere screen (Kod..); serasre curtain, screen (Tu.); tirappu place screened by a curtain (Ta.); tirai curtain, as rolled up (Ta.)(DEDR 3244). tiraya curtain, veil (Si.); tiraskarin.i_ veil(Skt.)(CDIAL 3825).

4873.Arched doorway: to_ran.am festooned arch (Ta.lex.)[cf. to_ran.am beam of a balance (Ta.lex.) to_ran.a arched or festooned doorway (MBh.); triangle supporting a large balance (Skt.); arched doorway (Pali); outer door, gate (Pkt.); torn.e~ that part of a waterwheel on which rests the fore-extremity of the beam and under which the bullock moves (M.); toran.a arched gateway (Si.)(CDIAL 5976). to_ran.a-k-ka_l pillar of aureola over the idol (S.I.I.ii,179)(Ta.lex.) to_ran.am festoons of leaves and flowers suspended across streets and entrances on auspicious occasions (Tiv. Na_yc. 6,1); ornamented gateway surmounted with an arch (Kampara_.at.ca.21); mound raised near a bathing place for a mark; beam of a balance (Ta.lex.); to_ran.a-k-kal stone pillar erected in a large tank to show the depth of water (Ta.lex.)

4874.Image: gateway: tir-avu gateway (Ta.); tur-akka to open; tur-appu opening; tur-avu opening, entrance (Ma.); terv- (terd-) to open (door, etc.), release (buffaloes) from enclosure or shed (Ko.); ter- (ter-0-) to open (container, door, pen, etc.); ter- ir buffalo let out to graze early in the morning before milking; tir- a.r- (obl. a.t-) open space between front wall and entrance of house (To.); tari_ta_na_ (doors) to be open; tarrita_na_ to open (Go.); r-e_-, ter-e to open (Kond.a); je_- (-t-) id. (Pe.Mand..); da_pa (da_t-) to open a door, clear a passage; n. act of opening; dari inba to be opened, spread forth; dari ispa (Kui); de'- (det-), de'nai to open (Kuwi); tisⁱgna_ (tisgas) to open (door, shutter); refl. and pass. tisgrna_ (Kur.); tisge to lift the latch (Malt.)(DEDR 3251). tiru-k-ka_ppu door of a temple (Tiv. Tiruppa_. 18,172, Arum.)(Ta.lex.) Image: to open the mouth: tur-akku opening of the mouth (Ma.); tari_- to open (eyes, mouth, door, etc.); caus. tarih-/tarh-; tari-, ter-, terr- to open; reha_na_ id.; tugaituna id. (Go.)(DEDR 3251).

4875.Image: split: trith, tr^ath, tr^atas slit, rent, fissure (K.)(CDIAL 5922). tr.d split (Skt.); tr.n.atti splits open, sets free (RV.); tad.ai spreads (Pkt.); tar. to flay (Wg.); t.rir.an.u to open (S.); trir.an. to blossom, expand (L.); tir.na_ to be split, crack through dryness, be proud (P.); t.rir.kan.u to crack, split, itch (S.)(CDIAL 5925). tr.dila making fissures (for release of water)(RV.); trer. crack in soil (L.); tarer., tarer, ter. crack, crevice (P.); t.l.ir. crack in soil or wood (WPah.); ti_d. crack, fissure in ground (M.)(CDIAL 5926). tr.n.atti splits (RV.); tinnh^ana_ to prick (P.)(CDIAL 5927). tardman hole (AV.); tad.o pit over which a waterwheel is fixed (S.)(CDIAL 5724). t.rar.kan.u to split (S.)(CDIAL 5722). tardati splits open (Dha_tup.); tad.d.ai spreads (Pkt.); t.ad.d.^ana_ to open wide (P.)(CDIAL 5721). tir-a (-pp-, -nt-) to cut open; tir-appu open, unfortified place; cleft, opening; tir-avu opening, unveiling; open space (Tiruva_ca. 37,6); tur-appu a key (Ta.); tirp key (To.); ter-a an opening, clearing, state of being clear or bright; ter-apu, ter-ahu opening, an opening, gap, an interval, cessation, intermission (of sounds, rain), interstice, room, place; ter-avu opening; ter-ave opening, becoming manifest, appearing; ter-e to be unclosed, be uncovered, open; make open, open, uncover, unfold; n. oipening, state of being open (Ka.); tora- (torap-, torand-) to open (Kod..); terapu space, room; jappuni to open; jatton.uni id. (Tu.); depp id. (Tu.); ter-a open; ter-acu to open, set open, uncover, expose, exhibit, display, unfasten, unlock; ter-apa open, exposed; ter-api intermission, cessation, pause, break (Te.)(DEDR 3259).

4876.Gracious look: tiru-k-kan. divine eye, gracious look; tiru-k-kan.-ca_ttutal to bestow a look of grace, as a deity (Ta.lex.)

4877.Paddy field: tiruttu cultivated wet land, paddy field (Kur-r-a_. Kur-a. 11,2); tiruttutal to arrange properly (Periuyapu. Cir-utton.. 73); to prepare and make a land suitable for cultivation (Ta_yu. A_n-antama_n-a. 6); to supervise (S.I.I. iii,21)(Ta.lex.)

4878.Cot: te.r pl. te.d.l cot (Kol.); te_r id. (Nk.)(DEDR 3460). cf. terp- to put to sleep (Kond.a)(DEDR 3425).

4879.Image: woman: ter-ava woman (Te.); taral.e girl (Ka.); terivai woman between 25 and 31 years of age, woman (Ta.)(DEDR 3421). r-i_pa (pl. r-i_pek) grown-up girl (Kond.a); ji_poli (pl. ji_pok) young woman (Pe.); ji_par. (pl. ji_pahin.) grown-up girl (Mand..)(DEDR 5167).

4880.Tiger's milk tree: tillai blinding tree, excoecaria agallocha; mountain slender tiger's milk, excoecaria crenulata (Ta.); tella excoecaria agallocha (Te.); telaki_riya id. (Si.)(DEDR 3256). Excoecaria agallocha, excoecaria camettia, arbor execans: ugaru, gaourai, gangwa, geria (Skt.B.); gangiva, tejbala (H.); kametti, phungali (Ma.); tilla-chedi (Ta.); tillachettu, chilla (Te.); haro (Ka.); arbre aveuglant (Fr.); habitat: found in the forests of India, plentifully in Cochin and Travancore, in salt swamps near the sea... used in epilepsy (Indian Materia Medica, p. 532).

4881.Rice: tu_rn.aka a variety of s'a_li (Car. Su. 27.8). dardura a variety of s.as.t.ika (Car. Su. 27.14).

4882.Faeces: tu_ru (tu_ri-) to go to stool (Ta.); tu_r-uka id. (Ma.); tu.t- (tu.yt-) to void (excrement); torl pi. ordinary loose excrement (Ko.); tu_ru to have a loose motion (Ka.); tu.r- (tu.ri-) to defecate (Kod..); tu_ru to purge (Tu.); du_rya faeces (Skt.)(DEDR 3400).

4883.Idiot: dra_pa mud, mire; heaven, sky; a fool, a blockhead, an idiot; dra_be (Tadbhava of dra_pa) a blockhead, fool, slut (Ka.); de_be, dra_be, dra_bhe (Te.); dra_be wretchedness, poverty, feebleness (Ka.); trash, rubbish (Ka.Te.); a wretched, poor, feeble person (Ka.); dra_be-ma_tu a word lacking force of meaning; dra_be mo_r-e a care-worn, low-spirited face (Ka.lex.)

4884.Image: to turn round: tir-ampu (tir-ampi-) to sprain (Ta.); tir-ampuka to be wrenched, strained (Ma.)(DEDR 3261). cf. tr.i_m- (-t-) to turn round (Pe.); t.in.- to twist (Kuwi)(DEDR 3258).

4885.Fragrance: ti_rre sweet (Kol.); tirre id. (Nk.); tirra(t.) id. (Pa.); tiren, tirent.e, tiro_n (Ga.)(DEDR 3254). ti_m sweet; ti_vu sweetness; ti_yam id., deliciousness; te_m sweetness, pleasantness, fragrance, odour, honey, honey-bee, must of an elephant, toddy; titti sweetness; (-pp-, -tt-) to be sweet, savoury, delicious, pleasing; tittippu sweetness, any sweet eatable (Ta.); tittu, tittippu sweetness (Ma.); tic sweetness (To.); tic in- (id--) to taste sweet; ticil pleasant taste, sweetness; sic = tic, in woman's name Sici.z (also known as Tici.z)(To.); si_, si_yi, siyyane, sihi sweet; si_ya_l.a a tender coconut, water of unripe coconut (Ka.); ti_ku tasteful, savoury; ti_kara, ti_keru sweetish; ti_p sweetness; sweet, fresh; s'i_ sweet; s'i_p sweetness, pleasantness; sweet, pleasant; ci_p sweet (Tu.); tiyya, tiyyani, ti_ya, ti_yana sweet; tiyyadanamu, tiyyana sweetness; ti_pi, ti_pu sweetness, liking, attachment, fondness; sweet; ti_pa_ru to be pleasing, beautiful (Te.); ti_yat. sweet (Go.); tiyani id. (Kond.a); he- to be sweet (Mand..); semba (sembi-), sepa (set-) to be sweet, tasty, palatable; n. sweetness, palatable taste (Kui); he_'ni tasty; hempu he'nai to taste; henu sweetness; he'- (-t-) to be tasty; ti_pa sweet (Kuwi); ti_nna_ to have a sweet aste, be a relish for, please (Kur.)(DEDR 3268a). Honey: te_n- honey; te_n--i_ honey-bee; ti_n-tot.ai beehive (ti_n < ti_m)(Ta.); te_n honey (Ma.); te.n honey, bee (Ko.); to.n id. (To.); je_n, je_nu, te_nu, ge_nu honey (Ka.); te.ni id.; te.n-eri honeycomb; te.m-pul.u honey-bee (Kod..); tiga beehive, honey; ti_ya honey; ci_yata ney id. (Tu.); jigin tuppu id. (Kor.); te_ne id. (Te.); te~_t.i a large black humble-bee, bombinatris glabra (Te.); te.ne honey (Kol.); te_ne id. (Nk.); ti_n ney id. (Pa.); ti_n pinda, ti_ni bee (Pa.); ti_n, ti_nu honey (Ga.); te_ne bee; te_ne ni_y honey (Go.); te_ne honey (Kond.a); ti_ni_ bee (Kur.); tni hohey, bee (Malt.); tin.isa honeycomb (Pkt.)(DEDR 3268b).

4886.To move aside; evade: t.al move aside (Skt.); t.alati is disturbed (Dha_tup.); caus. t.a_layati (Skt.); t.valati is disturbed; a_d.va_layati mixes (Dha_tup.); tvarate_ hurries (Skt.); t.alun to move, stir, get out of the way, elapse (of time)(K.); t.aran.u to move off, be warded off (S.); t.alan. to depart (L.); t.aln.a_ to slip away (P.); t.alan staggering, slipping (B.); t.aln.o (Ku.); t.aliba to be moved (A.); t.al.iba_ to vacillate, be displaced (Or.); t.arab to be broken (of sleep (Mth.); t.arna_ (EH.); t.alna_ to pass by, be displaced (H.); t.alab (Mth.); t.alal to be moved (Bhoj.); t.alvu~ to pass off (G.); t.aln.e~ (M.); t.a_lai removes, frightens away (Pkt.); t.a_lun to defer (K.); t.a_ran.u to drive away (S.); t.a_l evasion, overflow drain; t.a_lan. to remove one thing from the top of another (L.); t.a_ln.a_ to evade, choose (P.); t.a_lo evasion (WPah.); t.a_ln.o to avoid, drive away (Ku.); a_l-t.a_l evasion (N.); t.a_liba to ward off (a blow)(A.); t.a_la_ to evade (B.); t.a_l.iba_ (Or.); t.a_rab to push aside (Mth.); t.a_rna_ (EH.); t.alna_ to avert, evade (H.); t.a_l.vu~ to avoid (G.); t.a_l.n.e~ (M.); t.a_ln.o to pass (time)(Marw.); ta_lna_ to pick out (as weeds)(P.); t.a_layati moves aside (Skt.)(CDIAL 5450). t.arakn.o to withdraw, shun (Ku.); t.arnu to pass by (N.); t.arakiba_ to steal away from a place (Or.); t.a_rnu to spurn, neglect, evade (N.)(CDIAL 5447). To drive: ter..i (-pp-, -tt-) to drive or control by shouting, bluster, casue to sound (as a drum); resound, roar; n. sound, noise; ter..ippu sound, noise, noisy rage (Ta.); tel.ikka to drive cattle with shouts (Ma.)(DEDR 3432). ut.a_l.n.e~ to turn over (M.); ut.a_l.a_ pushing, a lever (M.)(CDIAL 1687). ot.a_riba_ to pull, drag, draw water, lift (Or.); ut.t.a_ra landing place, bank (of a lake etc.)(Pkt.)(CDIAL 1686). To pull: tel^egna_ (telgcas) to tuck up (e.g. garment before sitting)(Kur.); tle to lift (as the corner of a curtain or hem of a dress) (Malt.); ter-ukka to pull up the clothes, as when wading (Ma.)(DEDR 3428). To push: t.helhan.u to push (S.); t.hehlan.a_ to thrust into water (P.); t.hillhn.a_ to plunge into water (P.); t.heln.o to push (Ku.); t.helnu to push, poke; to protrude (N.); t.heliba to push (A.); t.hela_ (B.); t.heliba_ (Or.); t.helab (Mth.); t.hela_ push-cart (H.); t.hela_ id. (Bhoj.P.); t.helvu~ to push (G.); t.heln.e~ (M.); t.elan.o to push, thrust (Ku.); t.helna_ to push (H.); t.iln.o to cram (Ku.)(CDIAL 5512). To push, shove away; reject: tal.l.u (tal.l.i-) to be lost, to fail (Kur-al.,290); to stagger, reel, stumble (Tiv. Periya_r... 2,10,6); to push, force forward, shove away, expel; to reject, disapprove (Tiruva_lava_. 57,22); to neglect (Tan.ikaippu. Kal.avu. 499); to press down (Kampara_. Ula_vi. 4); to turn over, turn back as the leaves of a book; to pass as one's days; to dismiss; be removed, be lost, fail; to incite, stimulate (Kampara_. Campa_. 54); n. pushing, rejecting (Ta.); tal.l.uka to push, thrust, reject, cast off; tal.l.al pushing, rejection (Ma.); tal.- (tayl.-) to push, outcaste (Ko.); tol.- (tol.y-) to push (To.); tal.l.u thrust, push (Ma.); tal.l.u to push, shove away, thrust, drive, throw, reject, dismiss, heave; n. pushing etc. (Ka.); talluni, tal.l.uni to push in, press through (Tu.); tala~gu (allomorph tala-), talgu, talu~gu to be lost or removed; remove; way to be cleared of crowds (Te.)(DEDR 3135). tal.l.u to be removed (Ka.); tal. id. (Ta.Tinn.); tal.l.uka id. (Ma.); tal.l.i-vai-ttal to remove a little further off, shift; tal.l.u-p-pul.l.u scuffle; pushing and pulling; tal.l.u-mul.l.u id.; tal.l.u-mel.l.u id.; tal.l.ur-u-tal to be rejected, removed; to be in distress (Kampara_. Ma_ya_ci_. 94)(Ta.lex.) To stagger: tal.l.am-pa_r-u-tal to reel, stagger (Tiv. Peruma_l.. 7,6); to totter as a house about to fall; to sway as a tree; to be in perturbation as a family on the death of its head or on the verge of ruin; tal.l.a_t.u-tal to move with faltering steps (Pa_rata. Kirut.t.in.a. 238); tal.ampu-tal to be unsteady as a floating pot (Ta.lex.)

4887.Boiling: tal.-tal.-en-al expr. of bubbling, as boiling water (Ta.); tal.atal.ane, tal.apal.ane with a briskly bubbling noise in boiling; tal.apal.ala the noise of boiling water or the brisk bubbling up of water in boiling; dal. sound in imitation of that of boiling (Ka.); tal.apal.a a bubbling noise (Tu.)(DEDR 3126). Image: to boil: til.ai (-pp-, -tt-) to boil (Na_.); tal.ai (-pp-, -tt-) id., to bubble (Ta.); til.a bubbling up; til.ekka to bubble up, boil over, overbear, presume; til.eppu bubbling over, arrogance, triumph; til.appikka to boil, rouse passion (Ma.)(DEDR 3257). tulan:ku-tal to be agitated, disturbed (Tiruva_ca. 6,28)(Ta.lex.)

4888.Slander: tal.ukan- deceitful fellow, liar; tal.uku fraud, lie (Ta.Ka.)(Ta.lex.) tal.l.i calumny, slander (Ka.); taral.e slander (Ka.); tal.l.i id., defamation; taral. id., backbiting, tale-bearing (Tu.)(DEDR 3134). dalba_ a bait; deceit, fraud, deception; dalba_ den.a_ to deceive, to bait, to entice by baiting (P.lex.)

4889.Empty: t.halla poor, penniless (Pkt.) t.haliya empty (Pkt.); t.halho empty; t.halhi unproductive (P.); t.ha_la_ unemployed; t.ha_l leisure (H.); t.ha_la empty (OG.); t.ha_lu~ empty, unemployed (G.)(CDIAL 5497). ta_l.ikkam prosperity; ta_l.ikkai high price or value (Ta.lex.)

4890.Race: tal.i a race, a family; a stock or breed (Ka.); thal.a (M.); tal.i-dana cattle of a good breed (Ka.lex.) tal.ai relationship, friendship (Cu_t.a_.)(Ta.lex.) Tribe: thar.o tribe, sect (Ku.); thad.a collection (Pkt.); thar family, clan, sub-caste; thari head of a clan (N.); thari sort, kind (N.)(CDIAL 13714). Tribe, family: carapat.i, caravat.i tribe, family (Ta.); sarabad.i id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.) cf. tar-va_t. a system of heredity (Ma.lex.) da_dak paternal ancestors (generally used in the plural); da_daka_ pertaining to paternal ancestors (P.lex.) cf. da_ya_da receiving inheritance (Vedic.lex.)

4891.Image: drop of water: tal.i drop of water, rain drop (Kalit. 13); first shower of rain (Paripa_. 8,91); cloud (Kalit. 50,16); coolness (Ilak. Aka.); tal.i-ttal to drip as rain (Ain:kur-u. 328); to sprinkle (Na_.)(Ta.lex.) tul.l.am little drop of water (Tiv. Periya_r... 5,1,7)(Ta.lex.) ti_rpa- to cleanse the floor with cowdung and water (Kond.a); ti_r- (-t-) to sprinkle; intens. ti_rpa- (Pe.); dir- (-h-), dri-, dir.hali to sprinkle (Kuwi)(DEDR 3280). tel.i (-pp-, -tt-) to strew, scatter, sprinkle, sow as seed, cast up in sifting, winnow; n. sowing as of seeds in a field; tel.ippu winnowing, sprinkling, scattering, sowing; tel.l.u (tel.l.i-) to winnow, waft (as the sea), cast upon the shore; tal.i (-pp-, -tt-) to drip as rain (Ta.); tel.l.uka to sift or winnow by casting up gently in a fan; tel.l.al winnowing; tel.l.i sifted powder; tal.i sprinkling water (Ma.); tal.ikka to sprinkle (Ma.); tel.- (teyl.-) to winnow (flour) gently; teyl.-/tel.c- to sprinkle (Ko.); tal.i to spread by scattering, strew, sprinkle; be scattered about; n. scattering, sprinkling; tal.isu to sprinkle, cause to sprinkle; ten.t.u to winnow corn (Ka.); tal.i- (tal.ip-, tal.ic-) to sprinkle (liquid)(Kod..); talipu sprinkling; talipuni, tal.ipu to sprinkle; telluni to winnow, sift (Tu.); talpi to sprinkle (Kor.); tehc-, tahca_na_, tahci_ta_na_ to winnow; tehca_na_ to sift in a su_pa_ with a tossing motion, not sidewise; tir.pa_na_ to sift earth from grain in a su_pa_; ti_rpa_na_ to sift (Go.); tle to sift (Malt.); telna_ to winnow flour so as to separate it from stones or unground grain (Kur.)(DEDR 3435). te, lapuk to winnow; tirr.i to sprinkle (Santali.lex.) Drop; to shake: tul.i (-pp-, -tt-) to drip, fall in drops as rain, tears, trickle down, rain; sprinkle, let fall in drops; n. raining dripping, globule of water, small quantity (Ta.); a drop of liquid (Kod..); a drop (Ma.); tul.ikka to drop, flow freely (as toddy); tul.umpu to brim over, melt (Ta.); tul.l.i a drop (Ta.Ma.); tol.l.i a drop (Ma.); tol.g to wash one's hands with tears (Ko.); toly- (tolc-) to sprinkle (To.); tol.b- (tol.by-) (liquid) slops over (To.); tul.y a drop (To.); tul.aku to be scatterd in drops, spill, run over (Ka.); tul.uku to sprinkle, scatter in drops, shed, throw as arrows (Ka.); sul.iyuni to overflow (Tu.); tol.nki id. (Kor.); toluku to rain (Te.); be spilled, overflow (Te.); tolakari the beginning of the rainy season (Te.); tulucu to shed, as fruit, powder, etc. (Te.); tod.a_ku, tona_ku, tola_ku slight agitation or motion in a liquid (Te.); tonk-e_r to trickle out (Ga.); tor.k- to spill (water) from a vessel by shaking (Kond.a)(DEDR 3361). tul.anku to move, sway from side to side as an elephant, shake, be uprooted, droop (Ta.)(DEDR 3359). tu_l.u, tul.aga, tu_n.a violent agitation, frenzy, demoniac possession (Ka.); tuval. (tuval.v-, tuvan.t.-) to quiver, tremble (Ta.); tu.l. power of a god (To.)(DEDR 3354). [cf. oliyal river (Ta.); oliyuka, olikka to flow (Ma.); o_lo_la falling in drops, trickling (Ma.); uli waterfall (Ir.)(DEDR 999). va_luka to be distilled, strained (Ma.); va_r-r-u straining, distilling (Ma.)(DEDR 5367). olku (olki-) to shake, move, wave (Ta.); ulukku (ulukki-) to shake, tremble (as in an earthquake)(Ta.); ulavu agitation (Ma.); ulakkam shake, shudder (Ma.); ole act of shaking, trembling, etc. (Ka.); ul.ku, ulku, ul.uku the body to shake, tremble, be agitated (Ka.); oli- (oliv-, olinj-) (fruit) drops from tree in large quantities (Kod..); ulucu to brandish, wave, shake; olayu to swing, shake, move (Te.)(DEDR 1003)].

4892.Image: rimmed plate: tal.ige, tan.ige a metal plate turned up at the rim (Ka.Ma.); tal.ikai (Ta.); tal.ige, tal.iye, tal.ihe (Te.); stha_li_, stha_la (Skt.); tha_li_, tha_l.a_, tha_l.i_ (M.); tallika_ a certain vessel (Skt.); ta_r..i an earthen wash-hand basin (M.)(Ka.lex.) Basin of a well: tha_l.u~ basin of a well (G.)(CDIAL 13766). tarsoa_ side spring in a well (Mth.)(CDIAL 5630). tha_l.a_ metal plate (M.); tha_l.o (G.); tha_lu tha_lhu (S.); tha_l (P.H.); tali (Si.); tha_la (Pkt.); stha_la (Skt.)(Bloch, p. 348). tha_li_ a small metallic dish; a dish like a soap plate made of bell metal (P.lex.) Image: oil-vessel of a lamp: tal.i < stha_li_ oil-vessel of a lamp; lamp-stand; ta_l.i < stha_li_ earthen lamp-bowl (Ta.lex.) sthala_ receptacle (TS. i.6.10.5)(Vedic.lex.) Image: eating-plate: tal.am jar, waterpot (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) tal.ikai eating-plate, platter (S.I.I. ii,211); tal.ukai id. (Ta.); tal.ika id. (Ma.); taliga id. (Te.); talige id. (Ka.); tal.ikai cooking (Ta.Vais.n..); a certain quantity of boiled rice offered to idols in temples (Ta.Vais.n.. I.M.P.S.A. 148); solidified porridge; tal.icai id.; tal.ikai-camarppittal to take boiled rice etc. for offering to idols; to offer boiled rice to idols (Ta.lex.)

4893.Image: throat: ta_luge, ta_l.ige, ta_luka, ta_luge, ta_l.ige, ta_l.uge, ta_l.ge the palate; the throat (Ka.); ta_luka palate (Skt.); the cheek (Ka.) (Ka.lex.) ta_lu-jihva a crocodile; the uvula (Ka.lex.) Image: neck: ta_lu palate; ta_luka the two sides of the tonsil (Vedic.lex.) taren the shoulder of a human being, the neck of an animal on which the yoke rests; kadape taren ocokedea you allowed the neck of the buffalo to be galled by the yoke (Santali.lex.) ta_l. jaws; Adam's apple (Ta.lex.)

4894.Wet-crop; double-crop land: ta_l.-mat.an:kal close of the wet-crop harvest (W.G. 506); ta_l. stem, pedicle, stalk (Ci_vaka. 2802); id. (Ma.); ta_r.. (Ka.); ta_l.at.i stubble (Ta.Ma.); second cultivation (G.Tj.D. I,91); cultivation season; stubble-ploughig season (C.G.); double-crop land (Na_.)(Ta.lex.) cf. matan:kal termination of a yuga (Kalit. 10); summer catch-crop sown after campa_ has been reaped; mat.an:kal ripened sheaf of grain, prostrate in the field (Ta.lex.)

4895.Image: foot of a mountain; spreading over; image: empty ears of corn: ta_r.. stem or stalk of corn, flowers, etc. (Ka.); ta.l.i stem (Kod..); ta_lu empty ears of corn (i.e. straw after threshing)(Te.); ta_l. pin that holds a tenon in mortise (Akana_. 35); bolt, bar, latch (Pu. Ve. 9,24); id. (Ma.); ta_r.. id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Stem: ta_l. lampstand, candle-stick (Ta.lex.) ta_l. foot of a tree or mountain; stem, pedicle, stalk (Ci_vaka. 2802)(Ta.); stalk, stem (chiefly of edible plants), the foot (Ma.); ta.l. stem, trunk, (Ko.); to.l. trunk of tree, slope of hill (To.)(DEDR 3185). Foot of a mountain: ta_l. foot of a tree or mountain (Te_va_. 1156,1); ta_r..varai foot of a mountain (Tirukko_. 130); ta_r..vara id. (Ma.); ta_r..var (Ka.); id. (Cu_l.a_. Ci_ya. 115); ta_r..vu foot of a mountain; ta_l. foot of a tree or mountain (Te_va_. 1156,1); ta_l.varai foot of a mountain (Tiruva_lava_. 44,36)(Ta.lex.) Double-crop land: ta_l.at.i stubble; second cultivation (G.Tj. D. i,91); id. (Ma.); cultivation season; stubble-ploughing season; double-crop land; second beat of sheaves in threshing; ta_l.ati-karu-nilattil at the cultivation season; ta_l.at.i-nat.avu cultivation after ploughing the stubble of the first crop; ta_t.po_r corn-stack that has been threshed by hand but not yet trodden by cattle (C.G.); ta_l.at.i-p-po_r id.; ta_l.a_l.an- person of enterprise, application (Ta.lex.)

4896.Marriage badge: tal.ivam < dala flat piece as of gold (Ci_vaka. 2303)(Ta.lex.) d.ha_ln. a kind of stone used for magical purposes; a gold or silver ornament worn sometimes as an amulet (P.lex.) ta_li marriage badge (Ta.Ma.Ka.Tu.Te.Skt.); ta.l.y a heavy necklace (Ko.); to.ly woman's gold neck ornament (To.); ta_li, ta_l.i a small round plate of gold worn at the neck as a marriage badge, that plate used as an ornament (Ka.)(DEDR 3175). ta_l.ibot.t.u a marriage badge (Te.); ka_ti-ta_li, ka_ti coir; coir made of it (Ka.); kayir-u (Ta.Ma.); katta (Tu.); ka_tha_ (M.); ayar, ayarda_l.i the marriage badge (Ka.); ayire a wife whose husband is alive (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ta_l.isara a necklace composed of ta_l.is, worn by women (Ka.lex.) ta_li central piece of a neck ornament solemnly tied by the bridegroom around the bride's neck as marriage-badge (Ci_vaka. 2697); a child's necklet (Pur-ana_. 77); amulet tied on a child's neck (Pur-ana_. 374); cowry, cypraea moneta (Ain:kur-u. 166); ta_liyampat.ai a child's necklet (Kampara_. Na_t.u. 58); ta_li-k-kat.t.u marriage, as tying the ta_li; ta_li-k-kayir-u twisted thread on which is hung the ta_li; ta_li-c-carat.u id.; ta_likka_ri married woman, as wearing a ta_li; ta_li-k-kot.i braided gold string on which is hung the ta_li; ta_likko_vai string of beads to which the wedding badge is attached; ta_li-kat.t.utal to marry, as tying ta_li (Tan-ippa_. i,195,10); ta_li-kat.t.u-k-kaliya_n.am a nominal marriage in which a ta_li is tied round the neck of a girl, but the person tying is not entitled to the rights of a husband; ta_li-p-pot.t.u disc-shaped ta_li; ta_li-man.i-vat.am string of beads to which the ta_li is attached (S.I.I. ii,171); ta_li-yuru beads of different forms attached to the ta_li; necklace containing the ta_li; ta_li-va_n:kutal to remove the ta_li of a woman on the death of her husband (Ta.lex.)

4897.Image: rope: tal.e a tie, a tether or halter; fetters (Ka.Ma.) (Ka.lex.) tal.aiyam bonds, fetters (Tiruppu. 303); tal.aiya_l.ar those who are fettered in chains, prisoners (E_la_ti, 56)(Ta.lex.) cf. tal.e, dal.e loop of rope, noose (Kod..); dal.e to join by sewing together, seam (Ka.); tal.ai (-v-, -nt-) to fasten, bind, chain (Ta.); talugu, talagu tether or halter for cattle (Te.)(DEDR 3133). cf. ta_r, ta_ram cord, rope (Ta.); da_ra string, thread (Ka.Tu.); waist-band, girdle (Te.)(DEDR 3167). Image: entanglement: tol.asu, tod.aku entanglement (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: to tie two beasts together: tal.aku, takke, tal.aku ha_ku to tie two beasts together (Ka.lex.) dhalia_ra_ ropes tied so as to put them to the neck and mouth of a cow, bullock and buffalo and ended to the nape of neck (P.lex.)

4898.Image: to split; fissure: dala piece split off, fragment (Sus'r.); a half (VarBr.S.); piece (Pkt.); dj^u smalll piece of cloth (K.); d.aru a breadth of cloth (S.); dali_ bundle of lighted sticks of pine (WPah.); dal fragment, thickness (of a board, etc.)(B.); dal. half (M.); dalaya division, part (Si.)(CDIAL 6213). dara piece; daram a little; adj. little (Skt.); little; a half (Pkt.); a little, partially (common in cmpds.)(Or.)(CDIAL 6187). dari_ carpet (P.H.); d.ari_ piece of matting (S.); dari carpet (N.B.Or.)(CDIAL 6194). dalana splitting (BhP.); breaking (Skt.); dalan.a one who grinds; grinding, crushing (Pkt.); dalali_ small roof-beam (Ash.); dalyun^u, dali splitting (of timber), husking (K.); dalin small cross rafter (N.); d.alan rolling or flattening with a muller; d.alna_ small roller, muller (B.); dal.an.a_ kneading; Brickbat, stones: dal.an.i_ brickbat, stones (Or.); dal.n.u~ corn prepared for grinding, grist (G.); dal.an. (M.); dalim = dalin small cross rafter (N.); dalama building material (Or.)(CDIAL 6217). dalati cracks, splits (Sus'r.); dalayati (Dha_tup.); dalati bursts (Pali); dale_ti (Pali); dalai, daliu_n.a, pp. dalia (Pkt.); dal to burst (Pas'.); dalun to husk grain, skin (K.); d.aran.u to split into two; to grind coarsely (S.); dal.n.a_ to chop firewood, crush grain, grind coarsely (P.); daln.u~ to churn (WPah.); daln.o to split, oppress, rule over (Ku.); dalnu to crush, grind, rub, trample (N.); dala_, d.ala_ to rub, grind (on a stone), knead, shampoo, flatten (B.); dal.iba_ to bruise, press together, destroy (Or.); dalna_ to grind coarsely (H.); dal.vu~ to crush, grind, work hard for wages (G.); dal.n.e~ to grind (M.); dal.ta_ (Konkan.i); daliba to crush, destroy (A.)(CDIAL 6216). d.allan. to split, burst (L.)(CDIAL 6222). d.al crack, split (L.); d.ali_k crack in the soil (L.)(CDIAL 6221). darayati causes to split (RV.); darya_unu to half-crush (N.); darakn.a_ to be split, have diarrhoea (P.); darkan.o to split (Ku.); darkanu to split, be scarred (of a hillside), fall in torrents (of rain)(N.); darakiba_ to be torn (Or.); darakna_ (H.); darar.na_ to grind coarsely (P.); dara_r. crack (H.); dara_d.n.e~ to storm at, threaten (M.); daral.iba_ to knead, press together in a mass (Or.); dardara_ coarsely ground (P.); dardarnu to pound (N.); dardarn.e~ to froth up (M.)(CDIAL 6192). dara_r crack, rent (P.H.)(CDIAL 6193). dardara split, broken (Skt.); daddara noise of grinding (pali); dodur^u decayed, rotten; dadr^u hollow tree, hollow in a tree (K.); d.ad.aru coarsely ground; piece of anything coarsely ground or pounded (S.); d.ad.ra_ coarsely ground (L.); dardara_ (P.); dadara_ cracked, slightly broken, worn (Or.); dadri_ unripe corn cut from time to time and brought home for eating without being taken to the threshing floor (H.); dodru~ shattered (G.); da~_dru~ roughness of skin (G.); ddura a rent, a split, sound as of distant thunder; diya-ddura showering bath (Si.); daddara ladder, staircase (Pkt.); da_dar slats on roof to which slates or tiles are fastened (Ku.); ladderlike and movable staircase, shutter over a staircase, bridge (M.); da_dri_ bridge; da_dra_ shutter over staircase, hole in roof for smoke-vent, cloth tied over a vessel (M.)(CDIAL 6196). dardarti splits (RV.); dodarun to be worn out (of clothes), be weak (of men), decay, rot (K.); d.ad.iran.u to pound or grind coarsely (S.); dedaranava_ to split, rend, perforate (Si.); da_diri opened, expanded (Si.)(CDIAL 6197). dalita burst (MBh.); ground (Skt.); dai powdering coarsely, splitting grain (Ku.); d.aryo coarsely ground wheat (S.); dalia_, dalya_ coarsely ground grain (P.); daliya_ bruised grain, split pulse (H.)(CDIAL 6220). dalai~ti_, dale~ti_, dalaiti_ handmill for grinding, bruising or splitting (H.)(CDIAL 6219). da_li_, da_liya_ split pea (Pkt.); da_l (K.); d.a_ri pulse; d.a_ro split half of ground grain (S.); da_l peas of gram etc. (L.); d.a_la_ wheatmeal (L.); da_l, d.a_l split pulse (P.); da_li_ lentils (WPah.); da_l, da_li_, da_w, da_r split peas (Ku.); da_l lentils (N.); da_il split pulse (A.); d.a_li, d.a_il, d.a_l (B.); d.a_li, da_el split peas (Or.); da_l (Bi.); da_li pulse, vetch (Mth.); da_rⁱ (Aw.); da_l, da_r (H.); da_l.ⁱ split peas (G.); da_l., d.a_l. (M.); da_la split peas (Skt.)(CDIAL 6309). da_ra rent, hole, cleft (Ta_n.d.yar.); da_ri_ (Sus'r.); da_ru fissure, cleft (S.)(CDIAL 6292). da_rayati tears asunder, scatters (MBh.); da_ram.ta tearing, crushing (Pkt.); pp. da_ria (Pkt.); d.a_ran.u to split, crack (S.); da_riba (A.); da_rna_ (H.); da_rvu~ (G.); dar- to fear (Gypsy)(CDIAL 6295). da_l crack (in soil, wood, etc.)(WPah.)(CDIAL 6308). da_layati causes to burst (Sus'r.); da_le_ti causes to burst or split (Pali); da_l to break, tear, chop (of wood)(Pas'.); d.a_li to tear asunder (Gaw.); d.a_lan. to split, break, crush (L.); da_liya half (Si.)(CDIAL 6310).

4899.A defensive weapon: tal.l.i-vet.t.i a military engine for defence, matir-por-i-vakai (Cilap. 15,216, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)

4900.Hole in the ground to hold fire: tha_l., tha_l.i_ hole in the ground to hold fire (M.)(CDIAL 13766). tar..umpu (tar..umpi-) to be scarred, bruised, marked; n. scar, cicatrice, bruise (Ta.); tar..ampu scar, wart (Ma.); tal.m (obl. tal.t-) swelling raised by a blow, weal (Ko.); dali an inflamed patch of skin, blotch (Kui); t.ad.a scar, spot (Malt.)(DEDR 3118).

4901.Image: to pour: cellisu, callisu to cause to pour, as brandy on the ground, to cause to throw or put down, as a tree, to cause to throw about or spread as grass (Ka.lex.)

4902.Marshy: daluya_ boggy (B.); dalakna_ to tremble, glitter (H.); daldal marsh, mud (N.); daldalni quagmire (A.); daldaliya_ muddy (A.); daldal quagmire, flabbiness (B.); daldaliya_ boggy (B.); daladala tremulous (Or.); daldal marsh (H.M.)(CDIAL 6212). cf. dalahi, daldalahi, dalhi, thala a marsh; jhil a shallow marsh (Santali.lex.) tal.e, tal.ea_ marsh (Kon.lex.) Mud, mire: tol.ku slush, mire (Kampara_. Va_liva. 73); tol.l.am mud, mire (Iraku. Ilavan.an-. 15); tol.l.i mud, soft mire (Kalla_. 36,1); tol.i mud, soft mire (ur..a_ nun.t.ol.i : Cilap. 10,120)(Ta.lex.)

4903.Valley; bank: thar.i_ quadrangular heap of cotton or cloth (G.); thad. valley or strath near a river, bank, shore, limit, end (M.); thai_ mass, heap (H.)(CDIAL 13715). Uplands: tha_l mud (M.); thalli_ uplands from which water runs off (P.); thalli rice plant from the seed bed (WPah.)(CDIAL 13745). dhara_t.i earth heaped up for an embankment (B.)(CDIAL 6794). ?cf. te_ri sandhill (Ta.); hillock, swelling on the ground (Ma.)(DEDR 3461). Island; bank, shore, land: tar.a_ island (H.); tat.a bank, side of hill (Pali); slope, shore (MBh.); tat.i_ bank (Pali); tad.a, tad.i_ shore (Pkt.); tar.u landing place, bathing place, bathing; tar.i_ mooring peg on shore (S.); ter. bank, edge, end (G.); tar. bank, shore, land (B.); bank, land (as opposed to water)(Ku.); adj. shallow (Ku.); side, party, faction (H.); party, sect (G.); tad. party, faction, feud (M.); bank, side, end (M.); tala sea-shore, bank (Si.); tar.a_ bank, shore, land (B.); bank of pond or river (Or.); tar.i id. (Or.); tar.a bank, shore (Or.)(CDIAL 5629). tri_i border (Kal.); tir. sloping bank cut out of steep sides of a river etc., for landing or for watering cattle, landing place, ford (L.); ford, crossing place of river or canal (L.)(CDIAL 5629).

4904.Bank of stream: d.ani_ bank of stream (S.); d.a~_ra_ channel (A.)(CDIAL 6128).

4905.Floor: dol ground, floor (Pe.); dojjo floor; tojjo ground; tojo, cho_jjo_ floor (Kuwi)[the Kuwi forms are originally locatives of *tol](DEDR 3518). talima floor (Skt.); upper storey of a house (Pkt.); talyum^u lowest, lower (K.); talva~_ low (L.)(CDIAL 5740). cf. ta_r.. to fall low, be lowered (Ta.)(DEDR 3178). Level ground: t.a_r., t.a~_r. stretch of raised infertile soil (Bi.); t.a_l.i_ open terrace (M.); t.a_r level piece of ground above a stream (N.); t.a_ri unirrigated rice-field (N.)(CDIAL 5455). Surface; level, ground: tala surface, flat roof (MBh.); level, ground surface, bottom (Pali.Pkt.); taru surface, floor, bottom (of pond, etc.)(S.); tal ground, floor of a house (WPah.); tal.a flat surface (Or.); tal. central board in a potter's wheel (M.); tal.iyu~ flat surface, bottom (G.); tall ground, floor (WPah.)(CDIAL 5731). talam place, site; sacred place, shrine; earth, land; worlds; chief or principal place, as the metropolis, head-quarters, the court; that part of a town where the authorities reside; tala-va_ri enumeration of cultivated lands; talatta_r officers of a temple (T.A.S. iv,114); tala-k-ka_val system of guarding a tract of country against open marauders; office of watching produce and performing general duties, as collecting revenue; talai-k-karai land adjoining a field (T.A.S. i,199); talaikkai most eminent person (Perun.. Narava_n.a. 7,83)(Ta.lex.) Dry land; field of crops: sthala dry land (TS.); ground, place (Mn.); flat surface, roof (Skt.); sthala_ heap of earth (TS.); sthali_ eminence, tableland (MBh.); thala dry ground (Pali); dry place, place (Pkt.); high dry land (OAw.); land (OMarw.); thali_ dry place (Pkt.); doorstep (OMarw.); thal place (K.); sandy upland (L.); sandy soil (L.); sandy region, desert (P.); dry or firm ground, place, shrine (Ku.); place (N.); dry ground, flat ground, plain, place (A.); flat surface, bottom, place (B.); firm dry ground, ground, mound, den (H.); thuj^u dry ground suitable for seed beds (K.); tharu desert, esp. that east of Sindh (whence thari_ pertaining to the desert)(S.)[cf. sthu_r thick saline crust on the surface of the soil that renders it unproductive; the phenomenon afflicts extensive tracts of land in Sindh province of Pakistan; sthu_ri unproductive (RV. x.131.3)(Vedic.lex.)]; tharjan.u to be filled with sand (S.); thali flat raised land (Ku.); place where something is planted (N.); dry place, field of crops (A.); thalo place where bullocks tread out rice (N.); earth (OMarw.); thal.a ground, ford, plain, place (Or.); thal.i level field (Or.); gor.tharia_ foot board of a bed (Mth.); thal. place, haunted spot (G.); plantation, place, haunted spot (M.); thal.i_ plantation (M.); tala-ya, tala_ dry land, high ground, hill (Si.)(CDIAL 13744). thalu firm land (S.)(CDIAL 13745). Dry: ta_r-uka to become thin, droop (Ma.); targ ar.- (at.-) to become lean (Ko.); to.x- (to.xy-) to become lean, slender (To.); ta_r-, ta_r-u to become dry, dry up, wither, wane, become emaciated; ta_r-ad.i state of becoming or being dry; ta_r-iga a dry, sapless man; tar-agu that which is dried or to be dried, dry, fallen or dead leaves, a cake fried in oil and dried; tar-al.e state of being dry, useless, vain; taral.u, tarl.u, tal.l.u, tar-al a ripe fruit that has become dry, esp. a coconut (Ka.); tarn.t.uni, tarun.t.u to shrivel; targod. leanness; sarn:god.e a slender man (Tu.); darla dried leaves (Kor.); ta_r-u, ta_ru to fall away in flesh, become lean, diminish, be reduced; tra_d.vad.u to become lean (Te.)(DEDR 3192).

4906.Patch of ground: dal.e~, dal.he~ patch of ground (M.); dal.a_, dal.ha_ banked-up plot in a garden for vegetables (M.); dj^u small plot of ground (e.g. seed-bed)(K.)(CDIAL 6213). thalli_ high lands from which the water runs off quickly (P.lex.) dal.e (Tadbhava of dala) a portion or division of a paddy-field; dala a part, portion (Ka.lex.) tal.ai paddy field as divided into plots (Kampara_. Kan:kai. 5)(Ta.lex.) tal.ai-po_t.u-tal to put up ridge as in a field (Ta.lex.) Image: piece: tol.e a separate piece of division, one of the divisions in an orange, jack fruit, cotton-pod etc. (Ka.); tone, tole (Te.); col.ai, cul.ai (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) cf. tor..i to be split, scatterd (Ci_vaka. 2673)(Ta.lex.) talla_, tallah low ground, that part of a plain which is contiguous to a mountain; a portion of the heap of the grain which is reserved to pay the kamins (each of whom gets what he is entitled to therefrom) after it is divided between land-lord and tenant (P.lex.) talka < ta'aluqah (Arabic) landed possessions, an estate; a district, a division of a province; talka_ da_r the holder of a talka_; the original proprietor. In the Jhang district a cultivator, who, during the reign of Diwan Sawan Mal, became so independent that he was created proprietor of the soil at the first Settlemet, subject to a small cash ma_lika_na_ payment (P.lex.)

4907.Image: young corn plant: tu_r young corn plants (G.)(CDIAL 5904). cf. tul.ir bud, sprout, young leaf, tender foliage (Ta.)(DEDR 3362). cf. dul sapling (Mand..)(DEDR 3517). Spreading over; image: sprout: ta_r.. stem or stalk or corn, flowers, etc. (Ka.); ta.l.i stem (Kod..); ta_lu empty ears of corn (i.e. straw after threshing)(Te.); ta_l. foot of a tree or mountain, stem, pedicle, stalk (Ta.); stalk, stem (chiefly of edible plants), the foot (Ma.); ta.l. stem, trunk, (Ko.); to.l. trunk of tree (To.)(DEDR 3185). tar..uval a handful of ears of grain; tar..aital to thrive, grow luxuriant, as plants (Kampara_. Cittira. 9)(Ta.lex.) Image: leaf: dala leaf, petal (MBh.Pali.Pkt.); dal. (G.M.)(CDIAL 6214). caruku dried leaf (Ven:kaikko_. 173); taragu id. (Ka.); caruku betel leaf (Ta.lex.) cf. s'us. dry (Skt.) tal.am leaf; petal (Ta.lex.) tal.i, tal.al to shoot, to sprout, to put forth leaves etc. (Ka.); tar..e (Ma.); tar..ai (Ta.); tar..e a shoot, a green twig with leaves (Ma.); tal.ir to shoot, to sprout, to put forth leaves (Ka.Ta.Ma.); talircu (Te.); tal.ir a young shoot, a sprout, a new leaf or new leaves (Ka.Ta.Ma.Tu.); taliru (Te.)(Ka.lex.) Image: tender sprout: d.i_ra new shoot (Pkt.); d.i_r (M.)(CDIAL 5555). d.i_- (-t-) (flower) to bloom, (person) to wear flower (Pe.); (flower) to bloom (Mand..)(DEDR 2960). tal.ir sprout, tender shoot, bud (Tol. Po. 642); id. (Ka.Ma.); tal.ir-ttal to shoot forth, sprout; to put forth leaves (Ci_vaka. 545); to rejoice (Kampara_. Ta_n-aika_n.. 28); tal.irppu sprouting; enthusiasm, rejoicing (Kantapu. Vi_rapat. 39); tal.iriyal damsel tender as a sprout (Ci_vaka. 1147)(Ta.lex.) tar..uval a handful of ears of grain; tar..aital to thrive, grow luxuriant, as plants (Kampara_. Cittira. 9)(Ta.lex.) tar..ai (-v-, -nt-) to sprout, shoot forth, grow luxuriant (as plants); (-pp-, -tt-) to flourish, thrive, prosper (as a family, people, state); n. sprouting, sprout, shoot, twig, bough with leaves, peacock's tail, fan, a kind of garland; tar..aivu sprouting, shooting, germinating, foliage; tar..aippu flourishing, thriving (Ta.); tar.. shoot, green twig with leaves, royal umbrella; tar..ekka to shoot, sprout, thrive; tar..appu thriving condition; tar..appikka to make to thrive or prosper; ter..uku new leaves; ter..ukka (trees) bud, sprout, thrive (as a house after misfortunes)(Ma.); dal.e, dal.i to become abundant as fruits, leaves, etc., on a tree, spread smallpox or itch over the body; dal.l.isu to spread widely, increase; tar..e parasol, umbrella (Ka.); dalga (dalgi-) to spread over a space, increase in extent, overspread, overcast; n. extention, a spreading over (Kui); trikking to sprout, protrude; trikk sprouting, shoot (Br.)(DEDR 3119). tal.ir sprout, tender shoot (Ta.Ma.Ka.)(DEDR 3131). ta_r-r-u-k-katir clustered ears of grain [cf. ta_r-u bunch, cluster (Ta.Ka.)(DEDR 3189) (Ta.lex.)] tal.ir sprout, tender shoot (Ta.); bud, new leaf, shoot (Ma.); young shoot, sprout, new leaf or new leaves (Ka.); tayl. breed of cattle (Ko.); tal.al to bud, sprout, shoot (Ka.); tal.i to shoot, sprout; n. race, family stock, breed (Ka.); talaru to bloom, shine, thrive (Te.); taliru a sprout, shoot (Te.); da_l- (-it-) to blossom (Kuwi)(DEDR 3131). tul.ir- (-pp-, -tt-) to bud, sprout, shoot, put forth leaves, prosper, thrive; n. bud, sprout, young leaf, tender foliage (Ta.); a bud (Ma.); tul.irkka to bud (Ma.); sur..i tender sprout (Ka.); sul.i, culi sprout (Ka.); tel.elu mango shoot (Ka.); cul.i leaf shoot (Kod..); sul.i a tender shoot, germ or bud (Tu.); cule to sprout (Malt.); culo blade of grass or corn (Malt.)(DEDR 3362). oliyal luxuriance, shoot, sprout (Ta.); oli to shoot forth, be luxuriant, prosper, thrive (Ta.); ulavai green twig with leaves upon it, branch of a tree, grove (Ta.); ole to appear, come to light (Ka.); ulevuni to shine (Tu.); olayu to appear, arise, happen, occur, increase, shine (Te.)(DEDR 997).

4908.To pound; goldsmith's instrument for making gold-leaf: tharna_ goldsmith's instrument for making gold-leaf (H.)(CDIAL 13686). tharna_ to beat metal out with a small hammer (H.)(CDIAL 13687). tarukku (tarukki-) to pound, break, pierce, injure, torment (Ta.); tarakkuka to deprive rice of its husk (Ma.)(DEDR 3099). taykkuka (tacc-), takkuka, taikka to strike (Ma.); tac- to kill (animal)(Ko.); toc- to beat (To.)(DEDR 3089). talaut.a_, taraut.a_ lower millstone (Bi.)(CDIAL 5737). tioli lower millstone (WPah.)(CDIAL 5241). To strike: tallu (talli-) to beat, crush (Ta.); tallu a blow, stroke, beating; talluka to strike, beat; tallikka to cause to beat (Ma.); dalliyuni to slap, beat (Tu.); talgu to strike (Te.); talg- to strike, hit, hit the mark (Go.)(DEDR 3105). tal.isu to pound, beat, deprice rice of its bran by pounding (Ka.); talpuni to thresh as paddy; talu threshed, beaten; ta_l.pu to knock, shake off (Tu.); dalsa_na_ to pound (with fists or club), thresh with a flail; dalsa_na_, dolsa_na_ to pound (Go.); talappa a stroke, slap with the palm (Apabhram.s'a)(DEDR 3130). talati fixes, accomplishes; ta_layati (Dha_tup.); talita placed (Skt.); tel to throw (Wot..); tilai to place, put on (Gaw.); tal to place, put, pour out, strike (Bshk.); talu_sa to throw, pour (Tor.); tal, thal to throw (Sv.)(CDIAL 5735). alai (-pp-, -tt-) to beat, slap (Ta.); hal-, hala_sna_ to beat; halhi-halha a_- to exchange blows; halsna_ to beat (Go.)(DEDR 2374).

4909.Temple: talatta_r officers of a temple (T.A.S. iv,114); talam sacred place, shrine (Piramo_t. Paca_. 42); talai-nilam first place (Na_lat.i, 133)(Ta.lex.) tal.i temple, sacred shrine (Ci_vaka. 306); id. (Ka.Ma.); place, room (Ci_vaka. 2579); tal.i-c-ce_ri street of the dancing-girls attached to a temple (S.I.I. ii,261); tal.i-p-pen.t.ukal. dancing-girls attached to a temple (Cilap. 16,103, Urai.); tal.iyala_r id. (Cilap. 22,142, Arum.); tal.iyala_l. dancing-girl attached to a temple (Vir-alivit.u. 151); cf. sthali_ (Ta.lex.) d.halain.t an armed servant in the train of a great man; a constable, a targeteer (P.lex.) Choultry: tal.i a fence; a place of refuge, an asylum, a covert; a choultry for travellers; the building appointed for the distribution of food to bra_hman.as (Ka.Ta.Ma.); tal.igo_n.t.e a fort with a choultry etc. (Ka.lex.) d.ha_lan. to offer stores for sale where encamped (merchants)(P.lex.)

4910.Village headman; general: dalai, dalui a surname (B.); dalapati nom. prop. inscr. (Skt.); dal.a_i village headman, head constable, family title of a class of S'u_dras (Or.); dal.vai, dal.vi_ general (M.)(CDIAL 6218). Party; army: d.a_r, d.a_l herd (of deer), flock (of birds), flight (of locusts)(L.)(CDIAL 6292). cf. dala party, band (Skt. < Drav.); army (Pkt.); dalo party, group (Sh.); dal, d.al company, party (K.); army, flight of locusts (L.); d.al, d.a_l, da_l party, section, herd of horses (Kho.)(CDIAL 6215). Army: dar..a an army containing infantr, cavalry, elephants, and chariots; a common force or troop; dat.t.u (Ka.); dala, dal.a a detachment, a body of men (Ka.); dar..apati, dar..ava_yi a general; dar..amukhaya_ditya a sun among generals (Ka.lex.) dala party, band (Skt.); army (Pkt.); dalo party, group (Sh.); dal., d.al company, party (K.); dal, d.al army, flight of locusts (L.); dal army, swarm (P.); army, band, flock (N.); company (A.B.); troop, company (H.Bhoj.); dal.a party, herd (Or.); dara army (OAw.); dal. army (G.M.); d.al, d.a_l, da_l party, section, herd of horses (Kho.)(CDIAL 6215). tal.akarttam office of commander (Maturaittirup. Maturaittala. Pak. 2); tal.akarttan- captain, general, marshal, commander-in-chief (Tiruve_n.. Cata. 8); tal.apati id.; tal.acin:kam a valiant soldier, as a lion in battle (Pirapo_ta. 24,28); tal.am army (Ta_yu.Para_yara. 283); id. (Ma.) dal.am id. (Ka.); tal.ava_y military commander, minister of war (Tiruve_n.. Cata. 89); dalava_y (Ka.); dal.ava_yi (Te.); tal.ava_n- id. (Iraku. Nakara. 13)(Ta.lex.) tal.ava_ra, tal.a_ra, tala_ri watchman, beadle (Ka.); tal.ava_re village watchman (Tu.); tala_ri watchman (Te.); tala_ra(ka)-, talavarga city guard (Skt.); tala_ra town watchman (Pkt.); tal.va_r an officer of a village; tara_l. a man of low caste whose duty it is to protect a village (M.)(DEDR 3129). Watchman: tal.ava_ra, tala_ri, tal.avara, tal.a_ra, tal.a_r-a (Tadbhava of sthalava_ra) a watchman, a beadle (who in Mysore generally is a besta, occasionally a holeya)(Ka.) (Ka.lex.) talaimai leadership, pre-eminence; talaivan- chief, headman, lord; fem. talaivi (Ta.); tas- superior division of ti. dairy (To.)(DEDR 3103). tal.ai office of Ut.aiya_r in certain districts (J.); tal.ai-vaittal to invest with the office of Ut.aiya_r; tal.aiyan- headman of certain castes viz., mar-avan-, kuyavan-, ca_n-r-a_r (J.); tal.ai-k-ka_n.am a kind of tax (Insc.)(Ta.lex.) cf. ut.aiya_r hon. pl. lord, master (S.I.I. ii,306); a village official in north and east Ceylon; ut.aiya_r-ca_lai place where food is served in a temple (S.I.I. ii,133) (Ta.lex.)

4911.Masquerade: jala_li a sort of masquerade at the Moharam (Ka.); jala_ri, jala_li (Te.H.)(Ka.lex.)

4912.Head, forehead: talak crown of head (Orm.); ta_lu, ta_lua top of head (Pkt.); ta_k forehead (Wg.); talu top of head (Dm.); ta_lug top of head, temples (Shum.);; ta_luk top of head (Gaw.); ta_l top of head (Tor.Phal.); crown of head (K.); ta_lo forehead (Chil.); ta_lu forehead (Sh.); top of head (N.A.B.); crown of head (G.); ta_lu_ top of head (L.); lower part of skull (H.); ta_lu~_ crown of head (L.); ta_l.u top of head (Or.); crown of head (Konkan.i); ta_l.u_, t.a_l.u_ forepart of head (M.); ta_lko upper part of a cap (WPah.); ta_lki_ crown of head (G.); ta_lku~, t.a_lku~ crown of head (G.); t.a_uko head (N.); t.au~ki~ forepart of skull (M.); ista_li top of head (Kal.)(CDIAL 5803). d.oi_ head (H.M.); d.ok korik to take someone on one's back (Kho.); d.ok neck; d.oku~ head (G.); d.oke~ (M.); d.oko basket carried on back and shoulders (Ku.N.); d.eka forehead (K.); ta_l.ua_ top of head (Or.); ta_ru_ (OH.)(CDIAL 5566). talai head, top, hair (Ta.); talaivan- chief, headman, lord (Ta.); tala head, top, point (Ma.); head, hair of the head, top, end, front; place, side, quarter (Te.); head (Kond.a): tal head (Kol.Nk.Ga.); head, top, above (Ko.); head, end, edge (To.); tale, tala head (Ka.); tallu (pl. talkil) head (Ga.); talla, tala_, tala id. (Go.); tlau (pl. tla_ka) head, hair of head (Kui); thr.a_yu_, tra_yu (pl. tra_ka) head (Kuwi); tali hair of head (Malt.); tala hair (Kuwi)(DEDR 3103).

4913.Image: hair of the males: tal.ai hair of the males (Pin..)(Ta.lex.)

4914.Tools: talava_t.am, tal.ava_t.am tools, materials, requisites, tackle, furniture (Ta.Ma.); tal.ampu an instrument for working in mud (Pur-ana_. 61,3); flood-gate, sluice (Ta.lex.) tala the hilt or handle of a sword etc. (Ka.lex.)

4915.Image: platform; seat: ta_r.. the bottom of a carriage (Ka.lex.) thallha_, thalla_ platform, piece of wood for a seat (L.); thalla_ bottom of anything (P.); thalle~_ down (P.); tha_le_ underneath (WPah.); tha_la_ bottom (WPah.)(CDIAL 13745). thall name of a village built in terraces on a plateau above the right bank of Panjkora river (Bshk.); thalo terrace, raised foundation for a house (S.)(CDIAL 13745). stara layer (Skt.); istro_ ceiling (Wg.); s'tro_-kat.e roof board (Kt.); isteru sticks laid over rafters of roof (Kho.); ther thorki to unroll, open out (thuryoiki to open)(Sh.); thara sitting place of brick or stone round a house or tree (K.); thara_ platform (L.); thari wooden handle of sickle, etc. (WPah.); tharpa terrace, hill-top (Ku.); thar 5 or 6 or 8 bundles of paddy laid out (A.); layer, row (B.); layer (H.G.M.)(CDIAL 13685). Pad under saddle; platform: thar.o platform, terrace, pad under saddle (S.); tar. ceiling (Sv.); thar.a_ platform, terrace (H.); thad.e~ erection over spot where a corpse has been buried or burnt (M.); t.hya_ raised platform on which an idol is placed (Ku.); t.hiya_ heap, mound, lump (H.)(CDIAL 13714).

4916.Seasoned food: a_l.ea_n all the spices commonly used in seasoning (Kon.lex.) ta_l.i (-pp-, -tt-) to season and flavour curry etc., with spices fried in ghee or oil, flavour medicine as with ghee, oil; ta_l.ikkai, ta_l.ippu seasoning and flavouring curry (Ta.); ta_l.ikka to season food (Ma.); ta_l.isu to season food, temper, sharpen as weapons; ta_l.ida, ta_l.ada, ta_l.da, ta_l.l.u boiled ad seasoned vegetables (Ka.); ta_lincu to season; ta_limpu seasoning, a seasoned curry; ta_la_bo_yu to season food by pouring in fried spices; n. ta_lupu (Te.); ta_lep seasoning of meats, etc. with spices (Kond.a)(DER 3186). ta_l.ippu seasoning and flavouring curry (Pur-ana_. 127, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)

4917.Tally: ta_l.e tallying, agreement, as of accounts; correspondence, relation of different statements, stories (Ka.); ta_l.a, ta_l.a_ (M.); ta_l.e no_d.u to compare together; ta_l.e bi_r..u to agree with (Ka.lex.)

4918.Interest; wages: thal.a the portion of the produce of a field due from an under-tenant to the landlord (M.)(Ka.lex.) talabu pay, wages; a demand from the creditor upon the debtor; summoning; a summons (Ka.); talaba (M.H.); talabu desire after (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cf. dala_li brokerage (Ka.lex.) talappu < tala_fi (U.) salary, pay (W.G. 504)(Ta.lex.) talaippeyar-tal to redeem, recover (Tol. Po. 147) (Ta.lex.) Brokerage: dalal a broker; dalali, dasturi brokerage (Santali.lex.) dalla_l.i, dala_li, dal.a_l.i, dalla_l.i, dalla_l.itana the business of a broker, brokerage; commission (Ka.); dala_li_ (M.H.); dalla_l.i a broker (Ka.); dala_la (M.H.); dal.a, dala a part, a portion, a fragment (Ka.lex.) taraku brokerage, fee, commission to a middleman, discount allowed in cash payment; taravu id., tax; tarakan- broker (Ta.); taraku percentage, brokerage, customary deduction, paid mediation; tarakan broker (Ma.); targ rent for use of buffaloes (Ko.); taragad.e wastage, loss, deficiency (Ka.); taragu diminishing, wastage; customary deduction, brokerage, commission, fees called customs, small allowance or gratuity given by th eseller, borrower of money, etc., to the broker (Ka.); tar-u~gu, tar-ugu, targu, tar-a_ku to become less, diminish, decrease; deficiency, wastage, loss, wear and tear; tarvu, tar-uvu to become less, decrease; tarugu brokerage or fees called custom; taragu, taragari broker; tarapu to remove, destroy, lower, reduce, deduct (Te.)(DEDR 3090).

4919.Image: whole skin of animal: da_la skin (esp. a whole skin) of sheep, goat etc. (K.)(CDIAL 6308).

4920.Fragrant screwpine: ta_r..e the fragrant screw-pine, pandanus odoratissimus (Ka.Ta.); katta_r..e, kadda_r..e the barbadoes aloe, aloe barbadensis (Ka.); kar-r-a_r..ai (Ta.); kar-r-a-va_r..e, kar-r-a_rva_r..e (Ma.); kalabande (Te.); ta_r..aivarukka aloe (Ta.); kat the small aloe, aloe litoralis; a_ne-katta_r..e the american aloe, agave americana (Ka.lex.) Pandanus odoratissimus, pandanus sativa, anthrodactylis spinosa: ketaki, dhuli puspika (Skt.); fragrant screwpine, caldera bush (Eng.); keora (H.); keora, keya, kea, ketaki (B.); kevda (M.); mogili, gajangi, ketaki (Te.); talum, talamchedi, kedagai, thazhai (Ta.); kaitha, ketaki (Ma.); kedage, mundige (Ka.); kedagi, bondayi (Kon:kan.i); is a shrub with fragran flowers found wild in southern India, Burma and the Andamans; cultivated in gardens in Bengal... Action: bitter, purgative, aromatic... A perfumed oil called kevda oil is extracted from the floral brackets, by means of sesamum oil, and a fragrant otto and aqua-- keorra-ka-arak (prepared by distilling flowering tops or bracts in water 20 parts to 1 of ketaki) are also prepared; both are employed medicinally... oil and the otto are stimulant and antispasmodic and are used in headache and rheumatism... (Indian Materia Medica, p. 894). Aloe indica, aloe barbadensis, aloe barbados, aloe vera: ghrita-kumari (Skt.); Indian aloes (Eng.); ghikanvar, kumari (H.); ghrit-kumari, musabbar (B.); kunvar (G.); pivalaboel, korphad (M.); kalabanda (Te.); kattalai, kumari (Ta.); kathaligida (Ka.); kattavala (Ma.); musanbar (Deccan); elwa (P.); musabbar (K.); habitat: cultivated throughout India in many varieties some of which run wild as on the coasts of Bombay, Gujerat and south India... Parts used: expressed and dried juice of leaves and pulp... Arabian aloes or Aden aloes known as yamini or moka, yielded by aloes indica... Action: stomachic-tonic in small doses... Preparations: confection, tincture, lotion, and juice... (Indian Materia Medica, pp. 73-74).

4921.Leg, foot: ta_l. leg, foot (Kur-al., 9)(Ta.lex.) ta_l. the foot (Ma.); to.l. thigh of animal's hind leg (To.)(DEDR 3185). tal.l.u pushing; tal. push (Ta.); tal.l.u (Ka.); tal.l.uka (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) cf. tal.ar to move, move on or forward (Ka.)(DEDR 3128). dala_n:g a man's pace (P.lex.) Sole: talu_a_ sole of foot (P.); tua_o (WPah.); taluwa_ (Ku.N.); talwa_ (N.); taluwa_ sole, palm (A.); talua_, talwa_ sole (H.); tal.va_vu~ to have tender soles from walking (G.)[cf. tar..umpu scar, bruise (Ta.)(DEDR 3118)]; tal.va_ sole, palm (M.)(CDIAL 5738). talwa~_sa_ abrasion on sole of foot; talwa_sna_ to have soles rubbed by treading on stony ground (H.)(CDIAL 5739). tala (in cmpd. with 'hand' or 'foot') palm, sole (MBh.); tala sole (Pali.Pkt.); ta_l sole of foot (Sh.); tal palm (Sh.); taro sole of shoe (S.); tal sole, palm (B.); tal.a sole, palm (Or.); tal palm (Mth.); tal., tal.u~ sole (G.); taliga_, taliya_ shoe (Pkt.); til palm (Bshk.); tali_ sole, palm (Sh.); tari_, tiri_ palm, sole (S.); tali_ palm, sole (L.); tali_ sole (of shoe or foot), palm (P.); hattei tali (pl. teli_) palm (WPah.); tali_ sole of shoe, hoof of camel (H.); tal.iyu~ sole (G.); tili_ palm, sole (S.); talli_ palm, sole (L.)(CDIAL 5731).

4922.Cast, mould: d.ha_l.u cast, mould; way, style (Ka.); d.ha_l.a (M.); d.a_l.a lustre, radiance; beauty, loveliness, gracefulness (Ka.); d.ha_l.a (M.); d.a_lu, d.a_l.u, da_l.u (Te.)(Ka.lex.) d.ha_lan. to melt, to mould, to form, to figure, to shape, to coin; d.hala_i_, d.hala_un. the price of casting, pouring, melting; d.halna_, d.halja_n.a_ to be cast, to be poured out (as wine into a cup); d.halwa_i_ pouring out, melting; the price of pouring out, melting out (P.lex.)

4923.Image: tall banner: d.ha_l.a, ad.ha_l.a a tall banner; d.a_l.isu to wave around, a fan etc. (Ka.); d.ha_l.an.e_m. (M.) (Ka.lex.)

4924.Shield: d.ha_la shield (Skt.); dl shield (Tir.); d.a_l (Bshk.); d.ha_l, d.ha_w (Ku.); d.ha_l (N.A.B.); d.ha_l.a (Or.); d.ha_l (H.); d.al (pl. d.ale)(Sh.); d.a_l (K.); d.ha_la (S.); d.ha_l (pl. d.ha_la~)(L.); d.ha_l (P.G.M.)(CDIAL 5583). d.ha_la a shield (Ka.); d.a_lu a shield (Ka.Te.Ta.)(Ka.lex.) ad.d.al crossing, obstructing, obstacle, across, sideways; ad.d.ana, ad.d.an.a a shield (Ka.); ad.d.an.a, ad.d.an. a shield (Tu.); ad.d.anamu a shield (Te.); d.a_koli a hide shield (Kui)(DEDR 83). For semant. 'across' cf. d.ha_l a declivity, a slope; an animal or thing with one horn or side erect and the other bent downward (P.lex.)

4925.Image: irrigation channel: thelu a block of wood which is fitted into an irrigation channel so that the water flows evenly over it; the water is then divided into several channels by pegs which fit into the block; t.helan. to cause to ford (P.lex.) Image: flood-gate: tulai flood-gate (Ta.lex.) t.halhan.u to put a stop to (S.); t.hallh stoppage, obstruction (P.)(CDIAL 5497). Image: to obstruct: tal. (tat.p-, tat.t.-) to hinder, obstruct, stop, dam up (Ta.); impeding, impediment, obstacle, delay (Ka.); Image: floodgate, sluice: tal.ampu floodgate, sluice (Ta.); tal.-poy to obstruct, impede, hinder, oppose; tal.uvu to stop, delay; n. delay; tal.pu to obstruct (Ka.); talepuni to hinder, detain; tal.pu to interrupt, cause to stop (Tu.); talupu door (Te.)(DEDR 3123).

4926.Image: bow down: tar..ai to bow down (Ta.); ta_r..mai humility, inferiority (as in rank)(Ta.); ta_r..ppu burying, lowering, inserting, planting (Ta.)[cf.ta_r..i burial urn (Ta.)(DEDR 3182)]; dangi, dangidi bent, inclined (Tu.); dangelu bending, inclination (Tu.)(DEDR 3178). cf. stha_li_ (Skt.)(CDIAL 13766). Underground cellar: ta_r..-var-ai vault, underground cellar (Ta.lex.)

4927.Image: necklace worn by men, hanging very low: ta_vad.a a kind of necklace formed of lotus beads hanging as low as the navel, worn by men (Ka.); ta_r..vat.am necklace of pearls or beads, string or rudra_ks.a beads (Ta.); necklace of gold, pearls, etc., hanging very low (Ma.); ta_vad.amu, ta_val.amu string of beads, rosary (Te.)(DEDR 3184). cf. vat.am rope, chaains of a necklace (Ta.)(DEDR 5220).

4928.Sloping roof: ta_r..-va_ram sloping roof, lean-to, penthouse (Ta.); veranda lower than the house, a slope (Ma.); ta_r..-va_ra id. (Ka.); ta_l.va_ramu veranda (Te.)(DEDR 3178). dhartra house (Skt.); tari (with low rising tone) roof (WPah.)(CDIAL 6752). dharman support, prop, established order (RV.); lye_mi_ roof (Shum.); dra_mi_ (Kal.); dha_m big cross beam supporting a platform (A.)(CDIAL 6757). Residence: ta_r..vu resting-place, abode (Tiv. Iyar-. 3,62)(Ta.lex.) ta_val.am, ta_vat.am lodging, place of residence (Ta.) (Uttarara_. Acuvame_ta. 23); ta_valamu (Te.); ta_val.am town or city of marutam tract; support, prop; ta_val.am-po_t.u to quarter oneself unnecessarily in another's house (Ta.lex.) ta_van-am establishing (Ce_tupu. Ira_mana_. 2); stha_pana (Skt.); ta_vu resting-place, lodging, shelter; harbour (Ta.Te.Ka.); ta_r..va_ram sloping roof (Ta.); leaning-to, penthouse (Ma.); ta_l.va_ramu sloping roof (Te.); ta_r..vara id. (Ka.); ta_r..vu resting-place, abode (Tiv. Iyar-. 3,62)(Ta.lex.) Residence: tha_ra_ residence (M.)(CDIAL 13765). t.haur residence (P.); t.haur place (Mth.); t.haor-t.hehar fixed residence, home (Mth.); stha_vara real estate (Yaj.) (CDIAL 13767). ta_r..i, ta_r.. the bottom of a carriage; ta_r..u the bottom; ta_r..vare declivity; a valley (Ma.); ta_r..vari the bottom of a tree or of a hill (Ka.); ta_r..va_ra a slope: a sloping front of a house, a veranda lower than the house (Ka.Ta.Ma.); ta_va_ra, ta_rva_ra, ta_rva_l.a (Te.)(Ka.lex.)

4929.Flacourtia cataphracta = clacourtia jangomas: talisha (Skt.); talispatri (H.M.); paniyala (B.); jaggam (M.); fruit: for biliousness, in liver complaints; leaves: in diarrhoea, diaphoretic; decoction of bark: in biliousness; habitat: Kumaon, Orissa, Lower Bengal, Assam and Chittagong (GIMP, p.120). ta_lisapatra (flacourtia cataphracta) cacali, caricali a small tree commonly cultivated, flacourtia cataphracta (Ka.); cencali digera muricata (Te.)(DEDR 2292). kuttijara digera muricata (Car. Su. 27.99). pa_ni_ya_malaka flacourtia cataphracta (Skt.); paniya_la_, paniya_ra_, paniya_r the fruit flacourtia cataphracta (H.)(CDIAL 8090). ta_li the small tree flacourtia cataphracta; ta_l.isa-patre, ca_l.isapatre, ta_l.i_sapatre, ta_l.e_sapatre name of a drug (Ka.); ta_li_sapatra id. (M.)(Ka.lex.) Flacourtia indica = flacourtia cataphracta: According to Nadkarni, the astringent bark in diffusion is a remedy for hoarseness. It is used as a gargle. Caius states that in Madagascar the bark triturated in oil is used as a liniment in rheumatism... Nadkarni reports that the dried leaves are carminative, expectorant, tonic and astringent... In Bengal it is given as a tonic in parturition. Nadkarni adds that the fruit is recommended for bilious conditions to relieve the nausea and to check purging. (Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, pp.626-627).

4930.Fir: ta_li_s'a abies webbiana (Car. Ci. 8.145, 9.43). Abies balsamea: balsam of fir; Indian balsam; baume du canada (Fr.); canadischer balsam (Ger.); habitat: North America; part used: the oleoresin; uses: Canada balsam is chiefly used as a cement for optical lenses; in preparing printing inks. Alsatian turpentine is yielded by abies alba, a European fir. (Heber W. Youngken, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Philadelphia, The Blakiston Co., 1950, p. 119). badar, badul^u the fir-tree abies webbiana (K.); bhadda a kind of fruit, hogplum (Pali); bhadraka cyperus pertenuis, pinus deodara (Skt.)(CDIAL 9378). bhadra-da_ru a sort of pine, pinus deodora (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) cf. bhadra-mustaka a kind of sedge, cyperus hexastachyus (the root of the grass cyperus pertenuis = gundre)(Ka.lex.) Abies cilicia (Ancient Egyptian s'; the oil probably sft; Modern Egyptian Arabic tannu_b anato_li or s'o_h) 'The source for fir timber and fir resin was Syria and Asia Minor. Fir trees still grow in Lebanon... fir resin has been found in Old Kingdom tombs... The timber was used for carpentry, and the resin in mummification and in medicine... fir oil... was used as a face wash with honey and an unidentified ingredient... Fir lotion to promote hair growth... (Lise Manniche, An Ancient Egyptian Herbal, British Museum Publications Ltd., pp. 64-65). Abies webbiana = abies spectabilis: gobra salla (N.); dumshing (Bhutia); leaves: carminative, expectorant, stomachic, tonic, astringent, used in asthma, bronchitis; juice of leaves: antiperiodic; essential oil; habitat: Sikkim and Bhutan at 9,000-13,000 ft. (GIMP, p.1). Abies webbiana: talisapatram, manduparani (Skt.); himalayan silver fir (Eng.); talispatra (H.B.); talispatri (Te.Ta.Ka.); barami (Bombay); taleesaptram (Ma.); badar (K.); chili ragha, morunda (Garhwali); ragha (Kumaon); gobria sulah (N.); dumshirg (Bhutia); habitat: this lofty fir is widely distributed on higher ranges of Himalayas; Parts used: leaves... Preparations: tincture, infusion, powder and confection... Juice of the fresh leaves is administered in fevers of infants during dentition and also in affections of the chest... (Indian Materia Medica, p. 3).

4931.Mortgage: d.ol a mortgage in which the money is not to be refunded, in contrast to jarpeski in which the money must be refunded at a stated time, and do_bandar in which the money may be refunded at any time; to mortgage as described; to fill up the price of a mortgage by paying still so much every year after an initial lump sum has been paid; to hold back, to appropriate, to seize somebody's wages; adv., with ote or uri, mortgaged so that the money must not be refunded; d.olo-o to be mortgaged as described; of wages or pledge to be forfeited (Mundari.lex.) Assurance of protection; memorandum to ryots for cultivation: tulu-ci_t.t.u a chit containing any memorandum; memoranda given to ryots who take up lands for cultivation, serving as voucher until a formal patta is granted (Sm.)(Ta.); tul.l.u-ci_t.t.u letter giving assurance of saftey or protection (Vir-alivit.u. 903) (Ta.lex.) tul-en prop, support (Sora.) tullad'di joint cultivation (Sora.) Image: oblong plots: tel, tellu oblong plots bounded by small ridges in a field (W.) (Ta.lex.)

4932.People of the Dom tribe: tule people of the Dom tribe (Ga.); tulle an untouchable (Ga.); tula weaver (Pa.)(DEDR 3349). to_l.a_ra family name among Bunts (Tu.lex.)

4933.A country: tul.u, tul.avam the Tul.u country; the Tul.u language (Ta.); tul.u Northern Ke_ral.a from Go_karn.a to Perumpur..a; tul.uvan a Tul.u man (Ta.); tul.u the Tul.u country; tul.ava, tul.uva a Tul.u man, the Tul.u language (Ka.); tul.u Tul.u; of or belonging to Tul.u; tul.uve, tul.uta_ye a Tul.u man (Tu.)(DEDR 3363).

4937.Marriage: tul.l.el, ul.l.el marriage among a_di dra_vid.as (Tu.lex.)

4938.Image: to jump over, run: du~_t.u to jump over, run away (Te.)(DEDR 3381). Images: to dance; to leap, jump: tul.l.u (tul.l.i-) to leap, frisk, spring up, jump up (Na_lat.i, 64); to trip along in a frolicsome manner (Te_va_. 93,5); n. leap, jump, spring; arrogance (Arut.pa_. ii, Arut.t.ir-at. 7) (Ta.Ka.); t(r)ul.l.u id. (Te.); tul.l.al jumping, demoniac possession (Ma.); frisking, leaping (Kalit. 94); dancing, dance (Uri. Ni.); dancer (Te_va_. 489,6)(Ta.lex.); tul.l.- (tul.l.i-) to make small jumps (Kod..); tul.l.uni, tulluni to roll, turn, leap, jump (Tu.); tul.l.elu a marriage amongst Pariahs (Tu.); tul- to jump (Go.)(DEDR 3364).

4939.Image: capital of a pillar: tula_ ornamental portion in the capital of a pillar, shaped like plantain-flower (tula_ ceyirar-ap po_tikai : Kampara_. Nakarap. 29); tula_m id. (Perun.. Ucaik. 37,102, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)

4940.Image: beam of a house: to_l., to_l.a_ joist (Kon.lex.) to_l.u a beam; tole a beam, log (Tu.lex.) tu_lam beam of a house (Cin-e_n. 170, Urai.); du_lamu (Te.); du_la (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) du_la a beam of timber; tole (Tadbhava of tula_) a beam of wood (Ka.); tut.ai (Ta.); tul.ai_ (M.) (Ka.lex.) Image: main beam in the roof: tula_m main beam in the roof of a house (Kampara_. Nakarap. 30); joist; tula_-k-kat.t.ai id., joist in a terraced house; cross-beam of a cart containing the axle; tula_ single shaft of a cart or carriage; tula_k-kat.t.ai-k-ku_rai truss roof (Kat.t.at.a. Na_ma_.)(Ta.lex.)

4941.Tower: t.hul(h)u tower (S.); t.hulh, thu_l tower, walled village (L.)(CDIAL 13710). to_r, to_ri tower; gha_nt.ici to_r belfrey (Kon.lex.)

4942.Image: canal: to_d., to_d.a_ canal; rivulet (Kon.lex.) to_d.u a brook, a water-course (Tu.lex.)

4943.Stylus: tul stylus for applying collyrium to eyes (K.); tu_li little stick or splinter (e.g. that used for threading through waistband) (Sh.); tuleini pin with which antimony is applied to eyes (Kho.); t^ul^u, t^uj^u small stick (such as a straw or hair of a brush)(K.); tuli painter's brush (B.)(CDIAL 5904). tu_rikai painting reed or pencil; painter's brush (kaiya_ let.uttatu tu_rikai ye_yan-r-u ka_rikaiye_: Venkaikko_. 108)(Ta.lex.) tu_val painter's brush of cat's or squirrel's hair (Ta.)(DEDR 3393). Weaver's brush; spindle; beam of loom: tu_li_ paint-brush (Pkt.); tu_lia_ id. (Pkt.); tu_val painter's brush, shoot (Ta.); tulec thread; tulca spindle (D..); tulu iron spindle on which bobbin is placed (Sh.); t^al, tul needle, stylus for applying collyrium to eyes, painter's brush (K.); tul^u single blade of grass or straw (K.); tuli painter's brush (A.B.); tul.i id. (Or.)(CDIAL 5904). turi_, tuli_ weaver's brush (Skt.); tulika_ painter's brush (Pali); turi weaver's brush (B.); weaver's beam (S.); tur fibrous stick used as a brush by weavers to clean threads of woof, brush, painter's brush (B.); beam of loom (P.); tu_r, tura_i_ toggle, weaver's beam (G.); turi_ toggle, nail pointed at both ends (G.); tu_, turai_ id. (M.); weaver's beam (M.); tuli_ fibrous brush used by weavers (Si.)(CDIAL 5880). Weaver's brush; fine hair of rabbits, cats, etc.: tu_val feather, painter's brush of cat's or squirrel's hair, sprout, shoot (Ta.); feather, a painter's brush (Ma.); toppa wool, animal's hair (Ma.); tu.fy feather, bird's tail (To.); tuppur.. a feather, the soft plumage or down of bird;; the fine soft hair of rabbits; tuppar..u wool, fine soft hair as of cats; tuppat.a, tubat.a wool (Ma.); toppit.a feather (Kod.); tuyi, suyi feather, quill, the plume of birds (Tu.); su_vi feather (Tu.); truppud.u feather, hair, down (Te.); to_r(i) large feather, tokenj, tokonji feather (Go.); tu_ku id. (Mand..) tu_vi feather or down of birds, peacock's tail, swan's down; tu_ feather, plumage; tuy cotton (Ta.)(DEDR 3393). Image: swan: tu_vi swan (Ta.)(DEDR 3393). cf. tu_val painter's (?weaver's) brush (Ta.)(CDIAL 5904).

4944.Sacred basil: tur..a_y, tul.aci, tul.avam, tul.avu sacred basil, ocimum sanctum (Ta.); tul.asi (Ma.); tol.aci, tol.ace, tol.ace, tol.asi, tulasi (Ka.); tol.asi, tul.asi (Kod..); tulaci, tulasi, tul.asi, tol.aci (Tu.); tulasi (Te.); tulca (Pa.)(DEDR 3357). tulasi_ basil (Pkt.Ku.); the sacred basil plant (BhP.); tul.asi-gaccha basil (Pali); tulasia_ basil (Pkt.); tul.asi_, tul.usi_ (Or.); tulsi_ (H.); tul.si_ (G.); tul.as, tul.s'i_ (M.); tala_ (Si.)(CDIAL 5885). Ocimum sanctum: tulasi (Skt.Ta.Te.Ma.); tulsi (H.B.); tulasa (M.); leaves: expectorant; juice of leaves: diaphoretic; antiperiodic and stimulating expectorant; used in catarrh and bronchitis; dropped into the ear as remedy for earache; dried leaves: powdered and used as snuff in ozaena; seeds: used in disorders fo the genito-urinary system; root: used in malarial fevers; habitat: throughout India, cultivated but doubtfully indigenous (GIMP, p.179). tulsi dare ocimum sanctum (Santali.lex.) tulasi_viva_ha the annually celebrated marriage between an image of Vis.n.u and the ocymum sanctum; tulasi, tul.asi, tol.aci, tol.ace, tol.ace, tol.asi a small shrub (said to have been produced from the hair of the goddess Tulasi_ and held in veneration by the worshippers of Vis.n.u), the holy basil, ocymum sanctum; surase, bahumajari (Ka.lex.)

4945.Image: resemblance: tolai resemblance, equality (Ta.lex.) tulita made equal or like; weighed; tuli a person who is equal to (Ka.); tulya equal, like, similar, comparable (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.)Image: comparison: ta_l.a_ < da_l.a_ (U.) comparison (C.G.)(Ta.lex.) Image: equality, likeness: tulai resemblance, equality (Kur-al., 986)(Ta.lex.) doraku, dore to come or draw near, be equal to, resemble (Ka.); dore coming near, resemblance, similarity, likeness, equality, adequacy, propriety (Ka.); dorayu to occur, happen, be an equal or match, resemble (Te.)(DEDR 3535). Image: to be caught or defeated: doRk- to be caught or defeated (Kond.a)(DEDR 3535).

4946.A wooden vessel: toli (Tadbhava of tule) a kind of wooden sacrificial vessel (Ka.lex.)

4947.Pudendum mulibre: tullu the pudendum muliebre (Ka.); dubbe, du_be (Te.)(Ka.lex.)

4948.Weaver, fine cloth: tu_la tuft of grass or reeds, panicle of flower or plant (AV.); cotton (MBh.); tu_laka cotton; tu_la_ cotton, wick (Skt.); tu_li painter's brush; tu_da the cotton tree (Skt.); tu_la tuft of grass, cotton (Pali); tu_lika_ mattress (of layers of grass or wool)(Pali); tu_la cotton-wool (Pkt.); tu_l cotton wool (K.); tula_ ginned cottonn (A.); tula_, tola_ cotton (B.); tul.a_ picked cotton (Or.); tuli wick (B.); tul.i cotton, quilt stuffed with cotton (Or.); tu_r cleaned cotton (Bi.)[cf. cukir to card cotton, rub clean and smooth as a lute-string (Ta.); cu_r to pick, separate (Ta.); cu_ruka to pick cotton (Ma.)(DEDR 2645)]; cotton-wool (Mth.); tree-cotton (G.); tu_l young corn plants (G.)(CDIAL 5904). tula_i_ quilted mattress (L.); tula_(h)i_ (P.); tura_i_ quilt (H.); tal.a_i_ bedding (G.)(CDIAL 5905). tula weaver (Pa.); tule people of the Dom tribe; tulle an untouchable (Ga.)(DEDR 3349). tukil, tuyil fine cloth, rich attire (Ta.); cloth, dress (Ma.); dukula, dugula, duku_la woven silk, very fine cloth or raiment (Ka.)(DEDR 3285). tuku_lam white silk, ven. pat.t.u; thin cloth, noyya put.avai; tukil valai a kind of net; tukir--kir..i sheath, cover (Ci_vaka. 164); tukin--man-ai tent (Ce_tupu.akat. 40); tukin--mut.i to tie a turban on the head (Mullaip. 53); head-dress (Ci_vaka. 1558) (Ta.lex.) duku_la a kind of plant (Skt.);[whence duku_la (Ka.)]; fine cloth made of the inner bark of this plant (MBh.); a particular kind of fine cloth (Pali); dugu_la id. (Skt.); duku_la, duu_la, dualla a partic. kind of fine cloth (Pkt.); du_l the fibrous plant anodendron paniculatum, its fibre (Si.); diyul, duhul fine cloth made from this fibre (Si.); duli a hood or shawl fastened round neck and covering head and ears? (B.); ?xugulo siri a kind of barley (Kho.)(CDIAL 6389). dudli down (of birds); lu_di silk-cotton tree (Go.); du.dy id. (Ko.); du_di cotton after being cleaned; silk of the silk-cotton tree used as tinder (Ka.); du_di cotton (Te.)(DEDR 3383).

4949.Images: to overflow; a drop; to drip: tul.umpu (tul.umpi-) to brim over, overflow as tears in the eyes, melt (Ta.); tul.l.i a drop (Me_ruman. 121)(Ta.lex.) sul.iyuni to overflow (Tu.); tol.nki id. (Kor.); toluku to rain; be spilled, overflow (Te.); tol.l.i a drop (Ma.); tul.l.am little drop of water (Ta.); tul.ikka to drop, flow freely (as toddy)(Ma.); tul.i to drip, fall in drops as rain, tears; n. dripping, raindrop, globule of water, small quantity (Ta.); a drop (Ma.); a drop of liquid (Kod..); tol.y- (tol.c-) to sprinkle; tul.y a drop (To.); tul.aku to be scattered in drops, spill, run over; tul.uku to sprinkle, scatter in drops, shed; tul.ukuvike running over or out (Ka.); tolakari beginning of the rainy season, the rainy season; tod.a~ku, tona~ku, tola~ku slight agitation or motion in a liquid (Te.); tolk to spill; tolk- to spill; tolkip- (tolkit-), tolcip- (tolcit-) to spill; tolc- to spill (water out of a pot)(Pa.); tolc to spill (water out of a pot)(Pa.); tolker ka_lam rainy season; tonk-e_r to trickle out (Ga.); tor.n (water) to be spilt; tor.k to spill (water) from a vessel by shaking (Kond.a)(DEDR 3361). Rains: tolakari the beginning of the rainy season; tolakarincu to rain for the first time in the season; toluka_ru the rainy season; toli beginning, commencement; first, former, old, ancient (Te.); tol old, ancient (Ta.)(DEDR 3516). ker NE monsoon (Ko.); ker- id. (To.)(DEDR 1982). tul.akku (tul.akki-) to move, shake, bow, nod (Ta.); tol.ki to be shaken (as water or oil in a pot)(Ka.); tola_ku, tona_ku, tod.a_ku to be slightly shaken or agitated as a liquid, be spilled; n. slight agitation or motion in a liquid (Te.); tla_nga (tla_ngi-) to be rocked to and fro, pitch, sway, be tossed violently backwards and forwards and up and down (Kui); tla_pka ( < tla_k-p; tla_kt-)(Kui); dulp- (-it-) to shake (Kuwi)(DEDR 3359). tul.akku shaking (Te_va_. 13,6)(Ta.lex.) Image: to fluctuate as water: tal.ampu-tal to wabble, flap, fluctuate as water in a moving vessel; tal.umpu-tal id. (Par..a. 9)(Ta.lex.) Bucket: d.o_l brass pot (Bshk.); d.ol bucket (K.); d.olu (S.); d.ol (P.WPah.Ku.N.); id. (B.Mth.H.G.M.); d.o_l^u (Aw.); dol (H.)(CDIAL 6583).

4950.Image: to tumble over; to fall: d.ollu to fall; d.olligillu to fall or tumble over; d.ullu to fall off; d.ul(u)cu, d.ulupu to cause to fall; u_d.u to fall off, come off, drop, give way, fail (Te.); d.ol- (d.olt-) to lie down, be felled; d.olp- (d.olopt-) to fell (trees), pull down (wall)(Kol.); d.ol- to die; dolana_ to perish, be destroyed (Go.); d.o_pa (d.o_t-) to lie down, recline, sleep; n. act of lying down, sleep (Kui); du_linai to sleep; d.ul (-it-) (hair, leaves) to fall; dulh- to shake off; d.o_- (-t-) to sleep (Kuwi)(DEDR 2988).

4951.Image: well-sweep: tulai well-sweep, picotah; tula_-k-kot.i rope or pole attached to a well-sweep (J.); tula_ well-sweep, piccotah; tulai-k-kit.an:ku a wide plot of ground where water baled from a well is stored; tulai-p-pal.l.am, tul.ai-k-kur..i id. (Ta.lex.)

4952.Swing: tuyal (tuyalv-, tuyan-r--) to sway, wave, swing, hang, fly (Ta.); tu_luni to totter, reel, nod, be drowsy; succa_lu a swing (Ta.); tu_lu to move, shake, reel, faint, stagger, grow feeble, swing, dangle, hang down; caus. tu_lucu; tu_l-a_d.u to shake, tremble, reel in intoxication (Te.) tuy- to swing (Ga.)(DEDR 3376). Bewildered: t.ola_ko wandering; t.ulkan.u to wander (S.); t.olan.a_ to search for (P.); t.olyu_n.o to neglect (Ku.); t.ol(h)inu to be doing nothing, look bewildered; t.ol(h)a_unu to get puzzled; t.ol(h) absent-minded person (N.)(CDIAL 5484). tut.i (-pp-, -tt-) to quiver, trembe, throb, palpitate, be in great flurry or agitation, be eager, suffer acutely (hunger), be rude, mischievous, roguish, be fidgety, giddy, glitter; n. quivering, trepidation, speed, quickness, acuteness of intellect, cleverness, industry, superiority, strength; tut.itut.i (-pp-, -tt-) to be in a great flurry, fret and fume; tut.ippu flurry, diligence, trembling, palpitation, pride, arrogance, anger, whirl (as of a whip); tut.iyan- man of irritable temper, wicked mischievous person; tut.ukku insolence, surliness, wickedness, mischief, quickness, expedition, activity (Ta.); tut.ikka to throb, quiver, splash violently (Ma.); dud.i to throb and pain as a boil; dud.ita throbbing (of boil); dud.uku to act rashly, without deliberation, impudently, violently, profligately or wickedly; n. rashness, insolence (Ka.); dud.uku, dud.ukutana hurry, rashness, violence, injustice, pride; dud.ukuni to be rash or hasty, be violent, haughty; dun.ipuni to struggle, strive, flutter, flap the wings in agitation as a bird, bustle, be in a hurry; dun.ipelu struggling, striving, flutterin,g bustling; dun.ipele bustler, busybody (Tu.); dud.uku rashness, inconsiderateness, precipitancy or precipitation; tod.i~bad.u to be perplexed, confused (Te.)(DEDR 3294). Litter: d.o_li, d.o_li, do_li, do_le a dooly or litter (Ka.); d.o_la_ the taboot, a kind of bier (M.H.)(Ka.lex.) Swinging; shaking: to_l saddle (Mullaip. 72)(Ta.lex.) do_la swinging (MBh.); litter, swing (MBh.); d.o_la_ swing (Skt.); do_la_ swing (Pali); d.o_la_ swinging to and fro, litter (Pkt.); d.ula rolling stone; d.u_l^u, d.u_lⁱ litter (K.); d.ora wandering (S.); d.oli_ litter (L.); d.ol rambling; d.ola_, d.oli_ litter (P.); d.ol hanging basket or box; d.olo litter (Ku.); d.oli (N.); dola_ litter (A.); d.ola_ a kind of ear-ornament (A.); dola_ litter (B.); dol.a, dol.a_, dol.i cradle, swing, sedan-chair; d.ol swinging; d.ola_ cradle, swing, litter; d.oli_ litter (H.); doli, dolei (Kho.); d.oli (Sh.); d.oli_ (S.); d.olⁱ (Ku.); d.olo (Ku.); d.uli (B.); d.ola_, d.uli (Or.); d.oli_ (Bi.Bhoj.); d.oli_ (M.); d.ola (OMarw.); d.ol. swaggering; d.ol.i_ litter (G.); d.ol.i_ litter (M.)(CDIAL 6582). dolaway zigzag path (K.)(CDIAL 6584). do_la_yati moves to and fro (MBh.); do_layati swings (Skt.); do_la_yati swings (Pali); d.o_la_am.ta shaking (Pkt.); d.oran.u to wander in search of (S.); d.oln.o to wander, roam (Ku.); doliba to swing (A.); dol.iba_ (Or.); d.olna_ to oscillate (H.); d.olai wanders (OMarw.); do_lai shakes (Pkt.); d.o_lai shakes (Pkt.); d.oli_n.o to be made to roam (Ku.); dola_na to swing (B.); dolab to shake (fruit) down (Bi.); d.ol.vu~ to shake (G.); d.olan.u to wander in search of (S.); d.oliba to be suspended (A.); d.olab to swing, be shaken (Mth.); d.olai wanders, swings (OAw.); d.olvu~ to dangle, oscillate (G.)(CDIAL 6585). to_lan-am < to_lana weighing; to_la_ weight of a rupee, 180 grams (Ta. < to_la_ (U.) < tula_ (Skt.)(Ta.lex.) Sail or rock as a boat: tal.l.u to launch, row, sail as a vessel (J.); tal.l.am-pa_r-u-tal to rock or roll as a boat (J.); to struggle as in water; tal.l.ama_r-u-tal id.; tal.l.a_t.u-tal to rock as a ship, vacillate, sway as a tree in a storm (Kampara_. Mutar-po_. 177); tulun:ku-tal to shake, toss (Tiv. Periya_r... 3,6,9); tul.an:ku-tal to move; to sway from side to side as an elephant; to shake (Kalit. 106); tulaku id. (Ma.); tol.an:ku id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.)