3392.Dried; withered: sus'ka dried (RV.); s'us.kaka (R.); sukkha dry (Pali); sukka, sukka, sum.kha (Pkt.); s'ukha, s'uka epithet of wine (NiDoc.); s'uko dry, thin; s'ka dry, hard (Gypsy); s'uki_ dry (Dm.); seka (Tir.); s'uk dry, hay (Wot..); s'ukha dry (Gaw.); s'ukh (Bshk.); s'ukho (Sv.); s'uko (Phal.); s'u_ku, s'u_khu~, s'uku (Sh.); hokh^u, ho~ch^u (K.); suko (S.); suka, suki_ drought (S.); sukka_, sukha_ dry (L.); sukka_ (P.); sukkar. lean, emaciated (P.); su_kho_ dry (WPah.); sukho, suko, s'ukh dry (Ku.); suko (N.); sukha_ (B.); suk dry, waterless (Or.); sukha_ rukha_ dry and rough (Or.); su~kh dry (Aw.); su_kha_, su_ka_ dry (H.); su_ku~ dry, lean (G.); suka_ dry (M.); xuka_n (A.); sukkha_n.a (Pkt.); sukha_ rukha_ dry and rough (M.); sukkhe~ dry (Konkan.i); siku, hiku (Si.); hiki (Md.); s'ugil dry (Tor.); sukhila_ dried, withered (Or.); sukut.e emaciated (N.); sukt.iya_ dried up (B.); sukt.a_ (Or.H.); sukat. (M.)(CDIAL 12548). s'us.i drying (Skt.); s'es' summer (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12546). s'un:ga_r summer (Dm.)(CDIAL 12557). s'o_s.a drying up, dryness (MBh.); summer (Skt.); so_sa drying up (Pali. Pkt.); s'o_s' summer (Wot..Kat..); s'u_s., s.u_s. (Gaw.); s.os. (Sv.); so_ (P.); xoha_ the quantity drunk at one time (A.); sosa thirst; sosi thirsty (Or.); sos thirst, desire (G.); desire (M.)(CDIAL 12643). s'o_s.an.a drying up; drying, draining, suction (MBh.); so_sana causing to dry (in surgery)(Pali); so_san.a drying; so_san.a_, so_san.aya_ (Pkt.); xohani drying, sucking (A.)(CDIAL 12644). s'o_s.ayati makes dry (AV.); so_se_ti id. (Pali); so_se_i (Pkt.); s'uvoiki, 3 sg. s'u_ei (Sh.); s'os'n.u to suck (WPah.); sosn.o to dry, drain of water, absorb, drink in (Ku.); s'was'a~r~. to sip up (Ku.); sosnu to soak up (N.); xohiba to aborb, suck (A.); sosa_, susa_ to dry, absorb, suck (B.); sosiba_, susiba_ (Or.); sosvu~ (G.)(CDIAL 12645). s'os.u drought, thirst (Skt.); susu-bu_m steppe; susu-ste dry (Ash.); susuwa_, sosew dry (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12646). sosu miserliness (S.); as'o_s.ya not drying up (VarBr.S.); sos loss by weight in drying (L.); dry (P.); susik dry (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12647). Deficiency: sosan.u to lessen, diminish (S.); sosi deficiency (S.)(CDIAL 12648). coccam deficiency, balance, arrears (Ta.); soccemu a small remainder or balance (Te.)(DEDR 2833). coccam odd, a term appended to number, sum, weight, etc. (Tailava. Taila. 97); interest on principal; remainder, as in subtraction, division (Ta.lex.) soki drying-up of a crop; soku dried up (of crops), hard baked (S.); s'aus.kala living on dried flesh or fish (VS.); soka_, sokr.a_ dryness, drought (L.); sok, sokka_, sokr.a_ (P.); soka_ sugarcane blight due to drought (P.)(CDIAL 12652). ucat.t.ai leanness, thinness (Ta.); u~_ca withered, lean, thin; u~_ca-pad.u, u~_ca-po_vu to become withered, lean or thin; u_saramu lean; u_sarillu to become lean or reduced (Te.); u_- to dry up, become emaciated (Pa.)(DEDR 735). avas'us.yati becomes dry (Skt.); avasussati withers (Pali); o_sukka dried (Pkt.); o_sukkhai makes dry (Pkt.); osukik, usukik to wither, cease suckling (a child), come to an end (Kho.)(CDIAL 852a). ucchus.ka withered (Skt.); ucchus.yati dries up (ChUp.); ussassati (Pali); us'kyo dry (Pr.)(CDIAL 1854). cf. baccuni, battuni to become lean, dry up (Tu.); vacahta_na_, wahcahta_na_ to dry up; vas- to dry up, wither (Go.); vasa to dry, wither (Kui); vac- to dry up, wither (Pe.Mand..); ba_run dry, shrivelled up (Br.)(DEDR 5320). vatakkam fading, withering (Ta.); vatan.n.uka to wither; vatakkam withering (Ma.); po0x fallen leaves (To.)(DEDR 5242). o_l- to dry (Pa.Ga.); o_r.a_na_ id.; o_r.- id. (Go.); to dry (clothes, etc.)(Kond.a)(DEDR 1073). cf. cun.t.u to dry up (Ta.); s'un.t.h- to become dry (Skt.)(DEDR 2662). cf. s'un.t.hi dry ginger (S'a_rn:gS.)(CDIAL 12515). curun:ku (curun:ki-) to shrink, contract, shrivel, wrinkle, lessen, dwindle, be reduced, curtailed, be puckered, creased, be furled, closes as a flower, etc.; curun:kal anything shrunk, wrinkled, wrinkle, crease; curukku (curukki-) to curtail, reduce, lessen, compress, contract, furl, close, epitomize; n. contraction, reduction, wrinkle, fold, crease, slipknot, noose, epitome; curukkam brevity, conciseness, abbreviation, epitome, shortness, contraction, decrease; cukku (cukki-) to get dry; curul. (curul.v-, curun.t.-) to shrivel, shrink (as leaf), droop (as from heat, hunger), be reduced to severe straits; curi (-v-, -nt-) to wrinkle; (-pp-, -tt-) to get dried, contract, shrink, wrinkle; draw in (as tortoise its head)(Ta.); curun.n.uka to shrivel, shrink, be contracted, wrinkled, decrease; curukkam contraction, shortness; curukku sliding string, noose; curukkuka to contract, furl (sails), wrap, fold, reduce, shorten; cukkuka to grow dry, shrivel; cukku dry; cun.n.uka to grow dry or lean, be reduced; cu_l.uka to shrink, contract; cu_l.al shrinking; con:ku withered (Ma.); curg- (curgy-) to stint oneself to support family; curk- (curky-) to make small, draw up (legs, fingers), shrink; cug- (cugy-) to be creased; cort.y state of a hoe being worn short by much use (Ko.); tu.r.- (tu.r.y-) to shrink; tu.l.- (tu.d.-) to pull legs close to body (e.g. while sleeping)(To.); surku, sukku to contract, shrivel, shrink, fade; surku, sukku, sun:ku, sokku contracting, shrivelling, shrinking, a wrinkle; soragu to wither, grow dry or sapless, sink away, grow lean (Ka.); sorat.u state of being contracted, shrivelled, as a leaf; surul. to contract, shrivel, shrink, fear; surut.u, surun.t.u to become shrivelled or contracted; surul.cu to cause to contract, etc.; cirn.t.elu shrunken (Ka.); surun.t.uni, surut.uni, sirn.t.uni, sirnduni to shrivel, contract, shrink; surn.t.u, surut.u contraction, shrivelling; surugu sinking, sliding; sirkuni, tirkuni to fade, shrivel, become weak, lean, fall off; sirka_vuni, tirka_vuni to cause to fade, make lean, weaken; sirku fading, shrivelling, weakness; jurun:guni to hesitate, be reluctant;[cf. jan:ku to fear, hesitate (Te.)(DEDR 2281)]; nurluni to wind up, fold, shrink (Tu.); suru~gu to disappear, flee, shrink, fade; srukku to shrink, fade, become weak; sorugu a dead or dry leaf (Te.); suk- (sukt-) to fade, wither (Kol.); curk- to shrivel, (cheeks) sink in; curkip- (curkit-) to make to shrivel (Pa.); su_r dry pulled stalks of san-hemp (Go.); cog're_ person with sunken cheeks (Kur.); kurring, kurre_nging to shrink from, contract, keep back, withhold (hand, property); surkutn.e~ to corrugate or wrinkle (M.)(DEDR 2687). cun.an:ku to be jaded (Ta.); jun.ugu to shrink, contract, withdraw; a shrunk, crippled body (Ka.); jud.u~gu, jun.u~gu, jugu to lurk, slink, shrink, withdraw (Te.)(DEDR 2660). s'us'uks.ati wishes to dry (Skt.); cum.cha dry; cum.chia dried up (Pkt.); cuchu dried (of fruit); cucik (Kal.)(CDIAL 12508). sukha_r scarcity of rain (Bi.)(CDIAL 12550). suked. dry side or part (Bi.)(CDIAL 12550). sukkhati dries up (Pali); sukkhana (Pali); sukkhai, sukkai (Pkt.); sux- (Shum.); hokhun (K.); sukan.u, pp. suko (S.); sukhan., sukun. (L.); sukkn.a_ (P.); sukhn.o, sukn.o (Ku.); suknu (N.); sukhiba_ (Or.); su_khab (Mth.); su_khal (Bhoj.); su_kai (OAw.); su_khna_ (H.); su_kai dries up, becomes lean (OMarw.); sukvu~ to dry up; suka_vu~ to become emaciated (G.); sukn.e~ to dry up (M.); sukta_ (Konkan.i); sukkha_pe_ti (Pali); sukkha_ve_i (Pkt.); sukha_un.a_ (P.); s'kon.u to dry (grain in the sun)(WPah.); suka_unu (N.); xuka_iba to dry; to dry up, heal (A.); suka_na (B.); sukha_iba_ (Or.); sukha_na_ (H.); sukavvu~ (G.)(CDIAL 12552). s'us.kapattra dried or withered leaf (Skt.); suk(h)vat dried plantain leaf or part of one (M.)(CDIAL 12553). s'us.ka_pa having water dried up (R.); dried-up pond, mud (S'Br.); sukve~ a parched or dried crop (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 12554). xws'ty dried (Pahl..); s'tu dry (Kt.); s.us.t.a (Kal.); sot.u dried up, dry and hard (S.)(CDIAL 12555). s'us.n.a demon (of drought?)(RV.); sun, fire (Skt.)(CDIAL 12556). s'us.yati becomes dry (AV.); sussati dries up (Pali); sussai, su_sai Pkt.); sus (Ash.); shechaun to dry up; sheshi-sta barren (of woman)(Wg.); sus- to dry up (Pas'.); s'is'a_l dry (Bshk.); s'is'e_lo (Chil.); s'us'oiki, 3 sg. s'u_s'ei, pp. s'u_ku, s'is'yo_nu (Sh.); susan.u (S.); sussan. (L.); susa_ (B.)(CDIAL 12559).

3393.Dry: cun.t.u (cun.t.i-) to dry up, be evaporated by heat; boil, stew, simmer; n. sediment, that which adheres to a pot when boiling (Ta.); cund-- (cund-y-) to boil away; to starve oneself for one's children's sake (Ko.); sun.d.u to evaporate; sun.d.isu to make evaporate, reduce in boiling (Ka.); cun.d.u to be evaporated or dried up (Te.); s'un.t.h- to become dry (Skt.)(DEDR 2662).

3394.Eighty: s'i_th, s'i_t eighty (K.)(CDIAL 911). sau~s whole (Mth.); sau~se complete (EH.); saman:ga having all the limbs (AV.)(CDIAL 13174). am.s'a share, part (RV.)(CDIAL 2). as'i_ti eighty (Skt.); asi_ti (Pali); asi_i (Pkt.); asii (Skt.); asi_ (S.); assi_ (L.P.); a_si_, as's'i_ (WPah.); assi_ (Ku.); asi (N.); a_si (B.); asi (Or.); asi_ (Bhoj.Aw.); assi_, asi_ (H.); e~si_ (G.); ais'i~_, e~s'i_ (M.); asu_ (owes its final vowel to anu_ 90)(Si.)(CDIAL 911). ci_ttuvam < s'ri_-tva prosperity (Pan.avit.u. 158)(Ta.); ci_ttana id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) asi_ti a great many (Pali.lex.) Eight: at.t.ha eight (Pali);[Vedic as.t.au, old dual, pointing to a system of counting by tetrads; nava 'nine' may be connected with nava new, fresh (Pali)[Lith. navas; Lat. novus; Goth. niujis; E. new; Skt. navya ; Lat. novius] because in counting by tetrads (octo = 8 is a dual!) a new series begins with number nine... Av. as'ta, Lat. octo, Goth. ahtau = OHG. ahto, Ger. acht, E. eight] The number has objective significance, based on natural phenomena: see cmpds. -angula, -nakha, -pada, -pa_da... quite conspicuous is the meaning of a 'couple' in the phrase satt-at.t.ha 7 or 8 = a couple, e.g. sattat.t.ha divasa_ a week or so... used as a measure of quantity and distance, where it also implies the respectability of the gift, 8 being the lowest unit of items that may be given decently; thus freq. as at.t.ha kaha_pan.a_... at.t.ha kari_sa_; at.t.ha-pada a chequered board for gambling or playing drafts, etc., lit. having eight squares, i.e. on each side (Pali.lex.) {Since octo = 8 is a dual, as.t.au it should be made up of two 'fours'. This compound embeds the morpheme for four which traverses a phonemic spectrum: caturam square (Ta.); catva_rah. pl. four (RV.)(CDIAL 4655); catus.ka set of four (RV.)(CDIAL 4629).} cf. et.t.u eight (Ta.); ar.mur, ar.mu, armur, yermud eight (Go.); en.mar, en.var eight persons (Ta.)(DEDR 784). en. calculation, mathematics, number (Ta.); en.n.u (en.n.i-) to think, count, reckon, compute, set a price upon, consider, determine; en.n.am mathematics, thought, idea; en.n.alar, en.n.ar mathematicians; en.n.ikkai numbering, esteem, reverence; e_n.i number (Ta.); en. number, thought; en.n.am number, counting; en.n.uka to count, number, esteem, relate; en.n.ikka to get counted, account for; n. counting (Ma.); n.- (n.y-) to count; n.m (obl. n.t-) counting, numbers (To.); en.ike, en.n.ike counting, number, thinking, observation; en.isu, en.asu, en.usu, en.n.isu to add together, enumerate, count, estimate, appreciate, consider, think, plan, compare; en.n.u to count, think (Ka.); n.n.- (n.n.i-) to say, tell (Kod..); en.n.uni to count, think, presume, expect; en.n.ige, en.ike, en.e, en:ke calculation, estimation (Tu.); ennu to count, reckon, think, believe, esteem, care for, criticize; ennika counting, number, esteem, regard, opinion, hope; encu to count, reckon, enumerate, think, consider, believe, judge, esteem (Te.); eja number; eja ca_j- to count (ca_j- to do)(Pa.); eja ki- id. (Pe.); eji ki- id. (Mand..); eji ki_nai id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 793). {It is significant that 'enumeration' is distinct from 'division'. Ancient numeral systems have included multiple sets of vocables. One set, for e.g., to count upto four; from then on, count in 'fours' until five 'fours' or a super-set 'twenty' is reached, as a terminal point in counting. Another set is used for 'division' arithmetic. Eighty connoting the whole can be divided in a binary sequence of measures, e.g. ma_ (1/20, i.e. the whole is divided into four 'parts'); ka_n.i (1/80, i.e. each ma_ is further divided into four 'parts'); cf. cmpd. ma_ka_n.i ( = ma_ + ka_n.i, i.e. 1/16). It is notable that there is a morpheme for the fraction 1/320 when the 'whole' is to be broken down to its miniscule part, again dividing in 'fours', (i.e. 320 becomes 80; 80 becomes 20): muntiri (muntiri me_r- ka_n.i mikuvate_l: Na_lat.i, 346)(Ta.); id. (Ma.)(DEDR 4964). A later evolution into the decimal system is apparent from the multiple uses of the morpheme: vi_s'-: e.g., vi_cam (Ta.) is a unit of 'division', a fraction 1/16 or ma_ka_n.i. It takes 20 vi_cam's to arrive at a set of four 'eighties'. This arithmetic leads to the use of the phoneme, vi_s'- to connote '20'. The usage of this morpheme, vi_s'- relates to a stage of evolution of numeration systems to continue counting beyond four, upto ten and then up to twenty by adding units to the ten as a base}.

3395.Four; market; image: cross-roads:s'to four (Bashg.)[cf. the 'dual' of four: as.t.au (Skt.)= 8, et.t.u = 8 (Ta.)]; cawwa_, cauwa_ aggregate of four (H.); caturvaya fourfold (RV.)(CDIAL 4619). {Since as.t.au 'eight' is dual, it should be made up of two 'fours'. This compound embeds the morpheme for four which traverses a phonemic spectrum: catus.ka set of four (RV.)(CDIAL 4629). caturam square (Ta.); catva_rah. pl. four (RV.)(CDIAL 4655)} catva_rah. pl. four (RV.); catva_ri pl.; caturah. acc. pl. (Skt.); catta_ro_ acc. (Pali); catpa_ro (As'.); catta_ro_ acc. (Pkt.); s'tar, cetar (Gypsy); cata_ (Ash.); ctva, s'tva (Kt.); cata_ (Wg.); cpu_ (Pr.); satara, hatara (Si.); catta_ri acc. (Pali.Pkt.); cata_li (As'.);[the abnormal phonetic development from caturah. to cata_li may be connected with X na_l'er four (Kond.a); na_r-r-i fourfold (Ta.); na_lgi four (Kui)(DEDR 3655)]; ca_ri (Skt.); ca_r (Sh.); cⁱa_r (Sh.); ca_ri (S.); ca_r (L.P.Ku.N.); sa_ri (A.); cia_ri (OB.); ca_ir, ca_r (B.); ca_ri (Or.Mth.Aw.OH.); cya_r (OH.); ca_r (H.); cya_ri, cya_ra (OMarw.); cya_ri (with i from bi, trini)(OG.); ca_r (G.); cya_r (M.); ca_r (M.); cya_ri (Konkan.i); cara, catu, co_ra (NiDoc.); caro_, cahim. (Pkt.); caur (D..); co_r, cu_r (Dm.); cower (Tir.); co_r, ca_r (Pas'.); c^uo_r (Nin:g.); co_ur (Shum.); cau_r (Shum.); cawu_r, sawu_r (Wot..); cu_r (Gaw.); ca_u (Kal.); chor (with aspiration from choi six)(Kho.); co_r, co_er (Bshk.); co_u (Tor.); co_r (Kand.); saur, co_ur (Mai.); cor (Gau.); co_r (Sv.); co_u (Phal.); ca_r (Sv.Phal.); co_r (K.); caur, ca_ur, co_r, co_ur (K.); caur (P.); co_ur, cr, co_u_r, caur (WPah.); cahum. obl. pl. (OAw.)(CDIAL 4655). cao_r.a_ fourfold (L.); covr.u~ id. (G.)(CDIAL 4624). catukkam junction where four roads meet (Tirumuru. 225); platform (Tailava. Pa_yi. 44); catura-c-canti junction of four roads (Perun.. Ucaik. 50,7) (Ta.lex.) caukha_ place where boundaries of four villages meet (H.)(CDIAL 4634). cf. hat.t.i a petty market or fair (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) caumuha_na_ junction of four streams or roads (H.)(CDIAL 4618). causi~ha_ place where the boundaries of four villages meet (H.)(CDIAL 4593). cahat.t.a, cahat.t.aya bazar (Pkt.); cauhat.t.a_ place where two market streets cross (P.H.); cahot.a_, cahut.a_ cross-roads (M.)(CDIAL 4626). cf. cowot^u cross-roads (K.)(CDIAL 4620). catus.patha cross-roads (S'Br.); catuppatha (Pali); cappaha (Pkt.); saupantha_ (A.); caupath (H.); cauma_tha_ (B.); caumatha_ (Or.)(CDIAL 4642). caukhu~r.o square (N.); caukhun.t.a_ (Or.); caukhu~_t.a_ (H.); cokhu~_t. on all sides (G.); caukhu~t. on all sides; caukhu~t.a_ square bit of cloth (M.); caukun.d.o, caukun.d.ya_ro square (S.)(CDIAL 4635). catus.pa_da four-footed (S'Br.); catus.pa_dika_ verse of 4 lines (Skt.); caupa_ia_ quadruped (P.); caupa_i_ quadruped (S.); caupa_yo four-footed (N.); pl. caupa_ya_ cattle (N.); four-footed, stool (B.); four-footed, cot (Or.); caupa_, caupa_ya_ four-footed (H.); caupa_yi~_ with all four feet or legs; caupa_yi_ four-footed (M.); siyupu quadruped (OSi.); sivpa_ (Si.); catuppa_dika_ stanza of 4 lines (Pali); caupa_i_ (P.H.); caupa_i (N.); copa_i_ (G.)(CDIAL 4646). caupakha_ surrounding wall (H.); catus.paks.a having 4 posts (AV.)(CDIAL 4637). saupat. game of dice (A.); capat.a (Or.); cpat. a game like blackgammon (L.); caupat., cau~pat. dice cloth (P.); copat. dice board (G.); caupat. (M.)(CDIAL 4639). catus.put.a having 4 folds (A_pS'r.); cappud.a having 4 folds (Pkt.); caupar.i a game played on a cloth divided into 4 compartments (S.); co_par. a game like chess (L.); cau~pur. dice cloth (P.); copar. a game played on a board with 4 divisions (WPah.); caupar. cloth or board divided into 4 squares on which a game is played (H.); caupad.i_ (OMarw.); copr.i_ this game (Marw.); caupud.i_ having 4 compartments (of box, wallet etc.)(M.)(CDIAL 4648). ca_vat.i open dais in front of a house for general use (Pan.avit.u. 163)(Ta.); inn, choultry (Ira_mana_. Cuntara. 3); id. (Ma.); ca_vad.i id. (Te.Ka.); sa_vat.i_ (M.); ca_vat.i-c-ci_t.t.u a chit or ticket permitting one to obtain food at a choultry (Ta.lex.) cowot^u cross-roads (K.); cauva_t.o (infl. by simplex va_t.a road); cauvat.i adv. on all sides (S.); cauba_t., cauba_t.a_ cross-roads (Ku.); cauba_t.o (N.); caubat.iya_ place where boundaries of four fields meet (Bi.); covat. open space where four or more roads meet, market-place; caut.u~ market-place; cova_t, cova_t.e on all sides (G.); cauva_t.a_ cross-roads (M.); caupat. square open space (N.); caupat.t.a_ (M.); comt.a_, co~pt.a_ mound where boundaries of 4 villages meet (H.)(CDIAL 4620). caturas'ri quadrangular (RV.); caturas'ra (Kaus'.); caurasi, caura_si (S.); siurs (Si.); caturassa, caturassaka (Pali); carassa (Pkt.); caursa_ (L.); caursa (P.); coras' flat, level (WPah.); co_ras square (Ku.); cauras (N.); square, level, flat (B.Or.); square (Bi.); caursa_ a broad file (Bi.); cauras square, level (H.); coras square; a square (G.); cauras (M.)(CDIAL 4598). On all sides: caturdis'am on all sides (MBh.); catuddisam., catuddisa_ in all directions (Pali); caturdis'e, cadudis'i belonging to the four quarters (of the San:gha)(KharI.); caddisam., ca_uddisim. on all sides (Pkt.); caudisi, caudis (Mth.); codis', codas' (G.); caudis (H.); catudisa (OSi.Bra_hmi_ inscr.)(CDIAL 4609). Image: boundary: catir boundary, limit (Ta.); atir id. (Ma.); adiri border (Ka.); adiru, aduru a limit, boundary wall (Tu.)(DEDR 2325). cohodi, sarhad boundary (Santali.lex.) catus.ka consisting of four; set of four (Mn.); quadrangular courtyard (Skt.); catukka set of four, junction of four roads, village square (Pali); caukkka set of four, cross-roads, square (Pkt.); caukkia_ courtyard (Pkt.); cok^u rectangular frame; cokh, cokas house built round a court-yard (K.); cau~ku frame of door, square; cau~ko figure 4, smearing with cowdung; cau~ki_ stool (S.); cauk four cowries; cauka_ cooking place; cauk square (L.); cauk open square where 4 roads meet; caukka_ cooking place; cauka_ figure 4, cauki_ chair (P.); cauk courtyard (Ku.); cauk courtyard; cauko eating place (N.); sauka_ supports for cooking pot; saki_ stool (A.); cauk square courtyard; cauka_ adj. square; cooking place (Or.); cauki_ long low bench for sitting on (Mth.); cak increased by four (Bhoj.); caka_ cooking place (Bhoj.); cauk square, market (H.); cauka_ aggregate of four, cooking and eating place (H.); cauki_ square low seat (H.); caukho, cauko wooden seat (Ku.); cauki chair (N.); cok square, market, number four (G.); coko quadrangular spot, cooking place; coki_ square low seat (G.); cokiyu~ waggon drawn by four bullocks (G.); cauk courtyard, number four; cauka_ cooking place; cauki_ aggregate of four, stool (M.); cauku market (Konkan.i) (CDIAL 4629). catus.ko_n.a quadrangular (Skt.); catuko_n.a four-cornered (Pali); cakko_n.a, ca_ukko_n.a (Pkt.); cauku_n.a, cuku_n.a (P.); co_ku~r.~ (Ku.); caukuna_ four-cornered (N.); caukon.a_ (B.); cakon.a_ (Or.); cakun.a_ (Or.); caukon, caukona_ (H.); caukon., caukon.i_ (M.)(CDIAL 4633). cakkat.t.hi_ doorframe (Pkt.); cauka_t.h doorframe (L.); caukt.ha_ picture-frame (L.); cauka_t.h, caukhat. doorframe (P.); cuka_t.h frame of anything (P.); cuka_t.h wooden doorframe (WPah.); caukhat. (N.); sauka_t.h (A.); cauka_t.h (B.); cauka_t.ha (Or.); caukat.h (Bi.); caukhat.h, caukhat., caukhat.a_ (H.); cekt.hu~ rectangular frame (G.); caukat. (M.)(CDIAL 4631). Fourth: turi_ya fourth (RV.); a quarter (AV.); turi_yaka (Ya_j.); turya (Pa_n.. Va_rtt.); turia 4th (Pkt.); truy^u votive oblations made on behalf of a woman on the 4th day of delivery (K.)(CDIAL 5881). turi_ya a quarter, a fourth part; (in ve_da_nta phil) the fourth state of the soul in which it becomes one with Brahman or the Supreme Spirit (Skt.lex.) turya_s'ra 4-cornered (Skt.); turyavah cow 4 years old (TS.)(CDIAL 5881). caturtha fourth (AV.); catuttha (Pali); cauttha, cattha, caut.t.ha (Pkt.)(CDIAL 4600). cautha_ri_, caut.ha_ri_ untying of bracelets 4 days after marriage ceremony (Bi.)(CDIAL 4603). cautha_i_, cotha_i_ a quarter (S.); cautha_i_, cutha_i_ (P.); cautha_i (N.); cautha_i_ (Mth.H.M.); cotha_i_ (G.)(CDIAL 4602). caturttam fourth (Tan.d.i. 95)(Ta.lex.) Custom-house: cavikkai custom-house (Ta.); cavukkai id. (Ma.); cauki_ (U.) (Ta. lex.) Wedding pavilion: caturam < catur-as'ra square (Perun.. Ucaik. 42,29); id. (Ma.); catura-p-pa_t.u id. (Kur-al.. 235, Urai)(Ta.lex.) catura square; caturika_ square court (Skt.); caraya meeting place in a village (Pkt.); cauri_, cauriya_ wedding pavilion (Pkt.); caura_ raised platform on which the Tulasi plant is worshipped (H.); cori having four sloping roofs, quadrangular (B.); cauri_ courtyard surrounded by houses; caura_ place where sati_ is performed (H.); coro village meeting place (G.); cori_ square enclosure in which marriage ceremony is performed (G.)(CDIAL 4595). caupa_ri_ assembly hall (OAw.); caupa_r. vestibule, assembly room (H.)(CDIAL 4644). catvara quadrangular place (MBh.); caccara quadrangular space (Pali); cattara, caccara (Pkt.); ca_tar expanse of water (B.); ca_ta_l enclosed space, paved floor (B.); ca_car courtyard (G.)(CDIAL 4654). cavukkai square shed; raised square platform for sitting (Vir-alivit.u. 112)(Ta.); caukka (Pkt.)(Ta.lex.) caturvim.s'ati twenty-four (VS.); catuvi_sati (Pali); cavi_sai, cavi_sa, cauvvi_sa (Pkt.); cowuh (K.); covi_h (S.); cvi_, cavvi_ (L.); cauvi_ (P.); cbbi (WPah.); caubis (N.); saubix (A.); cabbis' (B.); cabis'a (Or.); caubis (Aw.); caubi_s (H.); covi_s (G.); cavvi_s, covi_s (M.)(CDIAL 4623). ca_r-a a line, a streak (Ka.); ca_r-apoppul.i a checkered female garment (Ka.); ca_ra four (M.); ca_rkha_ne-si_re a female's cloth with small coloured squares in it (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3396.Trousers: suta_n, suto_n, su_tan (Pas.); sutha_n (Phal.); sutha_n. (Phal.); suthan.a pantaloons, drawers (S.); sutthan women's drawers (L.); su_tthan. trousers (L.); suthan. pyjama trousers (L.); sutthan., sutthun. women's loose trousers (P.); su_than trousers (H.); su_thna_ men's trousers (H.); su_thni_ women's trousers (H.); suntha_na trousers (Tibetan-Skt. lexicon); su_tha_m.na (Khotanese-Skt. bilingual); s.atu_ a kind of trousers (Ash.); sota, sonta (Wg.); seta_n (Tir.); som.stani trousers? (NiDoc.); sosten trousers, drawers (Gypsy)(CDIAL 13468). cu_t.i cloth; cu_r-ai loin cloth, short drawers, callat.am (Ci_vaka. 632)(Ta.lex.) cf. semantic extension: cu_t.u to wear, esp. on the head (Ta.)(DEDR 2721).

3397.Aniseed: madhuraka seed of anethum panmorium (Sus'r.); madhurika_ (Skt.); mahuraga (NiDoc.); mari aniseed (B.)(CDIAL 9794). kan.t.il-ven.n.ai chinese anise, peruci_rakam (Kampara_. A_r-r-up. 13)(Ta.lex.) Pimpinella anisum: aniseed, pimpinella anisum, seeds [shetapusapa (Skt.); saonf (H.); muhuri (B.); sonf (M.); shombu (Ma.); cultivated in north-west India, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Orissa (GIMP, p.193). Pimpinella anisum (Ancient Egyptian inst; Modern Egyptian Arabic janso_n) 'Aniseed may be indigenous to Egypt and Asia Minor... The seeds have a strong aromatic flavour reminiscent of liquorice and very similar to fennel... is employed internally for various stomach ailments and is chewed for toothache (in pharaonic medical texts)'. (Lise Manniche, An Ancient Egyptian Herbal, British Museum Publications Ltd., p. 135). chattra fennel; mushroom (Skt.) s'atapus.pa_ peucedanum graveolens (Car. Su. 4.25,26) s'atapus.pa having 100 flowers (MBh.); anethum sowa (Sus'r.); s'atapus.pika_ (Skt.); s'atam.hima, s'atahima (AV.); satapuppha_ anise (Pali); sayapuppha_ (Pkt.); sapa (Or.); sauph (H.); sopha_ pl. (G.); s'ep, s'epu_ (M.); s'orum (Kho.); sau~pha (S.); sau~ph (P.); su~p (N.); sau~ph (Bi.H.); so~p, sop (M.); soe pl. (P.); soa_ (H.)(CDIAL 12283). catakuppi dill, anethum sowa (M.M. 852); bishop's weed, o_mam; cata-kuppai id. (Pata_rtta. 1046); cata-put.pi id. (Tailava. Taila. 59)(Ta.lex.) sada_pa, sada_bu, sabbasige, so_pu a kind of fennel, anethum panmori or sowa; sada_bu a strong-smelling herb, the common rue, ruta graveolens; sada-guppe a sort of fennel; s'atapus.pe a sort of dill or fennel, anethum sowa; sabbasige id. (Ka.lex.)

3398.Carroway, parsley, cummin: ajamo_da, ajamo_da_, ajamo_dika_ carroway, parsley, ligusticum ajwaen (Sus'r.); ajamo_ja cummin-seed (Pali); ajmo parsley (G.); o~va_ ligusticum ajwaen, sison ammi and its seed (M.); ada_ anethum sowa; adimoda a kind of parsley, carum copticum (Si.)(CDIAL 152). aja_ji_ cuminum cyminum, ficus oppositifolia, nigella indica (Sus'r.); o_jo_z caraway (Kho.)(CDIAL 156). ajas ointment, mixture (RV.); a~_za_ curry, pottage (A.); vyajana condiment (MBh.)(CDIAL 172). Cummin-seed: ji_raka cummin-seed (Sus'r.Pali); ji_raya (Pkt.); zyur^u carroway seed, cummin-seed (K.); ji_ro, ji_ri_ cummin-seed (S.); ji_ra_, ji_ri_ (P.); jiro, jir (Ku.); jiro (N.); zi_ra_ (A.); ji_ra_ (B.Or.Bi.); ji_r (Mth.); ji_ra_ (H.); ji_ru~ (G.); jiri~_, jire~ (M.); duru cummin-seed, fennel (Si.)(CDIAL 5234).

3399.Yellow orchid: s'a_li_na_ anethum panmorium (Skt.); s'ali_l yellow orchid with edible roots (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12416). Anethum sowa = peucedanum graveolens: satapushpi (S.); sowa (H.B.); surva (M.); sata kuppi (Ta.); fruits: carminative, stomachic; essential oil from the seeds: carminative; useful in flatulence of children; seeds yield 3-3.5% essential oil; habitat: throughout India, often cultivated (GIMP, p.19). Anethum graveolens, peucedanum graveolens: garden dill, dill seed, anet; dill (Ger.); fenouil puant (Fr.); part used: the dried ripe fruit; habitat: southern Europe; uses: stimulant, aromatic and carminative; in the flavouring of dill pickles, salads, meat and fish sauces, soups etc. (Heber, W. Youngken, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company, 1950, p. 634). {anethum graveolens (Ancient Egyptian imst; Coptic amici; Modern Egyptian Arabic s'abat) Dill is used primarily as a condiment... Oil from the seed is used chiefly as a scent in soaps and perfumes. (James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 1985, p.42). 'Dill is an umbelliferous annual with feathery aromatic leaves and umbels with yellow flowers. Dill leaves and, to some extent, dill seeds are widely used in cooking, particularly in Scandinavian countries, where it accompanies shellfish, and the unripe flower head is an important flavouring agent in pickled gherkins... Dioscorides says that it was called arakhou in Egyptian... In ancient Egypt dill was an ingredient in a pain-killing mixture... The seeds were used in an unguent for headache along with bryony, coriander, donkey's fat and two unidentified plants, and in a poultice for the 'vessels' of the shoulder including myrrh, frankincense, chaste-tree, grass, sawdust of fir, sycamore figs, fermented plant juice and three unidentified items... Dill stems with leaves and flowers were found on the mummy of Amenophis II (1567-1320 BC).' (Lise Manniche, An Ancient Egyptian Herbal, British Museum Publications Ltd., p. 74).

3400.Mango: cu_ta the mango tree, mangifera indica (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.)

3401.Image: fish: cot.t.ai-va_l.ai fresh water fish, silvery, attaining more than 2 ft. in length, notopterus kapirat; butter-fish, fresh-water fish, silvery shot with purple, attaining 1 1/2 ft. in length, callichrous bimaculatus (Ta.lex.)

3402.To cut to pieces: sond.a (sond.i-) to cut to pieces, chop up, hack; pl. action sot.ka (sot.ki-)Kui); hu_ndali, hun.d.- (-it-), hond.- to cut to pieces (flesh)(Kuwi); hond.- (-t-) to cut up (meat); intens. hot.ka- (Pe.); en.d.- to cut meat, carve (Go.)(DEDR 2841). kud.keakud.ke kar make pieces; gutki, gutke chop-house (Kon.lex.)

3404.Bag for food: co_ttu-p-pakka_l.i, co_r-r-u-p-pakka_l.i, co_r-r-u-p-pakkarai a glutton, as a bag for food; a bag containing food (Ta.lex.)

3405.Image: rag: sotthiya a childbirth rag (Pali.lex.)

3406.A climbing plant: co_tiyam < jyo_tis.mati_ climbing staff plant, va_lul.uvai, celastrus paniculata (Ta.lex.)

3407.Bouquet: cen.t.a_yutan- Aiyan-a_r, as bearing the weapon cen.t.u, a kind of bouquet (Tiruva_ca. 9,18)(Ta.); cen.d.u (Te.); cen.t.alari double-flowered oleander, nerium odorum (Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

3408.Fine: cen.n.am beautiful form (Perun.. Ucaik. 3,75); fine, delicate work (Ci_vaka. 1333); can-n-am fine plaster (Ta.); sanna fineness (Te.Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Image: fine, thin: sido fine, smooth, thin (Gypsy)(CDIAL 14836). cf. syod^u straight (K.); sidho straight (S.)(CDIAL 13401).

3409.Image: a large drum: can-n-ai a large temple drum (Ta.lex.) sam.na_dayati causes to resound (MBh.); sanna_na_ to resound (H.); san(n)a_t.a_ loud whistling or whizzing noise (H.)(CDIAL 12927). cintu_ram a kind of drum (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) Image: large drum: cen.t.ai a kind of large drum (Kampara_. Pirama_t. 5); cen.t.a (Ma.); cen.d.e (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) cen.t.a kettledrum (Ma.); can.d.e a kind of drum (Ka.); can.d.i id. (Kor.); cen.d. a large drum (Tu.)(DEDR 2767). svana noise (RV.); svanati sounds (R.); ava_svani_t, pl. svanayan (RV.); sanati, san.ati sounds (Pali); san.a sound (Pkt.); san.ia sounded (Pkt.); sana whizz (B.); san whistling, whizz, shooting pain (H.); sansan with a whizz (N.); sansana_hat.i humming in the ears (Mth.); sansana_na_ resound, whistle, whizz, be excited; sunsuna_na_, sansana_hat. whizzing, etc. (H.); san.san. with a whizz (G.); san.an.an. (M.); san:kijan.u to be blasted (S.); sankanu to get very angry (N.); sanakna_ to have a ringing in the head, be tipsy (H.); san:ko whizz (G.); san:ka_ (M.)(CDIAL 13901). sva_na noise (RV.); twang (of bowstring)(Skt.); sa_n trill in music (P.); san-a sound (Si.)(CDIAL 13926). avasvanati flies down with noise (RV.); avas.van.ati smacks the lips (Pa_n..); vasan.n.e~, vasn.a_vn.e~, vasn.avn.e~ to talk in sleep or delirium, rave (M.)(CDIAL 880). nisva_na sound (MBh.); nisvana (Ya_j.); n.issan.a, n.i_san.a (Pkt.); nisa_na music (MB.); nisa_n.a large drum (OM.); nisa_n (Bhoj.); ni_sa_n kettledrum (H.); ni_sa_n.a, ni_m.sa_n.a announcing drum (OG.)(CDIAL 7537).

3410.Camphor; image: sun, fire: cut.ar fire, brightness (Ma.); cu_d.- singeing, searing, heating (Skt.)(DEDR 2654). cut.ar burning lamp; flame; spark; sun; sunshine; light, brilliance, lustre (Ta.lex.) ce-cut.ar sun, fire (Ta.); kecod.ar sun, fire (Ka.); ce-cut.-p-pakavan the fire-god; the sun-god (Ta.lex.) cut.ar burning lamp (Perumpa_n.. 349); sod.ar (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) cu_t.u that which is heated, burnt, roasted (Pat.t.in-ap. 63); id. (Ma.); heat, warmth (Ta.); tcu_d.u (Te.); cu_t.u (Ma.); cu_d.u (Te.)(Ta.lex.) cu_t.t.at.uppu a kind of domestic oven (Kumara. Pira. Mi_n-a_t.. Pil.l.ait. 23); cu_t.at.uppu (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) Images: sun; lamp: co_ti < jyo_tis light, splendour, lustre, brilliancy, effulgence (Tiruva_ca. 3,20); ray or streak of light; lamp, torch; fire; sun; the supreme being; S'iva; lit. camphor; vermilion; co_ticu brilliancy (Ci. Ci. 8,21, Civa_k.); co_tit.ar the heavenly bodies (Cu_l.a_. Tur-avu. 206); co_tiyan- god, as radiant (Tiruva_ca. 1,72); co_tiya_n- the sun, as luminous (Kampara_. Tirumut.i. 34)(Ta.lex.) Astrologers: co_tit.am < jyo_tis.a astrology (Na_lat.i, 52); co_tit.avar astrologers (Pu. Ve. 4,8, Urai.); co_ti-nu_l astronomy (Ce_tupu. Kantama_. 17)(Ta.lex.) Image: sun: u_r.. time, turn, sun (Ta.); en-r--u_r.. sun, summer, sunshine (Ta.)(DEDR 869); ur..i regular order (Ta.); u_t.u time, turn (Ma.); u_r..am turn, turn of duty (Ma.); u_r..i earth, world (Ma.); u_r..ukka_ran undertaker of a lottery (Ma.); su_r.. time, turn, season (Ka.)(DEDR 2736). sus'ka dried (RV.)(CDIAL 12548). su_ra sun (RV.Pali.Pkt.); su_riya (RV.); surya (Pali); sujja (Pkt.); suj (L.); sivi the sun's ray (Si.); siju sun (S.); sijjh, sijh, sejj (L.); su_ria (Pkt.); su_ri (Tir.Kand.Phal.); sun, sunshine (Sh.); suri_ (Nin:g.Shum.); su_ri_ (Gaw.); surya (Sv.); su_re, siri_, siri sun (K.); (h)ira, (h)iri, (h)iru, (h)ira (Si.); iru (Md.); sur (Pas'.); si_r (Bshk.); si_ (Bshk.); swi_r (Mai.); sir (Wot..); so_, s^uo (Ash.); so_i so_ (Wg.); su_ (Kt.); ser (Dm.); sa~_ (Gmb.)(CDIAL 13574).

3411.Medicinal oil: cut.al a kind of medicinal oil (Ta.); sod.al (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) sod.d.al.a, sod.d.a_l.a, sod.d.al.a lin:gade_va S'iva (Ka.lex.)

3412.Muddy; wet: jodo bodo to be covered with mud (Santali.lex.) cf. cotta mud, mire (Ma.)(DEDR 2843). cota-coten-al expr. signifying the state of being mashy, as overboiled rice, or of being soaked as with oil or other fluid (Ta.lex.) s'a_da mud (Skt.lex.) sa_dal.n.e to be damp and cold (M.); cha_dla_ moss, slime (B.)(CDIAL 12387). sa_rdra wet, moist (MBh.); sall well-watered and moistened (of land)(Ku.)(CDIAL 13368). a_rdra wet (RV.); adda wet, slippery (Pali); wet (Pkt.); atere wet (Tir.); z mud (Tor.); adj. wet (Tor.); azu wet (Sh.); odur^u (K.); a_d.roko moist (S.); ada wet (Si.); alla moist, freshly gathered (Pali); alla wet (Pkt.); ya_lo fresh, uncooked (Gypsy); all, a_l wet (Bshk.); a_lo (S.); alla_ unripe, half-parched, imperfectly healed (P.); a_lo wet, fresh (Ku.); a_lo freshly picked (N.); a_la_ damp (H.); a_lo (OMarw.); a_la_-li_lu~ half-wet and half-dry (G.); a_la_-pa_la_, a_le~-pa_le~ mere greens and roots (M.)(CDIAL 1340).

3413.Image: crooked: sed.e crookedness (Ka.); sed.avu the state of being crooked or bent (Ka.); sed.e, sat.i, set.e to grow crooked or bent, to bend (Ka.); tat.uku shrinking, shrivelling (Te.); cer-ugu (Ma.); cir-ugu to shrink (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) kad.u crookedness; kad.u-vil, kad.u-bil a crooked, bent bow (Ka.); kud.u, kud.a, kud.i the state of being crooked, bent, hooked or tortous (Ka.); kod.aku crookedness (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) kat.i bending, curvature (Skt.); scelus crooked deed (Lat.); scheel squint (Ger.); kat.i hip, waist (Pali)(Pali.lex.)

3414.Image: to convey, carry: ced.e to convey, carry (Malt.); cer.na_ to raise a burden to one's shoulders, undertake, suffer (Kur.)(DEDR 2762). Shoulder-blade; collarbone: sat.t.a shoulder-blade (Kol.); shoulder (Kol.); back (Nk.); sat.t.a_, satta_, hat.t.a, at.t.a, at.a jaba shoulder; set.t.a_ shoulder-blade (Go.); cat.t.uvam shoulder bone (Ma.)(DEDR 2303). cet.t.ai wing, feather, plumage, fin, shoulderblade (Ta.); cet.t.upa, cat.t.upa wing (Te.)(DEDR 2764). jatru pl. collarbone (RV.); jatruka (Ya_j.); jattu (Pali); jat- shoulder (OSi.10th cent.); dat- shoulder (OSi.13th cent.)(CDIAL 5096). had.d.a bone (Si.); hajhi_ shoulder-blade (S.); ha~ji_ (L.); ha~_s collar-bone (H.); ha~_sr.i_ collar (G.); am.salaga shoulder; ham.sala sort of ornament (Pkt.); hasli_ gold or silver collar (P.); ha~_suli collar (N.); ha~sli_ (H.); ha~_sl.i_ (M.); hasu silver collar (S.); hassi_ collar-bone (L.); has neck-bone (L.); hass, hasi_ shoulderblade (P.); am.sa shoulder, shoulder-blade (RV.); shoulder (Pali.Pkt.); aj-vaj m.pl. limbs; aj-ba~_ (L.); as shoulder (Si.)(CDIAL 6). had.d.a bone (Skt.Pkt.); had.d. (Par.); har bone (Gypsy); hari finger-nail (Gypsy); ho_t., pl. had.a bone (D..); had. (Gaw.Bshk.); had.-mio_ marrow (Phal.); had.d.un:g bone (Phal.); ad.a pl. bones (esp. of forearm and shin); ad.yul^u large bone; ad.ij^u small bone (K.); had.u bone; had.o bone of an animal; had.i_ small bone (S.); had.d., had.d.i_ bone (L.P.); had.d.a_ spavin (L.P.); had. bone (L.); had.d., had.d.o_, pl. had.a~_ (WPah.); ha_r. (Ku.N.B.Bhoj.H.); ha_r (A.); ha_r.a (Or.); ha~_r. (Aw.); had.d.a_, had.d.i_ (H.); ha_d.i_ (OMarw.); ha_d. (G.M.); ha_d.a (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 13952). a_s.u_r.a_ collar-bone (Pas'.)(CDIAL 33).

3415.Tuft of rice plants; bundle of sheaves: su_d.i a small bundle of grass (Ka.); cu_d.i a bundle of faggots (Tu.); su_d.i sheaf, bundle (Tu.); hu_r.i bar.ga stick for carrying sheaves (Kuwi); cu_t.u bundle of sheaves (Ta.); cu_t.t.u bundle, sheaf as of transplanted rice (Ma.); su_d.u a bundle as of grass, etc. (Ka.)(DEDR 2723). kud bundle (Ko.); bundle of firewood or grass (To.)(DEDR 1866). jhu_r.i_ bunch, bundle (G.)(CDIAL 5412). ju_r.i_ bundle, bunch (G.); small knot of hair (L.)(CDIAL 5258). cu_d. tuft of rice plants (M.); cud.i torch of wisps (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 4883). xot.a_ bundle of grass (A.); s'u_n.t.i torch (Phal.); s'ol. reed (Kho.); s'u_i white stem of seedling (Sh.); s.o_lu small branch (Sh.)(CDIAL 12622). Skein, bundle: cu_t.at.ittal to thresh sheaves of corn by treading with cattle (W.)(Ta.lex.) su_t.e a torch of wisps etc. (Ka.); cud.i_, cu_d.a (M.); tu_t.e, su_t.e (Tu.)(Ka.lex.) cu_t.t.u a kind of ola torch (Na_.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) ut.^u skein, bundle (K.); ace id. (K.)[cf.accu weaver's stay or reed (Ma.)(DEDR 48)]; at.t.a_ skein (P.); at.t.i_ skein (L.P.); a_t.i bundle, sheaf (Or.); a_t.i_, an.t.i_ skein, bundle, sheaf (H.); a~_t.i_ skein of thread (G.); a~_t.ho, a~_t.hi plait of hair, bundle, sheaf (Ku.); at.t.ha_ handful (Pkt.)(CDIAL 181). Net; lump: ut.a leaves or grass used for thatching (Skt.)(CDIAL 1681). un.d.uka net, chignon, part of the body (Skt.); un.d.e_rakasraj balls of meal on a string (Ya_j.)(CDIAL 1699). u~d.a_ lump of kneaded dough (M.); unnu_ hoop-shaped mat under a head-burden (L.)(CDIAL 1699). Roll of cloth: in.d.va two coverings made of munja grass to protect the hands from fire (S'Br.); an.d.uva, an.d.uka a roll (of cloth, hairs, or the like)(Pali); an.d.u_paka circular roll of cloth used as a stand for a vessel (Pali); Knob of oven: in.d.a_ knob of an oven (Or.); innu_ hoop-shaped mat put under a head-burden (P.); e~r.ua_ seat of hemp or grass (Aw.); i~_d.wa_, i~_d.huwa_ roll of grass or cloth to put under a head-burden (H.); i~_d.wi_, i~d.uri_ small roll of grass or cloth to put under a head-burden (H.); i~dua_ head mat (H.)(CDIAL 1559). vit.t.i_ bundle (Pkt.); bir.a_ roll of betel, sheaf, packet, coil, rest for a pot (B.); vi_t.o roll (G.); bit.o sheaf (Ku.); bi~_d. coil of coarse rope in a well (P.)(CDIAL 12045). {Concordant with the cu_d.a ~~ in.d.va transforms meaning coil-pad, it is possible that the ancient unit of measure for a skein of thread was: ci_d.u: cen.t.u ball of thread; cet.t.ai short lace-border in cloth (Ta.lex.); cit.t.ai short striped border of a cloth (Ta.); cit.t.e a coloured border or edge of a cloth (Te.)(DEDR 2514)}.

3416.Image: crack: co_ti crack in walls, dams or banks (Ta.); co_ti-vir..utal to be cracked, dimpled (Ta.) cf. che_da (Ta.lex.)

3417.Anus; vulva: cu_ttu anus, buttocks, private parts, pudendum muliebre; cu_r-u anus (Ta.); cu_ttu testicles, penis (Ma.); suti female urinal passage (Kui)(DEDR 2724). cu_ta, cu_ti anus; cyuti vulva (Skt.); cul penis (Pers.); coth, coti anus, vulva (K.); cuti, cutar.u anus, rump (S.); cu_ti vulva (S.); cut anus, bottom (L.); cuttar., cutr.i_ buttock; cutt bottom (of a lamp); cut vulva (L.); cutt, cu_t vulva; cuttar. rump; cittar. buttocks (P.); cu_t vulva (Ku.H.G.); cu_tar. haunch, thigh, hip (Ku.); cutar. anus, buttocks (N.); cutal anus, buttocks (Or.); c.uta~_d. vulva (M.); cu_tar. rump (H.); c.u_t vulva (M.); cud.u id. (S.); cud.d. (L.P.); cur. (P.H.); c.uk (Kho.)(CDIAL 4860). so_tr. engendering (Skt.); savitri_ mother (Skt.); su_tri~_ genital organ (AV.); female (Phal.); so~_c.i adj. female, so_c., pl. so_c.i (of animals)(Sh.); sot vulva (of animals)(M.); so~ti_ (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 13604). zadah podex (Av.); zlu vulva (Pr.)(CDIAL 5097).

3418.To wear on the head; be crowned: cu_t.t.u wreath, garland (Perun.. Ucaik. 46,233); investing; adorning as with crown, head-dress (Ta.); cu_t.t.u-k-kattikai a kind of garland (Ir-ai. 2, Pak. 42, Urai.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) cu_t.am < cu_d.a_ crown of the head (Pa_rata. Aruccun-an-r-i_r. 7)(Ta.lex.) cu_t.u (cu_t.i-) to wear esp. on the head; be invested as with a title, be crowned (Ta.); cu_t.t.u (cu_t.t.i-) to crown; adorning as with crown, garland, crest (Ta.); cu_t.uka to wear on the head (Ma.); cu_t.ikka to crown (Ma.); su_d.u to put on the head as flowers, etc., receive, obtain (Ka.)(DEDR 2721). Image: a type of men's hair style: su_t.e a type of men's hair style (Ga.); cu_t.u hair tuft, crest, comb (Ta.); cu_nd. to tie hair in knot (Pa.); cu_t.a woman's hair tied in knot (Pa.); sund. to roll up and tie hair in bunch (Ga.); cu_d.a_ hair tuft, cock's comb (Skt.)(DEDR 2721)(CDIAL 4883). Image: crest, topknot: chim.d.a, chem.d.a_ crest, topknot (Pkt.); s'e~d.a_ head, tip, top (of anything); s'e~d.i_ tuft left at tonsure (M.); s'em.d.i (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 12434). cen.t.u tassel (Ma.); ce_d.u_ ball (M.); cen.d. ball on man's hair-cord (Ko.); cen.d.u cluster of flowers, bouquet (Ka.)(DEDR 2766). Image: tuft: cin.t.u hair-tuft (Ta.); s'in.t.i id. (Ma.); cit.t.u-k-kut.umi small hair-tuft on the crown of the head (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Images: hairtail worn by men; mane; chignon: su_nd gat. knot of hair at back (Go.); cundi_ the hairtail as worn by men (Kur.) (DEDR 2670). cu_l.a knot, crest (Pali); cu_l.a_ topknot, cockscomb (Pali); cu_d.a_, cu_la_, cu_liya_ topknot, hair tuft, cock's comb, tiger's mane (Pkt.); cur.ya curls (Gypsy); co_ru, cu~r peak, high mountain (Dm.); cul hair of head, curl (B.); cula_ hair of head, lock, headdress (B.); cu_l.a hair on head, lock (Or.); cu_la_ dome on top of a building (Or.); suli hair on head (A.); culo mountain peak (Ku.); cu_l.i conical peak of hill (Or.); cu_r.a_ topknot (H.); cu_r. tenon (L.); crest, top, forehead (Mth.); topknot, ceremony of tonsure (H.); sil.u top, head, lock of hair, peacock's crest (Si.); cu_n knot of hair (Pas'.); cot.o topknot (S.); cot.u cone (S.); cot.i_ peak (L.); top, topknot (S.); cot.t.a_ topknot, top, peak (P.); cut.i topknot (Or.); cut.iya_ (H.); cot.lo hair of head (G.); cundi topknot (Or.)(CDIAL 4883). caud.a relating to tonsure; n. the tonsure ceremony (Mn.); caula (A's'vGr.); co_laa shaving the head (Pkt.); col.e~ tonsure of a child's head (M.)(CDIAL 4936). cu_l.war a grown-up woman wearing all her plaits of hair (Kho.)(CDIAL 4886). colleya, colleha, jolleha pointed end of a female`s bundle of hair at the back of the head (Ka.); jollemu, jol.l.emu a tire formed by weaving the tresses in chains and then by coiling them at the back of the head; a wreath of mangrove flowers (Te.)(DEDR 2858). ju_t.a twisted hair (Skt.); ju_d.a (Pkt.); ju_r.o hair tied in a knot on crown (S.); ju_r.a_ (L.); Sikh's knot of hair (P.); hair tied in a knot (Or.Mth.H.); jura_ id. (Mth.); ju_r.i_ small knot of hair (L.); juro woman's knot of hair, crest of bird, hood of snake, hump of bullock (N.); zuri wisp of grass tied round a tree (A.); jul.i_ bundle of leaves (M.); jud.a_, jud.i_ knot of hair, bunch, bundle (M.); jun.d.a_ short hair (S.)(CDIAL 5258). jhun.t.ri_ woman's queue of hair (WPah.); jhu~t. chignon, bird's crest, protuberance on back of ox or camel (B.); jhun.t.i (Or.); jhu~t.iya_ lock of hair on crown of head (H.); jho~t.i_ queue of hair (Mth.); jho~t.a_ tuft of hair (Bhoj.); jho~t. knot of hanging hair (M.); jhut.u top knot (S.); jhu~r.o knot of hair (S.); jhu_r.a_ (L.); jhur.o bunch of false hair for making up a woman's hair (G.); jhot.o tuft of hair on crown (S.)(CDIAL 5401). jus hair (Pas'.); jhu_s beard of barley (Ku.); jhus fine hair, hairs on a plant or caterpillar, shavings (N.)(CDIAL 5412). {cu_l.a (Skt. cu_lika_, cf. cu_d.a_) swelling, protuberance; root, knot, crest; kan.n.a-cu_l.a the root of an elephant's ear; ad.d.ha-cu_l.a a measure; cu_l.a_ (Vedic cu_d.a_) = cu_l.a, usually in sense of crest only, esp. denoting the lock of hair left on the crown of the head when the rest of the head is shaved; chot.ali (G.); mark of distinction of a king; a cock's comb.(Pali.lex.)} jhot.a fibre of corchorus capsularis, jute (Or.); ju_t. jute (prob. < Eng. jute); jut.hi (NiDoc.); jhut.o, jhot.o (B.)(CDIAL 14524). cu_d.i a coil of rope (Tu.)(DEDR 2723). jut.t.u tuft of hair on shaven head (Ma.Tu.); long lock or tuft of hair, crest of a bird such a peacock (Te.); jut.t.i tuft of hair (Kol.); topknot, cock's comb (Go.); jot.t.u hair-knot (Ka.); jut.t.a, jut.t.u, jut.lu the tuft of hair left on the crown of the head at the ceremony of tonsure, crest, tuft growing on an animal's head (Ka.); jit.t.i tuft of hair as worn by brahmans, etc., woman's backhair (Kod..); cut.t.i_ bristles, mane; hair (of man or animals)(Kur.); cut.t.i tuft of hair (Ta.)(DEDR 2655). ju_t.a- twisted hair of ascetics and S'iva (CDIAL 5258); cu_t.u to wear, esp. on the head; be invested as with a title, be crowned;n. hair tuft, crest, comb (Ta.); cu_t.t.u to adorn as with garlands, crown, invest with honours; crest, cock's comb, snake's head, fellow of a wheel (Ta.); cock's comb, mark on the forehead of cattle (Ma.); su_d.u to put on the head as flowers, etc., receive, obtain (Ka.); cu.d. (cu.d.i) to stick (flower) in hair (Kod..); cu_nd. to tie hair in knot; cu_t.a woman's hair tied in knot (Pa.); sund. to roll up and tie hair in bunch (Ga.); cu_t.al putting on the head (Ma.); cu_t.ikka to make to wear, crown; cu_t.t.uka to put on the head, tie a bundle like a hairlock (Ma.)(DEDR 2721). Cap: kho_la a kind of hat; helmet (Skt.)[cf. xaoda (Av.); xo_l (Psht.)]; kur cap (Kt.); kur. (Par.); kereti (Av.); zuka-kui (Kt.); wol.ik (Pr.); kho_lat.a_, xolat.ek cap (Pr.); kh^ru (Kal.); kho_i pointed cap (Kho.); khe_e (Tor.); kho_i (Sh.D..); kho_i_ cap (Sh.); khol. hooded cloak (M.); holu cloth cap covering the cheeks, helmet (S.)(CDIAL 3942). kulla_ < kula_h (U.) a kind of cap, skull-cap, nightcap, fez (Ko_yilo_. 36) (Ta.lex.) Image: hair worn with plaits in front by virgins: cu~_d.a_ hair worn with plaits in front (by virgins)(L.); cur plait of hair (Gypsy); curn, co_rn lock of hair (Gypsy); cur.uk long hair (Wg.); cu_ri_ long hair (Kal.); cul. plait, woman's hair (Kho.); cul (Kal.)(CDIAL 4883). cundi_ the hairtail as worn by men (Kur.)(DEDR 2670). su_t.e a type of men's hairstyle (Ga.); tu.t. front tuft of hair (To.)(DEDR 2721). cu_d.a_ topknot on head (Skt.); co_d.a (TS.)[< Drav. cf. cu_la_ ceremony of tonsure...it may belong eventually to the group of words for 'hair' (< Munda) including ju_t.a twisted hair (Skt.); ju_r.a_ Sikh's knot of hair, broom (P.) (CDIAL 5258)]; cu_l.a knot, crest (Pali); cu_l.a_ topknot, cockscomb (Pali); cu_d.a_, cu_la_, cu_liya_ topknot, tiger's mane (Pkt.); cur.ya curls (Gypsy); cur plait of hair (Gypsy); co_rn lock of hair (Gypsy); cur.uk long hair (Wg.); cu~ri id. (Kal.); cul. plait, woman's hair (Kho.); cul (Kal.); suli hair on head (A.); cul (B.); cula_ hair on head, headdress, lock (B.); cu_l.a hair on head (Or.); cu_r. topknot, ceremonyy of tonsure (H.); cu_r.a_ topknot (H.); sil.u head, lock of hair (si.); cu_n knot of hair (Pas.); cu~_d.a_ hair worn with plaits in front (by virgins)(L.); knot of hair, cockscomb (P.); co~d.a_, co~r.a_ head, topknot, coil of woman's hair (H.); cot.t.i_ topknot, crest (Pkt.); cot.o topknot (S.); cot.t.a_ topknot (P.); cundi topknot (Or.)(CDIAL 4883). cu_r.a hump on bull or other animal (Or.)(CDIAL 4883). cu_l.war a grown-up woman wearing all her plaits of hair (Kho.); cu_d.a_vati having locks of hair (Skt.)(CDIAL 4886). Image: tiger's mane: cu_d.a_, cu_la_, cu_liya_ tiger's mane (Pkt.); cur.ya pl. curls; cur plait of hair; curn, co_rn lock of hair (Gypsy); cur.uk long hair (Wg.); cu~_r.i_ hair on temples (L.); suli hair on head (A.); cot.i_, cot.li_ tuft of hair (G.)(CDIAL 4883). ul.ai mane, hair of head (Ta.); ul.a mane of horse or lion, man's hair (Ma.)(DEDR 701). carcara- curled or woolly hair (RV.) = caran.as'i_la- (Sa_y.); carcari_ (Skt.); ca~_car curled (of hair), a curl (B.); ca_cara, ca_cera (Or.); ca~_car (Mh.)(CDIAL 4693).

3419.Image: bracelet: cf. ci~dup (pl. ci~dpul) bracelet (of men)(Pa.); cinup (pl. cinpul), sinup (pl. sinpul) bracelet (Ga.); sinnu_m id. (Go.)(DEDR 2531). cf. kindrap- (kindrat-) to make to revolve (Ga.); kindra_- (kindra a_-) to revolve; kindray ki- to make to revolve (Pe.); kindra_- to revolve (Mand..); kindra'a_na_ to put into circular motion (Kur.)(DEDR 1554). su_d.aga, su_d.iga, cu_d.a_lu, cu_d.a_bal.e a bracelet (Ka.); su_d.iga (Te.); cu_r.., cu_r..u to environ, surround, encompass (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) cu_d.e, cu_d.a_bal.e a bracelet with a hinge and lock (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cu_t.akam bracelet (Perun.. Vattava. 12,210)(Ta.lex.) cu_d.a, cu_laa bracelet (Pkt.); cu_r.o (S.); cu_r., cu_r.a_ (L.P.B.); cur.o (Ku.); cu_r.a_ ring on elephant's tusk, bracelet (H.); cu_r.i_ bracelet (Mth.Or.); bangle (H.G.); cu_r.o (G.); cu_ra_ anklet or bracelet (OAw.); cu_r. bangle (G.); cud.a_ id. (M.); cu_r, cu_ri_ bracelet (Bi.); suri_ a kind of ornament (A.); curo, curi bracelet (N.)(CDIAL 4884). cu_t.a_ bracelet, sacred eleocarpus bead enclosed in gold and hung round the neck in a gold band (Ta.); su_d.aga, su_d.iga bracelet (Ka.); cu_d.a, cu_d.aga a kind of gold bracelet (Tu.); su_d.igamu a kind of bracelet (Te.); su_r.a, cu_r.a_ bracelet (Go.)(DEDR App.39). Bracelet: cu_rppu bracelet (Pur-ana_. 153,3)(Ta.lex.) churi_ a bracelet of gold or silver, a bangle made of lac, or ivory, or glass worn by women on forearm; churigar one who makes or sells bangles of lac (P.lex.) tsud.o, tsud.ya_ simple bracelet (Kon.lex.)

3420.Image: protuberance on brick: cu_d.a protuberance on brick (S'Br.); cu_l.a swelling, protuberance, knot (Pali); cur point, tip (Kt.); sula_ knob on a wooden sandal, any knob, protuberance (A.)(CDIAL 4883). Image: to mark with dots: t.u_r.na_ (tud.d.yas) to mark with dots, streaks etc. (Kur.); t.d.e to smear, paint (Malt.)(DEDR 2968). Image: knobs; hollow: d.opt.ho bones projecting at the joints like knobs, a knob or excrescence on a tree etc.; d.opot hollow, flaw as in an earthen pot; the shell can be pressed in because hollow as an India rubber ball (Santali.lex.) Image: dent or depression; bend: ot.ukku dent or depression in a metal utensil (Ta.lex.) cf. tol.l.i a drop (Ma.)(DEDR 3361). Image: knob or ornamental dot: cot.t.ai a knob-like contrivance for hanging anything (Ta.); cot.t.a boss, knob or ornamental dot on knife-handles, etc.; knob into which the blade of a knife and a style are fixed (Ma.)(DEDR 2839). cot.t.ai dent (Ta.lex.) Adorning: co_t.ittal < jo_d.na (H.) to adorn, beautify, decorate, as a town, a street, a dwelling, a person; to prepare carefully, concoct, arrange; co_t.ippu adorning, decorating; co_t.in-ai adorning, decoration, attire for play; beauty due to decoration (Vir-alivit.u. 375); co_t.an-ai id. (Ta.); jo_d.an.e (Ka.Tu.); co_t.in-ai-k-ka_ran- maker of costumes for actors in a play; one who dresses actors for the stage; co_t.al saree; co_t.t.u-p-pal.l.i a kind of saree; co_t.u a kind of legging for warriors (Kan-a-var..i. 9); coat of mail (Ku_l.appa. 43)(Ta.lex.)

3421.Image: spider; weavers: makers of cloth: je_d.a, ja_d.a a weaver belonging to the Lingavanta sect; spider (Ka.); ja_d.e, ja_d.ye weaver, spider (Tu.); je_n.d.ra, de_n.d.ra a caste of weavers (Te.)(DEDR 2809). cf. ja_ju, ja_du colour of red ochre, red colour (Ka.); redness (Te.); dha_tu ore (Skt.)(DEDR 2437). ce_n.ikan- an illustrious Jain king; a class of weavers (Nan-. 289, Mayilai)(Ta.lex.) ce_n.iyan (E.T. vi,361), ce_n.t.iravar weavers (Ta.); je_d.aru (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Cloth: sendra cloth (Ga.Go.); hendra (Pe.); handra, hendra (Mand..); hendra_ (Kuwi); se_ndara_ (Gutob. and similar words in the Munda languages)(DEDR 2771). d.erenga_ weaver (Kui); d.e'ra_ id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 2975). d.hera_ crosspiece of wood for threading yarn on (H.); instrument for twisting yarn (P.)(CDIAL 5474). d.her heap, large quantity (Ku.); much, many (L.); d.e_r heap, store, granary (K.); d.erhi surplus, excess (A.)(CDIAL 5599).

3422.Resin: ce_t.i a glutinous earth put on walls to keep off the rain, esp. red (Ma.); je_d.i a sort of pipeclay (Ka.); je_d.i, se_d.i glutinous clay, chalk, a kind of white earth (Tu.); s'ed.i_, s'ed.u_, s'a_d.u_ pipeclay (M.)(DEDR 2806).jid.d.u oiliness, grease or greasiness, unctuousness (Te.); a substance that is smeary, greasy or oily, as ghee or oil (Ka.); jit.kip- to stick to (Nk.); cin- to stick, adhere (< cin.-/cin.d.-); caus. cinip- (cinit-)(Pa.); sit.pa, (sit.t-), sir.pa (sir.t-) to be sticky, tacky; si_nd.u, si_nd.ru, ji_nd.ru gum, resin (Kui); hind.ru resin (Kuwi)(DEDR 2516). cf. ci_n.t.u stench (Ta.)(DEDR 2523). cf. jir gum (Ko.)(DEDR 2556). cf. sin.d.u fetid smell (Ka.); cin.d.i scent (found by dog in hunting, etc.)(Kod..)(CDIAL 2523). Affecting the smell powerfully: cet.i bad odour, stench; that which is decayed (Ta.); ceyr., cet., cet. ceyr. bad smell (Ko.); sid.y id. (To.); s'et.t.uni to decay, be spoiled; s'et.t.a_vuni to spoil, destroy, ruin; s'et.t.i, s'et.t. spoiled, ruined; tet.t.uni to rot, decay, be damaged, rupted, or failed; tet.t.u, s'et.t.u, het.t.u bad, rotten; sed.i strong, affecting the smell powerfully (Tu.); ced.u to be rotten; ced.d.a, ced.u rotten (Te.); sen.d.- to decay (Kond.a)(DEDR 2760). cetukku rottenness; cetukkikka to be rotten (Ma.); cetu- (-pp-, -tt-) to lose lustre, shrink, be weak; cetukku that which is faded, dried as flowers; cetuval withering (Ta.)(DEDR 2769). Vegetable matter: cettal dry rubbish, dried vegetable matter as grass, leaves, etc., hay, straw (Ta.); cettal dry, over-ripe coconut on the tree, shrivelled palmyra or other fruit, dried chillies, plantain trees, vegetables or grass; cetuku rubbish, chaff, dried leaves (Ta.; cetta, cer-r-a little stick sor leaves for kindling a fire or covering a hut, what is made of it, screen or wicket of wicker work (Ma.); satte, sade, sedage rubbish, dirt, stuff, trash (Ka.); sed sweeping, rubbish (Tu.); sada rubbish (Kor.); cetta id., dirt, trash, refuse; ceda_ramu trash (Te.)(DEDR 2770). For semant. 'ripe' cf. hen- (-t-) to ripen, become ripe, be ripe (Pe.Mand..); ser.nba (ser.t-), ser.pa (ser.t-) id.; senpa (sent-) to be ripe; semboli mature, ripened; senburi old, too ripe (Kui)(DEDR 2765). gadad.u, gadaru the fetid smell of cattle urine; the smell of sheep and goats; the disagreeable smell of burning chillies or tobacco (Ka.); kasat.u dirt, foulness, odour, gust, etc. (Te.); gadal.a foulness of a liquid; dregs, refuse (M.)(Ka.lex.) jad.d.u, jid.d.u the disagreeable smell of sheep's milk (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cf. kacat.u dregs (Ta.)(DEDR 1088). cf. kasat.a nasty (Pali)(CDIAL 2615). jibaru gummy excretion of the eye (Ka.); jipad.apa, jid.a_, jivad.e_m. (M.); jibbu stickiness, sliminess; the sap or milk that issues from the stalk of the mango after it is cut from the tree (Ka.); ji_d.i (Ka.); jibal.ad.ike, jibbad.ike a young good areca nut cut into two pieces and boiled, whereby it becomes soft and nice (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3423.A region: ce_ti < ce_di_ the region round Bilaspur and Jubbulpur, one of 56 te_cam (Pa_rata. Tiraupati. 42); nat.una_t.u in Tamil country, having Tirukko_valu_r as its capital (Periyapu. Meypporu. 1); ce_ti-na_t.u id. (Ta.); ce_ti the dynasty that rules Che_di (Pa_rata. Kurukula. 104); ce_tipan- the kind of Che_di (Pa_rata. Ira_cacu_ya. 152); the king of Ce_ti-na_t.u (Pura_n.a-ca_ram, 8, Periyapu. Patip.)(Ta.lex.)

3424.Image: to kill; destroy: cer-r-al killing; destruction; cer-uppu killing (W.)(Ta.); cer-r-alar enemies (Tan-ippa_. i,27,49); cer-r-a_r enemies (Kur-al., 446)(Ta.); cer-r-avar id. (Te_va_. 476,3); cer-r-o_r id. (Patir-r-up. 82,12); cer-al killing, destroying (Tol. Col. 72, Ce_n-a_.); cer-u-tal to kill, destroy (Te_va_. 476,3); cer-u-ttal to kill (Kalit. 104)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) kerpini to kill, murder, slay (Tu.); kerpina_ye murderer (Tu.); qerme to destroy, massacre; qermre to die in numbers (Malt.); cer-u (cer-uv-, cer-r--; -pp-, -tt-), cer-i (-pp-, -tt-), cer-r-u (cer-r-i-) to kill, destroy; cer-uppu, cer-al, cer-r-al killing; ceru (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, ruin (Ta.)(DEDR 1981). ket.u (ket.uv-, ket.t.-) to perish, be destroyed; (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, squander; ket.t.a ruined (Ta.); ke_t.u death, adversity, ruin (Ta.); ket.u ruin (Ma.); ke_t.u destruction, damage, loss, hurt (Ma.); ker.- (ket.-) to die, be ruined, be lost; ker.c- to ruin, destroy, lose; ke.r. (obl. ke.t.-) ruin, harm, danger, loss, funeral, corpse (Ko.); kd.c- to destroy (To.); ked.u, kid.u (ket.t.-) to be destroyed, be ruined, be spoiled, become bad, cease (as sorrow, etc.); ked.isu, kid.isu to destroy, ruin, spoil, extinguish; ket.t.a ruined; ket.t.e ruin, evil, misfortune; ked.aka, ked.ika, ked.uka, kid.uka man who destroys, one who is ruined, a bad, wicked, mean man; fem. ked.aki, ked.ike, ked.uki; ked.akatana, ked.akutana, ked.ukutana a corrupt, bad, lewd nature or conduct; ked.aku, ked.uku corruption, ruin, evil; ked.uvike being destroyed, etc.; ked.uha ruin, disappearance; kid.a man who is ruined, etc.; kid.i, kid.uka one who ruins or destroys; ke_d.u ruin, destruction, evil, loss; ke_d.i, ke_d.iga, ke_d.uga one who ruins or is ruined; ke_d.itana, ke_d.igatana state of being a destroyer or being destroyed; ki_d.iki a vile, unchaste woman; ki_t.akatana, ki_t.ale mischief-making (Ka.); kd.- (kt.t.-) to be spoiled, ruined, extinguished; kd.it- (kd.iti-) to spoil, ruin, extinguish; spoil; ked.uku, ked.a, ked.aku damage, loss; ked.ake oppressor; ket.t.a bad, vile; ke_d.u mischief, evil, danger, disaster, loss, perdition; ke_d.age, ke_d.in:ge mischief-maker (Tu.); ced.u to be spoiled, destroyed, become bad, useless, be a loser or sustain a loss; ced.d.a, ced.u bad, wicked, wrong, spoiled, damaged; cet.t.a evil, harm; wicked; ced.ipa an unchaste woman; ced.ugu evil, harm, calamity; ced.d.atanamu badness, vice, enmity, odium; ce_t.u ruin, misfortune, destruction; ked.ayu to die; ked.ayika death; ked.apu to kill; ki_d.u evil, harm, danger; git.t.u to die, perish; cer-ucu, cer-acu, cer-upu, cer-apu to spoil, destroy, ruin, ravish, rape (Te.); kit.- (kit.t-) to be extinguished; kit.ip- (kit.ipt-) to extinguish (Kol.); kit.- to be extinguished; kit.ip- to extinguish; kir.- (kit.t.-) fire to go out; kit.up-/kit.p- to put out fire (Nk.); cit.- (fire) goes out; cit.ip- to put out (fire)(Pa.); sit.- (fire) goes out; sit.p- (sit.t-) to make (fire) go out; cit.t.- to be put out as fire (Go.); he_d.inai to mar; hersinai to destroy, pollute (Kuwi); ket.t.o-kama- to put out (fire)(kama- to do, make)(Nahali)(DEDR 1942). Conquer: je_tr. victorious, triumphant; a victor (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) jiddu perverse opposition, refractoriness; affront; contention; an obstinate resolution (Ka.); jidda spite, hatred (M.H.)(Ka.lex.) cin-avun-ar enemies, adversaries (Perun.. Makata. 14,174); cin-avu-tal to fight, wage a war; cin-am battle, war (Tiva_.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) jayati conquers (RV.); je_ti (Pali); jayai (Pkt.); jayam.ta, jeyam.ta victorious (NiDoc.); 2 sg. imper. jaya (NiDoc.); je particle of respect (G.M.)(CDIAL 5143). jita won, conquered (RV.Pali); jia (Pkt.); ji_n.em to win (OM.); jitta (Pkt.); zyut^u unexpected gain [cf. dyu_ta gambling (Skt.)](Ka.); jitta_ unexpected gain (pp. of jin.an.)(L.); jittn.a_ to conquer (P.); zi_tn.u_, jittan., jittn.a_, jitn.a_ (WPah.); ji_tn.o (Ku.); jitnu (N.); zi_tiba (A.); jita_ (B.); jitiba_ (Or.); ji_tab (Mth.); ji_tai (OAw.); ji_tna_ (H.); ji_tan.u (S.); ji_tvu~ (G.); ji_tn.e~ (M.); ji_pai wins (OG.); zikiba to conquer (A.); ji~kn.e~ (M.); jikta_ (Konkan.i); dina victory (Si.); jin.n.a conquered (Ap.)(CDIAL 5224). jiti gaining, victory (RV.); ziy victory, earnings, profit (K.)(CDIAL 5225). jina_ti overpowers (RV.); conquers (Pali); jin.ai, pp. jin.iya (Pkt.); ze_nun, pp. zyu_n^u to conquer, earn (K.); jin.an., pp. jitta_ (L.); jin.nu_ (WPah.); ziniba (A.); jina_ (B.); jin.iba_ (Or.); jin.iu conquered (OG.); jin.an.em. (OM.); dinanava_, dananu victory (Si.)(CDIAL 5226). Ruin: kher.o loss, waste (Ku.); khero destruction (N.); kher.o end (G.)(CDIAL 3661). ghat.t.ai is ruined (Pkt.); ga_t. to want, wish (Dm.); gha_t. (Kal.); gat.un to become less; got.^u insufficient (K.); ghat.an.u to become less (S.); ghat.ero a little less (S.); ghat.t. few (L.); ghat.t.an. to decrease (L.); ghat.t. diminished; ghat.n.a_ to decrease; ghat.t.^an.a_ to belittle (P.); ghat.n.o to decrease (Ku.); ghat.nu (N.); gha_t.iba to be less, be defeated (A.); gha_t.a_ to be wanting; gha_t.i shortcoming, fault (B.); ghat.al to decrease (Bhoj.); ghat.na_ (H.); ghat.ai decreases; ghat.a_vai belittles (OMarw.); ghat.vu~ to decrease (G.); ghat.n.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 4415). cf. cat.ai to be stunted in growth (as trees, plants) (Ta.) (DEDR 2301). cat.t.u destruction, injury, waste; cat.t.i (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, ruin, kill (Ta.); cat.t.u destruction (Ka.); end, dissolution, death, ruin, extinction (Tu.)(DEDR 2307). s'ata falling out, decaying (of hair, nails etc.)(Sus'r.); sa_d.a rotting (Pkt.); sa_r., sa_r.a_ burning, a burn, heat, anguish, envy; sa_r. burnt thing (L.)(CDIAL 12382). sa_d.e_i makes rot, destroys (Pkt.); sa_r.an.u to make rot (S.); sa_r.an. to burn, cremate, scold; sa_r.un. to burn (L.); sa_r.na_ to rot, burn (P.); hel.anava_ to let fall, throw, throw away (Si.)(CDIAL 12383). cf. s'at. fall off, disintegrate, be destroyed, be depressed, be ill; parn.a-s'ada falling of leaves (AV.); pan.n.a-sat.a heap of fallen leaves (Pali); sar.o putrefaction (G.)(CDIAL 12267). s'at.ati disintegrates, is ill (Dha_tup.); sad.ai falls to pieces, rots, is ill; sad.an.a (Pkt.); sar.an.u to rot (S.); sar.an. to be burnt (L.); sar.un., sar.r.an. to burn, inflame, destroy (L.); sar.na_ to rot, be burnt (P.); s'ar.nu_ to rot; s'ar.a_no~_ to corrupt (WPah.); sar.n.o to rot (B.); sar.iba_ (Or.); saral rotten (Mth.); sar.na_ to rot, ferment (H.); sar.vu~ to rot (G.); sad.n.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 12268). ks.aya loss, waste (Mn.); khaya waste (Pali); khae nom. sg. (KharI.); khaya waste, phthisis (Pkt.); cai danger, risk (Kho.); chei compensation (Sh.); khau destruction, loss, danger (P.); kho destruction (G.); chayak ill; chek illness, pain (Kho.)(CDIAL 3661). To destroy: cati (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, kill; cata_vu (cata_vi-) to be shattered or broken, be rotten, decayed; catai (-v-, -nt-) to be bruised, crushed; (-pp-, -tt-) to crush, bruise, mash; tatai (-v-, -nt-) to be shattered, made fruitless; tatar (-v-, -nt-) to be crushed (Ta.); cata a bruise; catayuka to be bruised, squashed; catekka to squash, crush, pound, bray; catun.n.uka to be crushed, compressed, beaten into another shape; catukkuka to bruise, macerate; catukku a bruise (Ma.); cady a murder; pair word with cudy news (cudy cady); cac- to hammer with heavy blows, pat, stroke, kill (animal); cac a blow (Ko.); to0x- (to0xy-) to be squeezed or smashed flat, (person) gets into difficulties; to0k- to squeeze or smash flat; toc- to beat (To.); sadaku to beat; sade, sadi to pound to some extent, bruise, squash, crush; caccu, ceccu, jajju to strike, bruise, crush; tadaku, taduku, tade to strike, beat (Ka.); cade severe fighting, destruction of life; sadi striking, beating; sadevuni to get hardened, wear away as an earthen vessel; jajjuni to bruise, squash, pound (Tu.); cadiyu to be crushed or broken; cadupu to crush, kill; cadumu to strike; cadunu even, level (Te.); catip- (catit-), cacip- (cacit-) to trample, kick (Pa.)(DEDR 2322). cer-u-tor..il evil deed, reprehensible (Pu. Ve. 8,10, Kol.u.)(Ta.lex.) To slaughter: tat.i (-v-, -nt-) to hew down, cut off, kill; tat.ivu cutting, killing (Ta.); tat.iyuka to tear, cut off (Ma.); tar.ing to cut, cut off, cut down, slaughter (Br.)(DEDR 3029). Quarrel; rage: ceru battle, fight, love-quarrel; cirar-u (cirar-i-) to sulk, disagree; cirar-r-u (cirar-r-i-), cirattu (ciratti-) to be angry with (Ta.); ceru battle (Ma.)(DEDR 1961).

3425.Enraged: keral. to become angry, begin to rage; keral.cu to make a noise by slapping or clapping the arms (as done by combatants); enrage; kel.ar to become angry (Ka.); cira_ku anger, displeasure, crossness; ciramara sullenness, moroseness; a disagreement; keralu to be angry, enraged (Te.)(DEDR 1961). Rancour: cir-ukku (cir-ukki-) to be angry with; cer-u (-v-, -nt-) to hate, dislike, detest, be angry with; cer-r-am love-quarrel; cirar-r-u (cirar-r-i-) to be angry with (Ta.); cirv- (cirt-) id. (Ko.); kir-k violent anger, madness; kir- tot.-. kir-k 0ot.- to become mad with anger (lit. anger strikes him); ker-n gwil.- to murmur in protest (Ko.); ki_r-u to rage, burn with rage or great desire; keral. to become angry, begin to rage; keral.cu to enrage (Ka.); cir-r-a, cir-r-u anger, displeasure; cir-acir-a sullenness, ill-humour; cer-acer-al-a_d.u to be angry or furious; keralu to be angry or enraged (Te.); kireni sullen, surly, out of temper (Kui); kire_ng abuse; kire_ng tining to abuse (Br.); kirk grudge, rancour (Br.)(DEDR 1597). Frown: cit.ucit.uppu knitting the brow in anger, frowning; cit.ucit.u-ttal to knit the brow in anger, scowl, frown (Ira_mana_. Uyut. 16)(Ta.); cit.umu_ci frowning face; one having a frowning face (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Scorn: ki_t.u disregard, scorn (Ka.Tu.)(DEDR 1609). (Tadbhava of ki_t.a) an expression of contempt (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) cf. ki_t.a insect, worm (S'Br.)(CDIAL 3193). Anger; passion: sit.t.u anger, passion, wrath, rage (Ka.); si_sa, cindu (Te.); sit.t.u baru anger etc. to arise; sit.t.u-ga_r-a a passionate man (Ka.); se_d.u anger (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cir.an.u to be huffy (S.); cir.na_ to be provoked (P.); cirko disturbance; curini to be enraged; cir.nu to be annoyed (N.); cir. vexation; cir.a_na to provoke (B.); cir.iba_ to be angry (Or.); cir.na_ to be provoked (H.); cir.a_vu~ (G.); cid.n.e~ (M.); cir.he_llu peevish (WPah.); cir.hna_ to be provoked (H.); cer.an.u, cer.a_in.u to taunt, irritate (S.); cher.an. to provoke (L.); cher.na_ (P.); to touch, irritate (H.); cher.nu to taunt (N.); cher.vu~ to irritate (G.)(CDIAL 4794). set.ikka to be angry, frown, disrelish, be tired (Ma.); cet.ippu loathing (Ma.); ced.i, cod.i anger (Kod..)(DEDR 2757). sen.asu anger, wrath; to be envious or jealous, to be filled with envious feelings; to envy; sen.asa_t.a unwillingness to be excelled (Ka.); cin-am, cir-ukku to be angry; cin-am anger, wrath (Ta.); sen.e to be or become angry (Ka.); san.e to cause to assume an expression of displeasure or anger (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cin-an- tavirnto_n- Buddha as one devoid of anger (Cu_t.a_.)(Ta.); cin-attal to be enraged, to be very angry (Ta.); kinisu (Ka.); cinikka (M.); cin-am anger, fury (Paripa_. 5,73); kinuka (Te.); kinisu (Ka.); cinam (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) Anger: jhin:kan.u to fly out against, threaten (S.); jhim.khan.a raging against (Pkt.); jhanko outburst of anger (N.); jhanakna_ to tinkle, be angry (H.); jhan:ka_ smart, gust of passion (M.)(CDIAL 5331). jhanka_rna_ to tinkle, chirp (H.); jhan:ka_r, jhan:ka_ra_ twang, smart, gust of passion (M.); jhin:ka_ra rebuff (S.)(CDIAL 5332). cf. si_tar- anger, wrath (Ka.); ci~_dar-a disgust, dislike, abhorrence, trouble, vexation, annoyance (Te.)(DEDR 2615). cin-a (-pp-, -nt-) to be enraged, be very angry, become red with inflammation (as tumour); cin-appu anger, fury, inflamed condition; cin-am anger, fury, war; cin-avu (cin-avi-) to be angry, indignant, fight; cin-aval battle; ci-avar, cin-avunar enemies (Ta.); cinam wrath; cinikka to be touchy; cinippu anger; cinippikka to irritate; cinan.n.uka to be touchy (Ma.); sinm anger, grudge (To.); kinisu to be or become angry; n. anger, wrath (Ka.); kiniyu to be angry, displeased or irritated; kinuka, kinka anger, displeasure, wrath, rage; kinupu anger (Te.)(DEDR 1600). Whining: jenephene, genephene whining of a child (Santali.lex.) cin.un:ku (cin.un:ki-) to whine, whimper; cin.ukkam whining, whimpering; cin.ukkan- worthless person, as always whining; cin.ukku-ccin.ukk-en-al onom. expr. of worrying with frequent crying (Ta.); cinan.n.uka to be touchy, to repine, whine, whimper; cinakkuka to mutter, neigh (Ma.); jinugu to mutter, murmur, hum (Ka.)(DEDR 2521). Envy; deliberation: ke_n.a, ki_n.a envy, grudge; greediness after; anger, passion; deliberation, consideration, restraint (Ka.); ke_n.agol. to become envious etc. ke_n.ambad.e, ke_n.asara envy, stubbornness (Ka.); ke_n.aka_r-a a grudger (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Crooked; deceit: kuhana envious, hypocritical; kuhana_ envy; kuhanika_ jugglery (Skt.); kuhana_ deceit (Pali); koh^ana crooked, awry, crooked-natured (K.); kohon cheat, cheating (Si.); kuh deceive (Skt.)(CDIAL 3387). kuha cheat, in: akuha no cheat (R.); kuhaka cheat, juggler (MBh.); kuha, kuhaka deceitful (Pali); kuhaya conjuring; kuhad.a crooked, humpbacked (Pkt.); kohr.o, koyr. puzzle, riddle (G.); kuhd.e~, kohd.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 3385). Shake; tremble; grating of teeth; anger: kit. fear (Skt.); kit.akit.a_yate_ grates the teeth (Sus'r.); kid.ikid.ia_ grating of teeth, sound of dry bones (Pkt.); kiri_r.n.a_, kirar.n.a_ to grind the teeth; kir.kir.a_un.a_, kir.kar.a_un.a_ to speak angrily (P.); kirik-kirik, kirin.-kirin. grating noise (as of teeth)(N.); kir.kir., kirkir, kir.mir. (B.); kir.ikir.i (Or.)(CDIAL 3154). ke_t.ati is afraid (Dha_tup.); kit.a_iba to be alarmed, take up arms for defence (A.)(CDIAL 3158). kit.ukit.u quaking, trembling (Ta.); kit.ukit.en-al expr. signifying (a) tremor (Kur-r-a_. Kur-a. 80); (b) rapidity, quickness (Ta.); kit.ukit.a_ytal to tremble with fear; kit.ukit.uttal to tremble, shake; to chatter, as the teeth with cold; to shiver, quake (Ta.); kit.ukit.u id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) Anger; envy; rancour: cer-u anger (Tirikat.u. 14); cer-al anger, open hatred (Pur-ana_. 15,8); cer-umpu rancour, hatred (Ci_vaka. 947)(Ta.); kar-umbu id. (Ka.); cer-u-tal to hate, dislike, detest (Kur-al.. 1245); to be angry with (Na_lat.i, 134)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) cer-r-am rancour, hatred (Tirumuru. 132); aversion (Tirunu_r-. 20); irrepressible anger (Pin..); cer-u-ttal to be angry at (Paripa_. 12,66); to detest (Tiva_.) (Ta.) (Ta.lex.) keral., keral.u to become angry, to begin, to rage (Ka.); kempu (Ta.); keralu (Te.); cerecere hotly, fiercely (Te.); cer-ukku to be angry (Ta.); keral.icu, keral.cu to enrage (Ka.); keral.cu to make a noise by slapping or clapping of arms, as done by combatants; to enrage (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) kar-u (-pp-, -tt-) to resent, get angry with; n. rancour, vengeful enmity; kar-ukar-u (-pp-, -tt-) to rage; kar-utto_r enemies; kar-uppu anger, displeasure; kar-umu (kar-umi-) to show signs of anger, be enraged; kar-uvam anger; kar-uval sign of anger; kar-uvu (kar-uvi-) to exhibit signs of displeasure; to rankle, entertain malice, implacable hatred; n. anger, wrath; enmity, hostility, hatred (Ta.); kar-ukka to rage; kar-ukar-ukka id., be beside oneself; kar-ukar-e_ fiercely, intensely; kar-avu rage (Ma.); kar- enmity, anger (To.); kar-upu, kar-uhu envy; kar-ubu, kar-umbu to envy; n. envy; kar-uba an envious man; fem. kar-ubi; kar-ubatana the state of being an envious person, envy (Ka.); kar.vita_na_, kar.wita_na_ to envy (Go.); ka_r.bi anger; kar.bigattasi a bad-tempered man (r. = r)(Kuwi); xar angry (Br.)(DEDR 1396). jharko anger; jharkanu to be irritable (N.)(CDIAL 5327). ris. injure (Skt.); injury (RV.); reh burning heat (K.); ris anger (Ku.N.); jealousy (B.); risa anger, envy (Or.); ris anger (H.); ri_s. (G.M.)(CDIAL 10746). i_rs.ya envy (AV.); issa_ jealousy, anger (Pali.); isa_ envy (As'.Pkt.); isa (Si.); hirs greed (L.P.)(CDIAL 1615). i_r-al grief (as of a broken heart), deep-seated sorrow (Ta.); i_r-a, i_r-u anger, fury (Ma.); i_r-uka, i_r-ekka to be angry; i_r-ikka to rage, be in a huff; i_r-ippikka to provoke; i_r-r-am displeasure (Ma.)(DEDR 553). ci_r-u (ci_r-i-) to hiss as a serpent, snort as a horse, sniff, be infuriated, swell with rage, roar and blaze forth as a flame, get angry with; n. anger; ci_r-r-am anger, fury; ci_r-u-ci_r--en-al onom. expr. signifying violent anger; ci_ntu (ci_nti-) to be angry with, hiss (as a serpent)(Ta.); ci_r-uka to hiss, puff as a snake, foam, rage; ci_r-ikka to make to hiss, enrage; ci_r-r-am rage; ci_r-r-u a hiss, puffing; ci_r-r-uka to hiss, rage (Ma.); si_r-u to grow enraged, become angry, be very contentious or quarrelsome; n. raging, fierceness; si_varisu, si_var-isu to hiss, puff, pass the proper temper, show disgust or disdain; se_r-u to rail at, treat with derision; sit.t.u anger, rage (Ka.); ci.r- (ci.ri-) to grumble, answer back grumblingly (Kod..); si_runi to hiss; s'it.t.u anger, displeasure (Tu.); ci_ru to hiss like a serpent (Te.); hic- (hicc-) to threaten (Pe.)(DEDR 2639). ris.yati, aor. aris.at, re_s.ayati hurts (RV.); ulus.ik to be torn, be torn in pieces (Kho.); ales.ik to tear, cut open (Kho.)(CDIAL 2062). isa_l. emulation; isa_l.a_, visa_l., visa_l.a_ id. (M.); i_rs.ya_lu envious (Skt.); i_sa_lu (Pkt.); isa_l.u (Or.); isa_l.u_ emulous (M.)(CDIAL 1616). Conceit: kir-ukku craziness, lunacy, passion, conceit, arrogance (Ta.); kir-ukkan- conceited, arrogant fellow; crazy fellow, lunatic; kirucal obstinacy (Ta.); kir-ukka to be insolent; kir-utu, kir-uvu insolence; kir-ukkan lunatic; ker-uvu pride; ker-ukka to be proud, opposed, defy (Ma.); kird act of disobedience, doing opposite of what one is told to do (Ko.); kir-k violent anger (To.); keccu pride (Ka.)(DEDR 1596). krw- (Sogd.); karvati, kharvati, garvati is haughty (Dha_tup.)(CDIAL 3833). garva pride, arrogance (R.); gabba (Pali); gavva (Pkt.); ga_va (Ap.); ga_b boast (B.); ga_ba_na to vaunt (B.)(CDIAL 4064). garvara haughty (Skt.); gavvira (Pkt.); gabbar proud, rich (P.); gabbar (H.)(CDIAL 4065). karuvam haughtiness, arrogance, pride (Ta.lex.) kauravam < gaurava dignity, eminence, honour; pride (Cilappira. Potu. 30)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

3426.Tax: so_dige payment: tax (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3427.Remission of debt: so_d.i, jo_d.i remission of a debt etc.; the sum remitted, abatement (Ka.); sot.a (M.); so_d.i release from bondage, freedom granted (Ka.); sot.a (M.)(Ka.lex.)

3428.Short span: jut.t.i, jutte = pra_de_s'a (Te.); occut.u a span measured by the distance between the extended thumb and forefinger; pra_de_s'a (Ka.); cut.u, co_t.u the small span of the thumb and forefinger (Ka.); cot.t.acca_n. (Ma.); co_t.agala a span's breadth; co_t.udda a span's length or height (Ka.lex.) cf. sut.t.u to point at with the finger (Ka.); cun.t.an viral forefinger (Ma.)(DEDR 2658).

3429.Property given at marriage: yautaka property given at marriage, a woman's dowry, a nuptial gift, presents made to a bride at her marriage by her father and friends, also to the bridegroom (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) joila ja_nu to take a wife and maitain oneself at her expense (N.)(CDIAL 10505). yuvati young woman (RV.); juvai, juai (Pkt.); juvel, juvli, zuvli, zuli woman, girl; ju_ar, ju_ri woman (Gypsy); joi woman, female (e.g. joi s'uno bitch)(D..); jo_i_, zu_i_ woman (Wot..); joi wife; joyo effeminate (S.); jo, joi_, joe (L.); jo_, jolli_ (WPah.); joi_, jwe woman, wfe (Ku.); joi wife (N.); jo_i (Bhoj.); joi_ (H.)(CDIAL 10504). joru_ wife (P.WPah.); jaru (B.); joru (Or.); joru_ (H.)(CDIAL 10506). yuvan young; gen. sg. yu_nah- (RV.); junak child; adj. young, little (Gypsy)(CDIAL 10508). yuva_naka young (Skt.); yuva_nam acc. of yuvan (RV.); yuva_na youg (Pali); juva_n.a, jua_n.a young man; juva_n.i_ f. (Pkt.); jua_n.u, jua_n.i_ a yough (S.); jua_nu (S.) < java_n (Pers.); java_n., jua_n.i, jua_n.i_ (P.); juwa_n, jwa_n (N.); zowa_n (A.); juya_n young, strong (B.); jua_n.a young, a youth (Or. < jua_n (Pers.); jua_ni_ youth, manhood (Mth. < jama_n young man (Pers.); juwa_n a youth (H.); yuvan young, best; yona young owman (Si.)(CDIAL 10510). cf. celuva a beautiful woman, a woman (Te.)(DEDR 2786). Bestowing wealth: s'ri_da bestowing wealth: Kube_ra; s'ri_da_na giving a female in marriage (Ka.); stri_-dhana a woman's peculiar property, property belonging to a woman over which has independent control (Ka.Skt.) (Ka.lex.)

3430.Consecrated money: yekke_ri gan.t.u consecrated money (Tu.lex.) ? yekta_r communion, power (Kon.lex.) yekkandelu, yakkandelu being beyond reach; that which cannot be reached; want, insufficiency [< ekku to reach] (Tu.lex.) ye_vura greed, excessive desire (Tu.lex.)

3431.Image: fish: yekku balya_ru a kind of fish (Tu.lex.)

3432.Companion: sa_ni a second: a companion: a fellow, an associate, a colleague (in an office)(Ka.Te.H.); e.g. doresa_ni; sa_niguma_sta a fellow guma_sta (Ka.lex.)

3433.Image: overflow: Ösyand move quickly (Skt.); syandana flowing (Nir.); water (Skt.); sam.dan.a flow, water (Pkt.); sadan-a water (Si.)(CDIAL 13870). sam.syandayati causes to run together (A_pS'r.); sam.sande_ti joins, affixes (Pali); sasanda to put together (Si.)(CDIAL 13061). syandate_ moves quickly, flows (RV.); trickles, drips, oozes (MBh.); sandati flows (Pali); sam.dai (Pkt.); sadna_ to leak (as a ship), sink (H.)(CDIAL 13869). vis.yandate_ flows out (VS.); vis.yandayati pours out (S'Br.); vissandati overflows (Pali); vissam.dai flows out (Pkt.)(CDIAL 11993). sadil. loose, e.g. hairs, shoes; sadil.a_i, sadil.ye looseness, e.g. of clothes; sadil. za_un umkal. to flow (Kon.lex.)

3435.Exudation: cina, cuna juice as of mango stalk after the fruit is broken off (Ma.); sona juice that exudes from plants (Te.); cunekka to ooze out, be acrid (Ma.); tun., tune, sune gummy juice exuding from the stalk etc. of certain fruits (Tu.)(DEDR 2717). cf. ken mo, moe xen, ee xen thick buttermilk, thick mass of buttermilk (To.); kene cream of milk (Ka.)(DEDR 1987). cf. ken densely (of shade)(To.); kan-a to be heavy; kan-am thickness (Ta.)(DEDR 1404). cyo_tati flows, tickles, oozes, causes to stream forth (Skt.); covan. to milk (L.); con.a_ to leak, milk, extract milk from a plant (P.); cuai drips (Pkt.); culav (Gypsy); cuan.u to leak, ooze (S.); cu_n.o to leak (Ku.); cuhunu (N.); cuya_, cu~ya_ (B.); cuiba_, cui~ba_ to drip, ooze, leak (Or.); cual (Bhoj.); cuval (OAw.); cu_na_ to drip, leak, drop (as ripe fruit)(H.); cuvu~ to drop, leak (G.)(CDIAL 4948). cona_ urine (esp. of cattle)(B.); cona_ exit for juice in sugar mill (Bi.)(CDIAL 4949). cf. sen land irrigated by percolation from underneath (L.)(CDIAL 13582). cf. jir gum, any adhesive (Ko.); jerre_ gum, resin (Kur.)(DEDR 2556). cure birdlime, gum (Malt.); curra_ vegetal sugar, sweet juice which drops from mango flowers or from the new leaves of sa_l tree (Kur.)(DEDR 2711). cf. ceruku sugarcane (Ka.)(DEDR 2795). cf. cut.t.i-c-cun.n.am perfume (Ta.lex.) cf. cu_rn.am powder (Skt.lex.) To exude: sandati, (sedo) muccati v.i., sandita pp.; muttaseda exude (Pali.lex.) seda sweat; sedan. moceti; sedo muccati to sweat; mocitaseda, muttaseda pp.; sedatinta sweaty; sedakilinnatta sweatiness (Pali.lex.) cf. sa_dik smearing (Tu.); ca~_du to rub into a paste; ca_tu-pad.i sandal paste (Te.); candana sandal (tree, wood, paste)(Skt.); candanamu (Te.); todon.m (To.); sa_tana a kind of sandal (Skt.)(DEDR 2448). Image: menstrual discharge: ca_n.t.u menstrual discharge (Ta.); semen (Ma.); sa~_d.u id. (Te.); sa_n.d.(u) the fluid ejection from the female or the male genital organ (Kond.a)(DEDR 2447). Fragrance: cente_n- a kind of frankincense, one of six tu_pa varkkam (Ci_vaka. 534, Urai.); te_n- fragrance, odour (Cu_l.a_. Kumara. 17); sweet juice (Kampara_. Na_t.. 9)(Ta.lex.) je_n, je_, je_nu, te_nu honey; je_n-ney honey-ghee, i.e. honey; te_n (Ta.Ma.); junnu, te_ne (Te.); te_n, te_m honey; sweetness; smell; palm juice (Ta.); te_r-al palm-tree juice, nectar (Ma.); te_r-al palm wine; sweetness = tittippu (Ta.); ta_vi fragrance (Te.); jennon.a a bee (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: to fall in drops: cin.ukku to yield in small quantities, issue in drops, ooze, drizzle (Ta.); cin.ukku-cin.ukk-en-al onom. expr. of issuing in drops; cin.un:ku to drizzle (Ta.); jinugu, jinun:gu to rain slightly, drizzle (Ka.); cinan.n.uka id. (Ma.); jinigisu to liquefy (Ka.); cinuku a drop, a thin or drizzling rain; vb. to fall in drops (Te.); cinkip to drip (Pa.); sinkul raindrops (Ga.)(DEDR 2520). s'i_yate_ falls (AV.); s'ijoiki, 3 sg. s'i_jei to fall, (flowers, leaves, etc.), to be shed (Sh.); s'ioiki to let fall (Sh.); s'i~_n.u, pp. s'i_o to fall (of snow)((WPah.); senava_, henava_ to fall; sena falling (Si.); si_na fallen off, destroyed (Pali); sinu corpse (N.); s'i_n. exhaustion (M.); hun.u fallen (Si.)(CDIAL 12494). Rotten: s'i_rn.a broken (S'Br.); fallen out (MBh.); withered, rotten (Mn.); sin.n.a decayed (Pkt.); si_na fallen off, destroyed (Pali)(CDIAL 12496). canxna_ to turn stale (of cooked things, meat or vegetables), turn mouldy (as bread)(Kur.); cange to be or become rotten (of cooked food); cangro rotten (Malt.)(DEDR 2424).

3436.Irrigation by percolation: sen land irrigated by percolation from underneath (L.)(CDIAL 13582). seba_ moisture by percolation, cultivation in ground so watered (L.); sebba_, seba_ irrigation by percolation (P.)(CDIAL 13584). Land irrigated by water-lift: seo land irrigated directly by water-lift; si_u_ inundation from canal or river; se_ wet (L.)(CDIAL 13580). Baling out; sprinkling: se_cana effusion, sprinkling (Sus'r.); bucket (Skt.); se_canaka shower-bath (S_rn:gS.); se_canaka adj. sprinkling (Pali); se_an.a sprinkling (Pkt.); se_an.aya one who waters (Pkt.); siuni bucket for throwing water (B.); sen.a_ bamboo basket for raising water (Or.); sevana water bucket (Si.)(CDIAL 13582). Jug, jar: syo_ jug, jar (Kt.); s'u_ bucket (Pr.); se_ka pouring out (RV.); sprinkling (MBh.Pali); se_a id. (Pkt.)(CDIAL 13580). Baling vessel: se_cayati causes to pour out, sprinkles (MBh.); se_ce_ti causes to be sprinkled (Pali); se_ai sprinkles (Pkt.); se_am.ta pres. part. (Pkt.); xeo~t, xeo~ta_ scoop, baling vessel (A.); se~uti baling basket (B.); sevan. to moisten; seun. (L.); seun.a_ (P.)(CDIAL 13583). Falling down: cyuti falling down (Gaut.); cuti vanishing, passing away (Pali); cui death (Pkt.); siyu decease (Si.)(CDIAL 4945). cya_vana in cmpds. 'causing to fall (MBh.); expulsion (Skt.); cyu move (Skt.); ca_vana_ moving away (Pali); cauna_ the place where men emptying buckets at an irrigation well stand (H.)(CDIAL 4940). Cultivation: cf. se_dya cultivation, farming (Ka.); se_dyamu id. (Te.)(DEDR 2811). se_vita cultivated (Skt.); se_vayati tends (plants)(Skt.); se_vita served (MBh.Pali); fostered (Skt.); se_via served (Pkt.); sivⁱ tame, domesticated (K.)(CDIAL 13597). cf. se_de fatigue, weariness, distress (Ka.); se_da, s'a_da fatigue, weariness (Te.); seda- sweat (Pali)(DEDR 2810). Plot of ground: ce_ttu field, plot of ground (Ta.); cf. khetta (Pkt.); ks.e_tra (Skt.); ce_takam < s'a_da mud, slush (Kampara_. Varaik-ka_t.ci. 56); ce_r-u mud, mire, sluch, loam (Pur-ana_. 249); id. (Ma.); kesar-u id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Ground, earth: xe_x^el ground, earth we tread on, soil, floor (Kur.); qqlu the earth, the world, land (Malt.)(DEDR 1993). kai-val.am fertility, luxuriance, richness of soil; kai-val.arttal to be carefully tended (Kampara_. Ko_lan.. 18); kai-va_y-k-ka_l small channel branching out from the main one (Tol. Po. 1, Il.ampu_ra.) (Ta.lex.) kaiva_ram equal division of crop; kai-vitai cultivation without the process of transplantation; kaivitaippu sowing in dry earth (Ta.lex.) [cf. nan-ai to become wet (Ta.); nan--cey wet lands, wet cultivation (Ta.); nanja wet land, land cultivated by artificial irrigation (Te.); nenja watering (Kui); nan-ye cold season (?Malt.)(DEDR 3630)]. Wet, moist: se~ta_, se~t-se~tiya_, se~ta_niya_ damp, moist (B.); se~ta_na moistened; sa~_ta_na to be wet (B.); santia_ wet; santa_iba_, santeiba_ to be wet (Or.)(CDIAL 12891). sindo wet (Phal.); stimita wet (Nais..)(CDIAL 13693). sti_myati is wet (Dha_tup.); thim drop (L.); them, the~b (M.)(CDIAL 13696). cf. te_ma wet (Te.lex.) Irrigation: cu_a_ irrigation (L.)(CDIAL 4946). cyo_ta oozing, sprinkling (Skt.); coi_ weir (for catching fish)(S.); co_ha_ spring; cohr.a_ giving little water (L.); co_a_ spring water (L.); co rivulet; coa_ trickle down a rock, water oozing from a hole (P.); coi_ small stream, defile; co spring (P.); coya_ a sprinkling or spilling (of water, etc.)(B.)(CDIAL 4947). coi_ produce of dairy (S.)(CDIAL 4950). d.on.e a small natural pond in rocks; a hollow, a hole; d.on.egan.n.u a sunken eye; d.on.e po_gu to get holes (Ka.lex.) cf. dro_n.i the valley or chasm between two mountains; an oval vessel of wood (Skt.lex.) Image: pit for the cogwheel of a waterwheel: cui_ pit in which cogwheel of a waterwheel works (S.)(CDIAL 4945). cf. turavu sultan-well, large well for irrigation purposes (S.I.I. ii,509); id. (Ma.); doruvu id. (Te.); turavu well made by excavating sand, unwalled well (Ta.lex.) Well; reservoir: curi_ small well or reservoir near a well (Skt.); cura_ small hollow (L.); cur hole in the ground for fire (P.); curi small well (B.); curi_ (H.); cara, cari_ ditch; caro cavity, pit (S.); carhu_ hole in ground for fire (P.); car trench, trench for fire (G.); car moat; cari_ trench (M.); ca_ri_ long trench for fire (G.); car sandbank (H.)(CDIAL 4873). cu_ hole (Wg.); su_ra (Av.); su_ra_x (Pers.); su_rai (Psht.); s'vabhra (Skt.)(CDIAL 12570). Well; reservoir: cun.t.i_, cun.t.ika_ small well (Sus'r.); cun.t.a_, cun.d.hi_, cun.d.ya, cu_d.a_, cu_d.aka, cu_taka small well (Skt.)(CDIAL 4873). To ooze; mountain spring; rock water; weir: cin-aiya_r-u pat.ukai oozing of water in a river-bed indicative of the coming freshet (I_t.u, 1,6,2, s'ri_.)(Ta.lex.) cun-ai mountain pool or spring, tank, reservoir, pasture ground with tanks and shady trees; cun-aivu rock water (Ta.); sonp swampy place where water stands (To.); d.on.e, don.e a small natural pond in rocks, a hollow, a hole (Ka.); dona a pool on a hill (Te.); cun.d.hi small pond (Skt.); cun.d.hi_ natural pool (Pkt.); son.d.i_ a natural tank in a rock (Pali); cun.t.i well (Skt.)(DEDR 2716). ucnik spring (Shum.); uhani a place with many springs (A.); uncar.ek spring (Pas'.); utsadhi receptacle of a spring (RV.)(CDIAL 1872). cf. tsa spring of water (RV.); utsya, utsi_ya coming from a spring (of water) (AV.); u_c spring (Wg.); unco (Kt.); u_c (Dm.Phal.Bshk.); u~_c, wu~_c (Gaw.); uc (Kal.Kho.Pas'.); u_ic (Pas'.); u~c (Sh.); uh (A.); ucha (Or.)(CDIAL 1869). u_e~r, u_;in. dam, dyke (Wg.)(CDIAL 1926). utsicati causes to flow over (RV.); ussicati bales out (Pali); ussim.cai irrigates, empties (Pkt.); usuncn.u_ to throw out water from a pool (WPah.); usewna_ to pour off (H.)(CDIAL 1883). Irrigated field; field for shifting cultivation: kay, key, key(y)i field (Ka.); kaitai paddy field (Ta.); cey field, esp. wet field (Ta.); ceyi rice-field (Ma.); kette wet mud, mire (Kod..); ce_nu (pl. ce_lu) field; (inscr.) kayya a rice-field (Te.); kaili field (Te.); ke_n id. (Kol.); field for shifting cultivation (Pa.); ken. id. (Kol.)[cf. ken a kind of pulse, cajanus indicus (Kond.a.Pe.); ka_'anga_ (Kui); kha_na raher (dhal)(Kuwi)(DEDR 1934)]; xajj earth, mould, clay, mud, corpse (Kur.); qaju earth, mud (Malt.)(DEDR 1958). nan--cey wet lands, wet cultivation (Ta.); nan-ai to become wet, be moistened, soaked (Ta.); nanja wet land, land cultivated by artificial cultivation (Te.); nenja watering (Kui)(DEDR 3630).

3437.Part of the whole: cin-aippeyar noun denoting part of the whole as kan. (eye)(Nan-. 132); name formed from noun denoting part of the whole as kan.n.an- (Nan-. 281); cin-ai member, component part (Tiva_.); cin-aiya_kupeyar (Gram.) synecdoche in which part is put for the whole (Nan-. 290, Urai.); cin-ai < jena (Te.) embryo or foetus of animals (Paripa_. 7,38); branch of a tree (Pur-ana_. 11,4); cin-ai-vin-ai (Gram.) verb relating to part of the whole, dist. fr. mutal-vin-ai (Pur-ana_. 9, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) cen-u < janus birth place (Pa_rata. Patin-o. 37)(Ta.lex.)

3438.Daily expenditure: cen-n-at.ai (cel + nat.ai) daily expenditure in temple service (TAS. II, 1,23)(Ta.lex.)

3439.Image: a bird: cen-n-am an aquatic bird (Kampara_. U_rte_. 151)(Ta.lex.)

3440.Eminence: cen-n-i Chola king (CIlap. 7,2, Pak. 205); eminence (Kantapu. Ka_mata. 28); cen-n-i head (Kalit. 81); id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.)

3441.Hempen cloth: ca_n.am article made of fibres (Nan-.266, Mayilai); ca_n.ai, ca_n.ai-c-ci_lai swaddling clothes; ca_n.a-p-pil.l.ai infant in swaddling clothes; ca_n.ai-k-ku_r-ai new clothes given by bridegroom's parents to the infant bride at the time of betrothal in marriage; can.am, can.al sunn-hemp, crotalaria juncea; can.ampu id.: can.ampo_t.u parutti (Ka_cika.Piramaca.14); can.appai, can.appu id., Indian hemp; can.al-valai a hemp net to catch big fishes; can.appana_r, canar-pana_r fibres of flax (Ta.); janapana_ra id. (Te.); can.ar-puri flax cord, hempen rope; can.appan- member of a Telugu caste whose profession was flax dressing (Ta.lex.) son kudrum crotolaria juncea; kudrum the name given to several fibre-yielding plants (Santali.lex.) sa_n.a hemp; sa_n.amaya hempen; sa_n.ipasibbaka hempen sack (Pali.lex.) Crotolaria juncea: sana (Skt.); sunn (H.); shonpat (B.); ghore sun (B.); santag (M.); sannappu (Ta.); janumu (Te.); wuckoo nar (Ma.); seeds: used to purify blood, in impetigo, psoriasis, emmenagogue; cultivated throughout India (GIMP, p.81). Crotalaria mucronata: sen, san (H.); jhunjhunia (Assam); seeds: sometimes used as substitute for coffee; leaves contain an alkali; habitat: throughout India (GIMP, p.81). cf. masi_n, masi_na_ a vetch, pulse (H.); masi_na_ linseed, linum usitatissimum (Skt.)(CDIAL 9923). s'a_n.a hempen, flaxen (S'r.); s'a_n.i_ hempen cloth (MBh.); sa_n.a hempen (Pali.Pkt.); sa_n.i_ hempen cloth (Pkt.); hempen cloth, screen (Pali); seni curtain (Si.)(CDIAL 12384). s'an.a hemp (AV.Pali.Or.); s.am.n.a (NiDoc.); san.a, sin.a (Pkt.); sin.i_ (S.); sin.i~_ (L.); san. (P.Ku.G.M.); san (N.B.Bi.Mth.H.); xan (A.); chan.a hemp flax (Or.); son (Mth.); sani_ fine hemp (H.); sana, han.a (Si.); chan.i hempen (Or.); san.iyu~ hempen cloth (G.)(CDIAL 12272). sana_t.hi_, sanait.ha_ stalk of hemp (Bi.); sansana_t.hi_ (Mth.)(CDIAL 12273). s'an.asu_tra hempen cord (Gr.S'r.); han.ahu~ hempen string or thread, cord (Si.)(CDIAL 12275). s'an.ika_ crotalaria of various species (Skt.); xani, xeni inner stalk of rice straw (A.)(CDIAL 12276). kin:kin.i, kin:kin.i crotalaria pulcherrima; rattlewort, girdle of small bells (Ta.); gin.igin.ike the plant crotalaria and its various species of which the seeds rattle (Ka.))(DEDR 1545). kin:kin.i_ small bell (MBh.); kin:kan.ika (Pali); ki~kini_ girdle of small bells (H.); kikini id. (Si.)(CDIAL 3152). kin:gari_ indented figure traced on the border of a garment (P.)(CDIAL 3151). ci_n-i false hemp tree, tetrameles nudiflora (Ta.); ci_ni id. (Ma.)(DEDR 2641). Nettle: jhu_n.i_ nettle (Phal.); jot string of nettle fibre (N.)(CDIAL 10519). yu_na band, cord (Ka_tyS'r.); ju_n.a a kind of reed (Or.); ju_na_, junna_ grass-rope (Bi.); junna_ (Mth.); ju_na_ (H.); juinu rope for binding sheaves (N.); juina_ grass-rope (OH.)(CDIAL 10518). cf. ka_con-r-i climbing nettle, tragia involucrata (Ta.)(DEDR 1435). Sack; covered with a woollen rug: go_n.a-sam.thata covered with a woollen rug (Pali); go_n.aka woollen rug with a long fleece (Pali); goni sack (NiDoc.); go_ni bag, purse; gono sack (Gy.); go~_ carpet (Ash.); groi~, gre~_ (Wg.); gu_ni (Dm.); Saddlebag: go_ni_ saddlebag (Pas'.); guna pair of large saddlebags usually of goat's hair for carrying grain (K.); gun.i_ coarse sackcloth (S.); gu~_n.i~_ sack (L.); gu_n. hair cloth, hempen sacking (P.); gu_n.i_ sack (P.); gun sacking (B.); gon.i_ sackcloth (Or.Ma.); sack, corn measure, ragged garment (Or.); gon grain sack (Bi.); sack (H.); gu_n.ⁱ sacking, sack (G.); gon. sack (M.); gon.a large grain sack (Ma.)(CDIAL 4275). ko_n.i, ko_n.ikai, ko_n.iyal sacks made of jute fibre, gunny bag (Ta.); ko_n.i gunny bag (Ma.); gon.y in tingon.y bag in which old coins are put for use at funerals (To.); go_n.i sack (Ka.); gunny bag (Tu.); coarse sackcloth (Te.); go_niya, go_ne sack, gunny bag (Te.)(DEDR App.33). Mail armour: koja mail armour = kavaca; kojava a rug or cover with long hair, a fleecy counterpane (pa_va_ra-kojava); gon.aka is explained as: di_gha-lomaka maha_kojava (Pali.lex.)

3442.Images: leaf; tender shoot; shoot of betel vines: kan.n.i sprout, shoot, tender leaf (Ta.); shoot of betel vines, palm leaves (Ma.)(DEDR 1185). kail sprout, shoot (H.); kari_ra shoot of bamboo (Sus'r.); karir tender shoot of bamboo (B.); kal.i_ra top of coconut palm eaten as a vegetable (Pali); karira, karir.a, karar.i, kard.i_ bamboo shoot (Or.); kari_l, karil, kair, kalla_ bamboo shoot (H.)(CDIAL 2804). kari_ram sprout, shoot; shoot of the bamboo (Tailava. Taila. 35)(Ta.lex.) cf. katir ear of grain, spear of grass (Ta.); ear, spike of corn (Ma.)(DEDR 1194).

3443.Image: ear of corn: s'en (pl. s'enkul) head of jowar (Nk.); cennu, sen ear of corn or paddy (Ga.); sen:k corn (pl.)(Go.); san head of jowar (Go.); hennu ear of wheat or jowari (Go.); e_n-al ear of corn (Ta.); ennu, vennu id. (Te.); enn(i) head of grain (Go.); en ear of corn (Go.); ser-en (pl. ser-eku) ear of corn (Kond.a); canu pod (Malt.)(DEDR 2798). Head of paddy: han head of paddy (Go.); hessu cannu head of rice (Kur.); s'en head of paddy (Go.); cen head of paddy (Kol.Pe.)(DEDR 2798). cinekka to branch out, rice to sprout (Ma.)(DEDR 2592). Millet: c.i_n. millet harvest; a kind of millet (Sh.); cena_ panicum miliaceum (H.); ci_na panicum miliaceum (Skt.); ci_naka id. (Skt.); a kind of bean (Pali); ci_n.aka a partic. grain (Skt.); ci_na_ka fennel (Skt.); cinna, cinnaka panicum miliaceum (BHSk.); ci_n.o the millet panicum italicum (S.); ci_n.a~_ p. miliaceum (L.); ci_n.a_ (P.); cin.a_ (Ku.); ci_na_ (B.H.); panicum frumentosum (P.); ci_nh, cinna_ id. (P.); ci_n p. italicum, panicum frumentosum (Mth.); a kind of grain (Bhoj.); cinei a kind of minute grain (WPah.); cina_ millet (Or.); cin panicum miliaceum (P.); cin. a grain like wheat but bigger (Kho.)(CDIAL 4842). tin-ai Italian millet, setaria italica; wild Bermuda grass, panicum burmanni; little millet (= ca_mai); paddy-field grass, p. fluitans (Ta.); tina p.italicum (Ma.); ten ear (of any grain) (Ko.); tene a spike, ear of corn; tene-gid.a Italian millet, p.italicum [s.italica = p.italicum](Ka.)(DEDR 3265). cin-ai bud, branch out on all sides; n. embryo, foetus, flower bud, branch of a tree (Ta.); canaccam smaller branch of a tree or antler; cina branching out as an ear of corn; jane yoke of an egg (Ka.); jena id. (Te.)(DEDR 2592). Rice: jengene, jingini a long-grained variety of rice, the earliest among the kinds sown in caor.a fields (Mu.); jengne (Sadani)(Mu.lex.) Maize: jond.ra, jonra maize or Indian corn; gur.u'u jonra id. which ripens with panicum miliare; gor.a jonra which ripens with rice of the high fields; locon jonra which ripens with the rice of the low fields; jond.ra-coka, jonra-coka the sheathing leaf of the fruiting spike of maize; koca id. (Mu.); jawa_ra_ maize (H.)(Mu.lex.)

3444.Image: back: jen back (Pe.); je_nu, je~_o (loc. je_co) id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 2825). cf. cer-na_ to raise a burden to one's shoulders (Kur.); ced.e to convey, carry (Malt.)(DEDR 2762).

3445.Acquaintance: can-u favourite, acquaintane (Kumare_ca. Cata. 60)(Ta.); tcanuvu (Te.)(Ta.lex.)

3446.Silver box containing a charm: cajjai silver box containing the S'iva lin:ga, suspended from the neck by Lin:ga_yats (Ta.); sejje (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ?seza_ri neighbour, i.e. living close (Kon.lex.)

3447.Image: pregnancy: cana pregnancy; canekka animals to conceive (Ma.); jane yoke of egg (Ka.); cin-ai embryo, foetus, pregnancy (Paripa_. 7,38); spawn, eggs, member, component part (Ta.lex.); branch of a tree (Pur-ana_. 11,4); tane, tene embryo of beasts, pregnancy (Ka.); tan, san conceiving, breeding as cattle, sheep, etc. (Tu.); taneyuni cattle or animals to be big with young (Tu.); jena yolk of an egg (Te.)(DEDR 2592). cin-ai (-pp-, -tt-) to form, rise, come into being (Kur-al., 1203); be impregnated (Ta.lex.) janyate_ is born (Pa_n..); jan to be born, bears (Gypsy); dn having been born (OSi.)(CDIAL 5117). ja_ne_ti begets (Pali); jan- to bear (Kho.)(CDIAL 5192). Person: jana race, person (RV.); person, people (Pali); jan.a (KharI.); jan.a person (Pkt.); jeno person (also used as numerative) (Gypsy); jan.a_ person, husband (S.); jana_ use in plural as numerartive: persons (N.); person (B.); zan person (A.); zana_ respectable person (A.); jan.a plural affix (OB.); jan person, labourer (B.); jan.a, jan.e person (Or.); jan person, agricultural labourer paid in kind (Bi.); jan, jana_ person, labourer (Mth.); jan person (Bhoj.); jan.o (Marw.); jan. (G.M.); jan.a, zan. (Konkan.i); dana_ (Si.); dena (OSi.10th century)(CDIAL 5098). janapada a people (S'Br.); country (MBh.); inhabited country (opp. to town)(Pali); jan.avaya (Pkt.); ja_napadasa living in the country (As'.); janapade (As'.); danavuva inhabited district (Si.)(CDIAL 5101). can-am people, community (Ci_vaka. 116); relations, one's own people; crowd, herd (Pa_rata. Campava. 47); can-a-pati king, emperor (Kalin.. 361); can-a-k-kat.t.u family circle (Ta.lex.) Living being: jantu offspring, creature, man (RV.); any animal of lowest order, insect, worm (Mn.); living being (Pali); jam.tu (Pkt.)(CDIAL 5110). To grow up: cand- to grow up; candip- (candit-) to make to grow up, bring up, rear (Pa.); sand- to grow; sandup- (sandut-) to make to grow; sand- to grow (plants, etc.)(Ga.)(DEDR 2329). jama_ra age, length of life (S.); jama_ra birth, life (OG.)(CDIAL 5111). janmada progenitor (Skt.); jama_n birth (Pas'.)(CDIAL 5112). can-mam birth (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 3,10,1)(Ta.lex.) janman birth, creature (RV.); zama_n (Wkh.); za_men (Psht.); jamman, jammana birth (Pali); janma, gen. janmas-a (NiDoc.); jamma, jamman.a (Pkt.); jamu birth, age (S.); jam birth (L.); jamm birth, offspring, growth (P.); ja_ma birth (OB.); ja_m son, seed (H.); anja_ma_ barren; jamr.a_ father; jamr.i_ mother (H.); jammai is born (Pkt.); jaman.u to be born, take root (S.); jamman., jaman. to be born, grow (L.); jaman.a_ birth (L.); jammn.a_ to be born, to come into existence, grow; to bear; jama_un.a_ to act as midwife (P.); jamn.a_ to be born, bear; jakn.o~_ to grow (WPah.); ja_mn.o to germinate (Ku.); ja_mai to grow (Bhoj.); ja_mna_ to germinate, sprout (H.); jama_na_ to plant (a tree, etc.)(H.)(CDIAL 5113). jammia born (Pkt.); jammi_ born, flourishing (P.)(CDIAL 5115). Progeny: can-akan- father, progenitor (Kur-r-a_. Tala. Kavur-can-. 84); can-a-k-kat.t.u family circle; family tie; unity among the people (Ta.lex.) janana birth (Mn.); jan.an.a (Pkt.); janani family, race (B.); dananaya birth, production (Si.)(CDIAL 5099). janani_ mother (S'a_n:khS'r.Pali); jan.an.i_ (Pkt.); jan.n.i_ (P.)(CDIAL 5100). janitri_ mother (RV.); janetti_ mother (Pali); jan.ti_ (G.); dinitiya_ (Si.)(CDIAL 5106). janita born (Skt.Pali); jan.ia (Pkt.); dini, dunu (Si.)(CDIAL 5104). janitra origin, birthplace (RV.); procreative matter (VS.); pl. parents (AitBr.); [cf. ca_n.t.u semen (Ma.); menstrual discharge (Ta.)(DEDR 2447)]; janitta birthplace (Pali); jan.tar giving birth, infant (G.); zotr kinsman, friend (Kt.); za_te (Pr.)(CDIAL 5105). janayati causes to be born (AV.); begets (S'Br.); janati begets (RV.); jane_ti bears (a child)(Pali); jan.e_i, jan.ai (Pkt.); jan.an.u (S.); jan.an. to bear (a child), to foal (L.); jan.na_ to give birth to (P.); janna_ to bear, be born (H.); jan.vu~ to bear (G.); jan.a_inu to cause to bring forth (S.); jana_un.a_ to deliver a child (P.); jana_na_ (H.); jan.a_vvu~ (G.); danavanava_ to produce (Si.)(CDIAL 5102). janiman birth (RV.); dinim birh (Si.)(CDIAL 5107). janus birth, race (RV.); dunu_ (OSi.); dunu birth, origin (Si.); junn relation (Wg.)(CDIAL 5108). jama_ndru_, jama~_dru_ congenital (L.); janma_ntara former life (MBh.); jama_ndaru_ natal; adv. from birth (P.)(CDIAL 5114). ja_tya of the same family (S'Br.); of good family (R.); ja_ti_ya in cmpds. of the race of (Ka_tyS'r.); jacca in cmpds. of the family of (Pali); of good birth, best, beaitiful (Pkt.); jai good, in good health (Wg.); an-ja_i_ hybrid (of animals)(H.); -da_ being of the rank of (Si.inscr.)(CDIAL 5190). ja_ti birth (AitBr.); position fixed by birth (Mn.); birth (Pali); jati, jadi (KharI.); ja_i (Pkt.); za_y birth, festival at a birth (K.); jay birth (OSi.); da_ births, sorts, kinds (Si.); ja_ti kind (Ka_tyS'r.); dayak thing, matter (Si.)(CDIAL 5185). ja_ta born; son (RV.); born (Pali); ja_taka son (Pali); ja_te was born (As'.); ja_ta disposition (As'.); -ja_ in family names, e.g. Basuja_ (B.); ja_ya_-jama~_ birth-place (P.); ja_ya_ born (H.); ja_yu~ born (G.); ja_la_ pp. of verb 'to be', jaha_la, ja_hala_ (OM.); jha_la_ (M.); da_ born, son (Si.); da_va pret. of dananava_ (Si.)(CDIAL 5182). ca_ti birth (Tol. Po. 307, Urai); kind, class, species; that which is superior, genuine; group, multitude; ca_ti-kulam high caste; ca_ti-c-carakku article of good quality, genuine article; ca_ti-p-pan-mai plural number denoting the entire genus or class (Ci_vaka.901,urai); ca_ti-p-pil.l.ai Pal.l.ars, as 'servants of the caste' (G.Sm.D.I,i,187); servile caste attached to a particular community (Ta.lex.)

3448.Image: hill, hill pasture: sa_nu, inst. snuna_ mountain top, ridge (RV.); sa_nu mountain ridge (Pali); sa_n.u (Pkt.); so~ hill pasture (Kt.); sa~_ (Wg.); san hill (Dm.); sun high hill, hill pasture (Kal.)(CDIAL 13340). sa_niwa_r dark clouds (Dm.); sa_nuwa_r (Phal.)(CDIAL 13341). ?cf. ca_ral drizzling rain from clouds gathering on hill-tops; mountain; ca_rar--kat.t.u gathering of clouds over the hills during the monsoon (Kon.t.al vit.u. 651)(Ta.lex.)

3449.Climber of date-palm; mountaineer; toddy-drawer: ce_nti < se_ndi_ < s'un.d.a_ toddy (Ta.); s'e_ndi (Tu.)(Ta.lex.) ce_n.o_n- mountaineer (Maturaik. 294)(Ta.lex.) ca_n.a_n, ca_nna_n a caste of palmyra cultivators in Travancore (Ma.); ca_n.an- member of the Sha_n.a_r caste whose occupation is toddy drawing; ca_n-r-a_r Sha_n.a_rs (Ta.)(DEDR 2446). cf. e_n-a_ti name of a division among sha_n.a_ns (whose occupation is toddy-drawing)(Tj.)(Ta.lex.) cf. ti_yan, ti_van the caste of the palm-cultivators, toddy-drawers, sugar-makers etc. (Ma.)(DEDR 3277). cf. ti_rre sweet (Kol.); tiren id. (Ga.)(DEDR 3254). cf. ti_m sweet (Ta.); semba sweetness (Kui); henu id. (Kuwi); ti_nna_ to have a sweet taste, be a relish for, please (Kur.); ti_yana sweet (Te.)(DEDR 3268). cad.ai rises, sits on; caus. cad.a_ve_i, chad.ai rises, mounts (Pkt.); carun to increase (K.); car.han.u to rise, mount (S.); car.han. (L.); car.hn.a_ (P.); car.hn.o (Ku.); car.nu, caus. car.a_unu (N.); sariba to mount, increase, surpass (A.); sara_iba to put on, clothe (A.); car.a_ to mount, increase (B.); car.hiba_ to climb (Or.); car.hab to rise, mount, sit (Mth.); car.hal to rise (Bhoj.); cad.hai rises, attacks (OAw.); caus. cad.ha_vai raises, offers (OAw.); car.hna_ to climb (H.); caus. car.ha_na_ (H.); car.hn.o (Marw.); cad.hvu~, car.vu~ (G.); caus. cad.ha_vvu~, car.a_vvu~ (G.); cad.hn.e~, caus. cad.havin.e~ (M.); cad.ta_ (Konkan.i); sd.a, snd.a a climb (Si.); ca_run to pick up, collect (K.); ca_r.han.u to lift (S.); ca_r.han., ca_r.un. (L.); ca_r.hn.a_ (P.); ca_hr.n.a_ (WPah.); ca_r.ho climber (S.); ca_r.ha climber of a date-palm (L.); ca_r. a pushing up (B.); ca_r.a_ prop (B.); ca_r.i_ punting pole, lever (B.)(CDIAL 4578). ?To surpass: kat.a to excel (Ta.); kat.akka to surpass (Ma.); kad.apuni to cross, surpass (Tu.); kad.acu, gad.acu, gad.ucu to exceed, cross (Te.); kat.t.na_ to surpass, go to excess, overtake and go beyond, pass over or above, to cross (Kur.); kat.p exceedingly, much, very (Malt.)(DEDR 1109).

3450.Founder of a race; first-born: ce_n-an-, ce_n- an ancient title (Te_va_. 859,4) (Ta.lex.) Indra: ce_n.iyan- Indra (ce_n.iyan-u man-r-e_ terintu)(Tan-ippa_,i,60,120); ce_n. height, loftiness; sky (Kampara_. Cu_rppan.akai. 20); heaven (Kantapu. Tirunakara. 105); ce_n.am heaven (Te_va_. 857,4); ce_n.a_t.u heaven (Ta.lex.) ce_n.iyar a class of celestials (Ce_tupu. Ve_ta_l.a. 14)(Ta.lex.) indra the god Indra (RV.); inda (Pali); im.da (Pkt.); i~_dr name of a god (Kt.); indr (Pr.); in, gen. indras (Kal.); i~d.ra-lat.hi rainbow (S.); i~_da (OMarw.); indu (Si.)(CDIAL 1572). im.dajjhaya a large flag (Pkt.); indradhvaja Indra's banner (VarBr.S.)(CDIAL 1578). ce_n-an- an ancient title (Te_va_. 859,4)(Ta.lex.) se_na_ni Skanda, the god of war; a general (Ka.lex.) se_na_l old man, senior; fem. se_no_; sena_l (masc.) aged; seno id. (Go.); ser.al (masc.) old; se_r.o old woman; he_nor old, senior; se_no old woman; se_r.o (pl. -sku) id. (Go.); send.a first-born, eldest; send.enju founder of a race, early settler (Kui)(DEDR 2808). X ja_nin having knowledge (Mn.); a_n.in id. (Pali)(CDIAL 5282): saja_n.a clever (Pkt.); sia_n.o (S.); sia_n.a_ sensible, discreet, wise (L.); siya_n.a_ id. (P.); saya_n.o wise, experienced, old (Ku.); siya_na_ adult (N.); xiya_n clever (A.); siya_na_, seya_na (B.); sia_n.a, sia_n.a_, siha_n.a_ (B.); saya_n full-grown (Mth.); saya_na_, siya_na_, seya_na_ intelligent, adult (H.); s'en., s'a_n.u_ wise, discreet, courteous (G.); sia_ni_ clever; pl. si_ni~_ clever (WPah.); saya_ni_ (OAw.)(CDIAL 13088). s're_n.ya *tribesman (nom. prop. BHSkt. ii, 536); s.i_n., pl. s.i_n.i a Shina man; s.in.o f., s.in.i adj. (Sh.)(CDIAL 12719). Revenue officer: se_na an officer who collects the revenue in a village (Ka.); se_na_ (H.); having a lord, possessing a master or leader (Skt.); se_na-bo_va, s'a_nabho_ga, s'a_nabhava, s'a_nabha_ga, s'ya_nabho_ga, sa_naba_ga, sa_nabo_ga the clerk of a village or of some villages, ka_yastha (Ka.); s'a_na_ya the portion of a crop which a s'a_nabho_ga received from villagers as his fees (Ka.lex.) Holy presence: can-n-ati holy presence; can-n-atam-ar..aittal to invoke a deity for inspiration and assistance (J.); can-n-atam temporary possession by a spirit (Tan.t.alai. 34); oracle, utterance of oracles; can-n-iti < san-nidhi nearness, proximity (Pi. Vi. 19, Urai.); presence of a deity, guru or some great person; temple; entrance or advent of divine spirit; temple; can-n-ita_n-am < san-nidha_na presence; sacred presence of a deity; entrance or advent of divine spirit (Civaraka. Paca_cumo_. 11); a term of respect, used in addressing or referring to great personages, especially in mutts; can-n-iro_tan-am circumscribing the divine presence to a particular spot or place (Civaraka. Paca_cumo_. 11); can-n-i-pir-attal < san-ni-pa_ta being in a state of delirium; sanni id. (Ka.); can-n-i-k-ko_t.t.i convulsions (Ta.lex.)

3452.To lie down; to do: ke_ to lie down, to repose; to copulate with (Ka.); ge_ to perform (Ka.); ghe_n.e_m. to do (M.); keyha doing, performing (Ka.); caikai action, performance (Ta.); keyta, kaita, geyta doing, performance ; an act (Ka.); ke_da_t.a copulation (Ka.); key, kay, keyi, gey to perform, to do, to make, to work (Ka.); cey (Te.Ta.Ma.); ce_ (Te.); keyme, kaime, geyme, ge_me doing, performance; work; achievement; dexterity, cleverness (Ka.); kaime power, authority (Ma.); kayamai villainy (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) Rest: say to cease, be quieted, be stilled; saytu cessation, ceasing from action, rest, ease, quiet, stillness, silence; saypu cessation, quiet, stillness; saddu (sg.), saddi (pl.) cease! stop! (verb used in the imperative only); sasane, sasine still, uttering no sound, motionless; sa_vagisu to cease, become quiet, still (Ka.); sairu, hairu, tairu, airu to wait, stop, be patient (Tu.)(DEDR 2351). s.u_ rest, repost (Sh.); s.oi near (Kho.); s'raya refuge (Skt.)(CDIAL 12684). s'rayati places (TS.); betakes oneself to (MBh.); s'rayate_ is placed, lies (RV.); caus. s'ra_yayati; ucchra_payati (VS.); sayanava_ to cause to remain, fix on (Si.)(CDIAL 12686a). Lying; bed; cowshed: sena_sana [sayana + a_sana] sleeping and sitting, bed and chair, dwelling, lodging; sena lying, sleeping; couch, bed; seyya_ (Skt. s'ayya_) a bed, couch (Pali.lex.) hayana covered palanquin (Skt.); hayi_n low bed (Bshk.); hai_n chair; hayi_n.i f. small stool (Phal.)(CDIAL 13977). s'a_en cowshed (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12323). s'ayana bed, lying down (S'Br.); s'i_na_ cradle (Par.); sayana, se_na lying down, bed (Pali); sayan.a (Pkt.); sen bedstead (Tir.); s'en (Kal.Tor.); s'e_n (Phal.); s'i_n (Phal.); s'a'n (Bshk.)(CDIAL 12323). e_n.ai cloth-cradle hung from a cross-piece or branch; children's hammock: e_n.ainin- r-et.utta kai-p-pil.l.ai (Arut.pa_, vi. Par-r-utal,2); firmness, stability (Arut.pa_, vi, Apayani. 1)(Ta.lex.) s'a_yayate_ causes to lie, places (R.); sayanava_ to cause to remain, fix on (Si.)(CDIAL 12399). Image: raised seat: an.ai raised seat, couch; cushion, mattress; bed, sleeping place (Ta.lex.) an. upper part (Ta.)(DEDR 110). cf. kalan.ai horse-saddle (Tiruppu. 405); kalan.ai-k-karat.u pommel of a saddle; kalan-ai-va_r girth of a saddle; kalan-ai horse-saddle (Ka_cippu. Nakara. 17) < khali_na (Skt.)(Ta.lex.)

3453.Hawk, falcon, eagle: s'ye_na hawk, falcon, eagle (RV.); se_na, se_naka hawk (Pali); se_n.a (Pkt.); s'en. kite (WPah.); xen falcon, hawk (A.); sen.a_ id. (Or.); sen, se~ (H.); s'en, s'eni_ (M.); sen falcon, eagle, kite (Si.)(CDIAL 12674).

3454.Bouquet: cen.d.u cluster of flowers, bouquet (Te.)(DEDR 2766).

3455.Image: Indian fox: cen.d.aka, cen.d.akanari the canis (vulpes) rufescens; cen.d.akin nari the Indian fox, vulpes bengalensis (Ka.lex.)

3456.Five: e_nu five (things)(Te.); ayn five (Go.); se_ngi five (Kui)(DEDR 2826).

3457.A tree: ja_ni-gid.a a small tree, grewia abutilifolia; ja_na grewia asiatica; tad.a-ja_n.a grewia tiliaefolia; kari-ja_n.a, grewia orbiculata (Ka.); ja_n.a a kind of tree; ja_na grewia orbiculata; nalla-ja_na, pedda-ja_na grewia asiatica (Te.)(DEDR 2451). ga_n:ge_ruka grain of the plant uraria lagopodioides; ga_n:ge_ruki_ the plant (Sus'r.); ga_n:ge_ya root of scirpus kysoor or of a cyperus (Sus'r.); gan:ger grewia betulaefolia, sageretia brandrethiana, ehretia aspera, lycium europaeum; ga~geru_, ga~geran urarir lagopodioides (used as a drug), ga~geruwa_ a hill tree with fruit like myrobolans used against phlegm (H.); ga_n.o, ga_n.i_ the shrub and fruit of two species of grewia (S.)(CDIAL 4110).

3459.Chick-pea: Cicer arietinum (Ancient Egyptian hrw bik, 'falcon's head'; Coptic eiwriwr or big nebwk 'falcon's eye'; Modern Egyptian Arabic hummus.). "Chick-peas a favourite dish in Egypt today, especially soaked, crushed and mixed with sesame paste and spices. In India they are ground to make gram flour for bread and batters. They were also part of the ancient diet. Tutankhamun (1567-1320 BC) was given a basket of chick-peas to sustain him in the Hereafter... Copts, like Dioscorides believed them to be stimulating for milk production." (Lise Manniche, An Ancient Egyptian Herbal, p.87). Cicer arietinum: chana (H.M.); chola (B.P.); kadalai (Ta.); sanagalu (Te.); chanaka (Skt.); acid exudation: astringent, used in dyspepsia, constipation; largely cultivated in most parts of India (GIMP, p.63). cf. kat.alai Bengal gram, cicer arietinum (Ta.)(DEDR 1120). can.aka cicer arietinum (Car. Su. 27.28, Ci. 3.189). cf. kanti dhal (Ta.); pigeon pea, cajanus indicus; pl. kandulu (Te.); ka_ndula pigeon-pea (Or.)(DEDR 1213).

3460.Frost: s'i_na frozen, congealed (Pa_n..); ice (VS.); si_na congealed (Pali); s'i_n snow, ice (K.); sinu corpse (N.); hi_n snow, ice (Tor.); hi_n. (Mai.); hin (Sh.); s'yai congeal, freeze (Skt.)(CDIAL 12492). ki_ba_ frost, ice (Kur.); kiwe cold, cool; kiw-kiwre to feel cool or cold (Malt.)(DEDR 1618). hi~w snow, hoarfrost, dew (H.); hiv, iv, yiv snow (Gypsy); hi~v, hi~_v cold, ague (M.); i~v cold (Konkan.i); hima cold, frost, snow (RV.); snow, hoarfrost (S.ad.vBr.); hima_ winter (RV.); himika_ hoarfrost (Skt.); hima cold; snow (Pali.Pkt.); zi_m id. (Ash.Kt.Wg.Bashg.); ji_m (Kt.Wg.); zima (Pr.); hi_m, i_m, yi_m (Pas'.); im (Nin:g.); i_m (Wot..Shum.); hi_m (Gaw.); him (Kho.Bshk.Tor.); hi_n (Sh.); hi_n., hi~_ (Mai.); heyo~ (Gau.); hina (Sv.); he_yan winter (Sv.); him (Sh.); himun to become snow (K.); hiu~ snow (P.); heu~, hyu (WPah.); hyu~ (Ku.); hiu~ snow, ice (N.); him hoarfrost, dew (G.); hima frost, cold, dew (Si.)(CDIAL 14096). hent drift of snow in a gorge or ravine; hint drift of snow (L.)(CDIAL 14097). hi~va_l.a_ winter season (M.)(CDIAL 14098). himchari avalanche (Gaw.)(CDIAL 14099). iml, im'l avalanche of snow (Dm.); hima_l (Bshk.Tor.Phal.)(CDIAL 14100). hyu_muna_ snowflakes (Ku.)(CDIAL 14101). himro_t snow water (Kho.)(CDIAL 14102). hi~wa_r, hiwa~_r snow, hoarfrost, dew, great cold (H.)(CDIAL 14103). hima_cala Himalaya (Skt.); hima_yala snow-covered mountain (Pkt.); hima_l lofty snow-covered peak (N.); hima_la (Skt.); hima_l.u~ cold (G.)(CDIAL 14104). hia_n. avalanche (of snow only); hya~_n.oi_ (WPah.); m^u great collection of snow, snowdrift, piled up snow on mountainside, avalanche (K.); hima_ni_ mass of snow (Pa_n..)(CDIAL 14105). hima_nta end of the cold season (MBh.); hi~vat, hi~vat-jami_n wild land ploughed up and left unsown till the Rains (M.)(CDIAL 14106). he_man winter (TS.); he_manta winter (RV.); yevend, yavent, vend (Gypsy); yeman (Shum.)(CDIAL 14164). hem avalanche, fall of snow (L.)(CDIAL 14171). he_mam.tia produced in winter (Pkt.); he~wti_ a dwarf variety of cotton (Bi.)(CDIAL 14170). hem snow, frost, cold (Si.); haima covered with snow (MBh.); snow, hoarfrost (Skt.)(CDIAL 14169). hin, hinn, hi_n snow (Sh.); hina (Sv.)(CDIAL 14845). Cold: kinani, kina_m cold (Kol.); kinan, ki_nd id. (Go.); kinna_n wet, cool; kinni_ta cold (Go.)(DEDR 1601). kid.a_ng- to be cold (Go.); kirin-, kirng- id. (Go.); kirn- to become cool (Go.)); ki_rna_ to be cold, feel cold (Kur.); girgira cold (Pa.Ga.)(DEDR 1568). Wetness; mucus of nose: snih wetness, moisture (TS.); sne_hiti, sni_hiti pl. waters (RV.); sni_hiti moisture (TA_r.); sni_han, sni_ha_ mucus of nose (S'Br.); sin.ha_ snow, dew, mist, drop of water falling from sky (Pkt.); hina snow (Sv.); hi_n snow (Sh.); hi_n snow, ice (Tor.); hi_n. snow (Mai.); sinnha_ unseasoned wood; sinna~_ moist, wet (L.); sinnha_ wet (P.); sinnhn.a_ to be wet (P.)(CDIAL 13798). hinal, pl. hinale avalanche of snow (Sh.)(CDIAL 13799). sine_ha grease (S'a_n:khBr.); oiliness (Ya_j.); blandness, love (MaitrUp.); sine_ha unctuous moisture, sap, fat, affection, love (Pali); sin.e_ha hoarfrost, snow, mist (Pkt.); oil, ghee, affection, love (Pkt.); san.e_ha, n.e_ha id. (Pkt.); senehe, sene_, sine_ oil; sanaha, sana_ oil, grease, affection (Si.)(CDIAL 13802). cf. ney ghee, oil (Ta.lex.)

3461.To blow the nose; mucous matter; sneeze: s'r.n:kha_n.ika_ mucus of the nose (A_past.); s'in:gha_n.a, s'in:gha_n.aka, s'in:ghan.a (Skt.); s'im.ha_n.a, sim.ha_n.a mucus (Skt.); upas'im.hana, upasim.hana something for smelling (Sus'r.); sin:gha_nika_ mucus of the nose (Pali); sim.gha_n.a, sim.gha_n.aya (Pkt.); si~ga_n.o (Ku.); sin.a_n (N.); xen:gun (A.); sikni (B.); sin:gha_n.i, sin:ga_n.i mucus of nose, iron rust (Or.); sikni_ mucus of nose (H.); sin:ghiru sniveller (S.); s.i_a~ mucus (Ash.); s.i~_ (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12582). Smells: s'in:ghati smells (Dha_tup.); upas'in:ghati kisses (Skt.); upas'in:ghana a thing to be smelled at (Sus'r.); sin:ghati smells (Pali); sim.ghai, sum.ghai (Pkt.); sung, s'ung (Gypsy); s'u~_khim 1 sg. (Kal.); s'un:khik (Kho.); sin:ghan.u, sun:ghan.u (S.); sin:ghan. (L.); se~_hga_ smeller-out of old wells (L.); sugghun. smells (L.); sin:ghn.a_ (P.); sun:gh^ana_ (P.); s'i~n.n.u_, s'in:ghn.o~_ (WPah.); s'i~ghn.u (WPah.); su~gn.o, sun.n.o smells (Ku.); sun.nu (N.); xun.iba (A.); su~ka_, su~ga_ (B.); sun:ghiba_, sun:giba_ (Or.); sun:ghab (Mth.); su~_ghab (Aw.); su~_ghna_ (H.); su~_ghvu~ (G.); su~gn.e~ (M.); s.u~_ thoi_ki to smell (Sh.)(CDIAL 12579). kun.un:ku smell of cattle, butter, etc. (Ta.); kun.ukku-na_r-uka, kun.ukku-man.am sweaty smell, smell of soiled linen steeped in water (Ma.)(DEDR 1687). ca_'(a)na_ (ca~_cas) to stink, give forth an offensive smell; to smell in general (Kur.); cen-ye (cen-ca) to emit odour; cen-yro scented, smelling (Malt.) (DEDR 2264). Mucus: ci_ntu (ci_nti-) to blow, as the nose; ci_ntal mucous matter of the nose; cintu (cinti-) to blow the nose (Ta.); ci_ntuka, ci_r-r-uka id. (Ma.); si_n (si_nt-, si_nd-), si_nu (si_t-) to sneeze; n. sneezing, a sneeze (Ka.); hi_ntruni, hi_mpuni, si_mpu to blow the nose (Tu.); ci_mpu to clear the nose (Kor.); ci~_du to blow the nose (Te.); sindeng id. (Kol.); ti~_d- to clear the nose (Pa.); ci_nd- (c =ts) to sneeze; si_nd- to blow the nose (Ga.); hi_nd-, i_nd- id. (Go.); si_nd- (-it-) id. (Kond.a); sri_nda (sri_ndi-), hi_nd- id. (Kui); sindali, hi_nd-, si_nd- (-it-) id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 2618). ks.auti sneezes (Gaut.); pres. part. ks.uvant- (Mn.); ks.uta- pp. (MBh.); a sneeze (Ya_j.); ks.ut (Ma_rkP.); ks.uti (Skt.)[X 'to spit, expectorate': ks.i_vyati]; khuya, hcua, khui sneeze (Pkt.); cewani_ sneezing; cey- to sneeze (Pas'.); chi_ama_n.a pres. part. sneezing; chi_a, chi_a_ (Pkt.); chi_h, chi_s'^u (K.); chyu~_ (Ku.); chiu~ (N.); khipita expectoration, sneezing (Pali)[cf. khipa spittle ejected when chewing betel (Or.)]; kivisanava_, pp. kivut.u to sneeze (OSi.)(CDIAL 3754). cne to sneeze (Pr.)(CDIAL 3758). semilu to sneeze (Ka.); cimili id. (Kor.)(DEDR 2774). Sneeze: chikka_ sneeze (Skt.Pkt.); chikka id. (Pkt.); chikkai sneezes; chikkiya sneezing (Pkt.); cik, pl. cikka sneeze; cikni sneezing; cin. (Pas'.Shum.); cik (Gaw.); chikk (P.); chekki (WPah.); chi~_k (Ku.); chi~k, chi~knu (N.); chikka_ sneeze; chikkan sneezing (B.); chikka, cin:ka, chik(k)iba_, chin:kiba_ (Or.); chi~_k, chi~_kna_ (H.); chi~_k, chi~kvu~, chi~kn.i_ snuff (G.); s'i~_k, s'ikn.e~, s'i~k (M.); s'i_m.ki (Konkan.i); ca_s', co_s to cough; ca_s'a coughing (Pas'.); ca_sik (Gaw.)(CDIAL 5032). semilu to sneeze (Ka.); cimili id. (Kor.)(DEDR 2774).

3462.Image: plait, fold into long strips: cun.vu~ id. (G.); cin.vu~ to fold into long strips (G.); cun.n.e~ to plait (M.); cun.an.u to plait, fold (S.); cun.an. to crumple, choose (L.); cuna_ to plait (B.); cun.n.a_ to plait (P.); cunai_ threads (pearls) (OAw.); cunna_ to plait, crimp (H.)(CDIAL 4814). Transposed words: cun.n.amor..i-ma_r-r-u constructing a cun.n.am verse by suitable transposition of words (Nan-. 412, Mayilai.); cun.n.am a mode of constructing a stanza in which the words in a pair of four-footed lines are transposed from their natural order (Tol. Col. 406) (Ta.lex.) Image: heap-up, collect, build-up in layers: cino_ti heaps up, collects (AV.); collects (MBh.); gathers up (Mun.d.Up.); cina_ti collects, heaps-up (Pali); cin.e_i id. (Pkt.); cin.n.a_ to pile up, lay (bricks), gather (clothes), arrange (P.); [cf. sena even, straight, level (Kui); han:ku straight (Pe.)(DEDR 2316)]; cin.n.o~_ to build (e.g., a terrace)(WPah.); cinnu id. (N.); cinna_ to build up (a wall), gather, pick, crimp (H.); cin.vu~ to fold into long strips; can.vu~ to build, make, erect (G.); cin.n.e~ to build up, fill a hole by ramming stones (M.); cun.ai pecks up (Pkt.); cun.an.u to plait, fold, build up (an entrance)(S.); cun.an. to pick, gather, choose, crumple; cun.un. to select (L.); cun.an.u to build up (an entrance); cun.an. to pick, gather, choose (L.); cun.n.a_ to build up in layers (P.); cunnu to pucker (N.); cuna_ to pick out, choose, plait, pucker (B.); cunal to choose (Bhoj.); cunai threads (pearls)(OAw.); cunna_ to pick up, gather, plait, crimp, build (H.); cun.vu~ to fold in long strips (G.); cun.n.e~ to pile up orderly, fold, plait; choose (M.); cunvu~ to pick up, glean (G.)(CDIAL 4814). cf. kinn- (kinni-) to tear into strips (rags, plantain or screwpine leaves)(Kod..)(DEDR 1604).

3463.Birch: cin-n-i Indian shrubby copper-leaf, acalypha fruticosa (Ta.); cinni birch-leaved acalypha, acalypha betulina (Ka.)(DEDR 2597). cf. me_n-i acalypha indica (DEDR 1737).

3464.Lagerstroemia: cinnaci lagerstroemia parviflora (Ta.); cimaci id. (Ma.); cannan:gi, cennan:gi id. (Ka.); cannan:gi, ci_maci id. (Te.)(DEDR 2595). Lagerstroemia indica: phgurush (B.H.); dhayti (M.); tindiyam (Ta.); chinagoranta (Te.); bark, leaves and flowers: considered hydragogue and drastic purgative; bark: stimulant, febrifuge; habitat: throughout India, common in gardens (GIMP, p. 149).

3465.Image: gold coin: cinm gold (Ko.); sin gold, ear-ring (To.); cinnam goldcoin, coin (Ta.); cinna gold (Ka.Tu.); cinnamu a weight (of gold) equal to 1/30 of a tola; cinnidamu, ci_namu gold (Te.)(DEDR 2596). cf. cin.ot.t.hi_ abrus precatorius (Skt.); cf. cici_; ka_ka-cica_; kan.ed.d.hia_ (Pkt.); canot.thi_ abrus precatorius and its berry (used as a measure of weight)(G.)(CDIAL 4795).

3466.Image: junction: sin point where boundaries of three villages meet (P.)(CDIAL 13435). cf. cinha identification mark (Skt.)

3467.To be curdled: styana coagulated (Sus'r.); density (Skt.); stye_na nectar (Skt.); cho_n, co_n cheese (Bshk.); styu_n. thick milk (Kt.); cun:gu_ (Pr.); cha_na_ a kind of soft cheese (B.); thi_na stiffness, obduracy (Pali); thi_n.a, thin.n.a, t.hi_n.a coagulated, hard (Pkt.); chena_ a kind of soft cheese (B.); curd, cheese (Or.); thick curdled milk, cheese (H.)(CDIAL 13731). cun.uth cheese (Tor.)(CDIAL 13732). tha_ya_ little pool (of milk, blood, spilt water etc.)(M.)(CDIAL 13733). icu (ici-) to be curdled (as milk), get thick (as ghee)(Ta.); ez, ez,e xen thick mass of buttermilk ( = moz,e xen; moz, buttermilk)(To.); in:gisu to evaporate by boiling, etc. (Ka.); in:ku, inuku, i~_ku to dry up or evaporate (as water)(Te.) (DEDR 430). ken moz, moz,e xen, ez,e xen thick buttermilk, thick mass of buttermilk (To.); kene cream of milk (Ka.)(DEDR 1987). ken densely (of shade) (To.); kanam compact, hard (Ma.); kan- to be heavy; kan-am thickness, heaviness (Ta.)(DEDR 1404).

3468.To clothe: co'ona_ (co_cas) to put on (cloth)(Kur.); cuye (cc) to put on, dress; cuypo a woman's dress consisting of one piece of cloth; cuytre to clothe, dress another (Malt.)(DEDR 2827).

3469.Sublimated mercuric compound: cun.n.am, cun.n.akam, cun.n.appot.i aromatic powder mixed with saffron and gold or silver dust, used for sprinkling over guests on festive occasions (W.); cun.n.a-k-kur-r-i a small casket for keeping aromatic bathing powder (Perun.. Ucaik. 38,168); cun.n.ama_t.u-tal to sprinkle scented powder on festive occasions etc. (W.)(Ta.lex.) carakku-c-cun.n.am peroxide compound of mercury, sulphur, etc., cavvi_ram (Ta.lex.) cf. jhar^ana_ iron sieve with handle (Bi.); za_ran a metallic calx (A.)(CDIAL 5375). Quick-lime: cu_rn.a quick-lime, mortar (Skt.); cun-n-am (Ta.); cunna (Pkt.)(Ta.lex.)

3470.Lime-plaster: cun.n.a lime-plaster; cun.n.aka lime used as face powder (Pali); cun.n.a lime (Pkt.); cu_na (K.); cunu (S.); cu_na_ (L.P.Aw.H.); su_n. (A.); cuno (Ku.); cun (Ku.N.); cu_n. (B.); cu_n.a_ (Or.); cu_n (Bi.Mth.H.); cu_no (G.); cuna_ (M.); cunno (Konkan.i); sunu, hun.u (Si.)(CDIAL 4889). cun.a_ri_ lime-burner (MB.); cu_rn.aka_ra (Pa_ras'Paddh.); cuna_ri (B.); cu_nara_, cunura_ (Or.)(CDIAL 4892). cunha_ lime-box (Bi.Mth.)(CDIAL 4893). cunauti box for lime eaten with betel (Ku.); cunaut.i (N.); cuna_ti, cunati, cunat.i (B.); cunaut.i_ (Bi.); cunaut.a_, cunaut.i_ (H.)(CDIAL 4895). cun.n.am lime, oxide of calcium; cun.n.a-c-ca_ntu plaster, mortar; cun.n.a_mpu lime burnt in the kiln, quicklime (Ta.Ma.); slaked lime (Va_yucan.. Kiriya_. 23); macerated lime, lime specially prepared as fine plaster; cun.n.a_mpu-k-ka_rai mortar; dried plaster of chunam; cun.n.a_mpu-k-ka_l.ava_y lime-kiln; cun.n.a_mpu-k-kut.t.a_n- toddy-drawer's small basket for lime; cun.n.a_mpat.aital settling of lime in sweet toddy; cun.n.a_mpu-t-tut.uppu small metal rod for taking slaked lime from its casket; cun.n.a_mpu-kuttutal to pound lime with sand and water and make it into mortar; cun.n.a_mpu-c-cippi lime-shells; cun.n.a_mpu-p-paravar a sub-sect among Parava caste; cun.n.a_mpo_r chunam-burners, chunam-sellers (Cin-e_n. 141); cun.n.a_mpu-p-par-aiyar id. (Ta.lex.)

3471.Dog: san [Vedic s'va, gen. s'unah.; Av. spa_; Lat. canis; Old Irish. cu_; Goth. hunds = hound] dog (Pali.lex.)

3472.Red; brown-coloured dog:: co.- (co.p-, co.nd-) to become red; co.nd red; co.pi red, redness; co.m bullock (in song); kem.- red (in a few cmpds.: ken-denge brown coconut; coconut; ken-na.y wild dog; ke-jeri red squirrel; kem-butti red anthill; ke-jo.pi a dull red)(Kod..); ce-, cem-, cevv-, ceyya, ce_takam, ce_ttu red; cekkam, cekkar, cekkal, cekil, cemmai, cey, cevvu, cevval, ceve_r-en-al, ce_, ce_kkai, ce_ku, ce_kai, ce_ntu, ce_ppu, ce_y, civven-al, civappu, cive_r-en-al redness; ceccai id., ixora coccinea (with scarlet blossoms); ceppal red colour (as of dawn); ceyyavan-, ceyyan-, ceyya_n-, ceyyo_n-, ce_yan-, ce_ya_n-, civappan- person of red or brown complexion (Ta.); ceval, cevalai, civalai ruddy person or animal; cival Indian partridge; ce_ (-pp-, -nt-) to redden, get angry; ce_kil tawny-coloured bull; ce_t-a_ tawny-coloured cow; ce_yttu, ce_ytu that which is red; civa (-pp-, -nt-) to redden, blush, become angry; cekka-cciva (-v-, -nt-), cekka-ceku to be deep red; cekka-ccive_ren-al, cekka-cceve_ren-al deep redness; cen-na_y brown-coloured dog, canis dukhunensis; kempu ruby (Ta.); ce-, cem-, ce_ya red; cemma, cevva, cona, covva redness; cekkal dawn; cekki-ppu_, cetti-ppu_, cecci-ppu_ ixora coccinea (Ma.); cen.n.uka, cempikka, conekka, cuvakka to be red; cemappu redness; cemakkuva to redden; cuvappu, co_ppu red; red colour; ruby; cecca a kind of ruby; cenna_yi wolf or rather canis primaevus; kempu ruby (Ma.); ken, ke.t red; kep red, redness; kep a.v, ken a.v red cow; ke na.y wild dog; keky red clay; keb gal flint; ke. kat.y clinkers (i.e. red lumps) from smithy place; kepn n. pr. red bullock or male dog; fem. kepy; kepn n. pr. man; kempy n. pr. woman (Ko.); k- red (e.g. k mon. red soil; kmo.s- n. pr. reddish buffalo); ke no.y wild dog (To.); ke-, kem-- red; ken:ka, ken:gal, keccane, keccu, kecage, kecane, kendu, kebbe, kempu, ke_su, kisu redness; kekkarisu, ken:galisu to become red; keca a red man; fem. keci; kemba_ra, kemba_re redness of evening; ke_pala, kevala, kisga_ra ixora coccinea; (a few compounds with ce- and ca-)(Ka.); kem-, keca, keci red; kempu redness, ruby; ke_pul.a, ke_pula, ke_pal. ixora coccina; genda redness; gende a reddish-coloured ox; fem. gendi; canna red; canna-na_yi wolf (Tu.); cem-- red (in a few cpds.); cen:ga_vi reddish colour; reddish; (ka_vi id.); ke-, kem- red (in a few cpds.); kempu red; redness; a ruby (Te.); key dark red, reddish brown (Pa.); xe~_so red; blood; xe~_s blood; anger (Kur.); qso red; qslo reddish; qesu blood; qsolre to redden (as the eyes, face, or fruit when ripening)(Malt.); xi_sun red; gold (Br.)(DEDR 1931). Red; auspicious; Rudra: civappu, cikappu (colloq.) red (Ta.lex.) s'iva auspicious (RV.); a name of Rudra (A_s'vS'r.); siva S'iva (Pali.Pkt.); siu (H.)(CDIAL 12472). s'iva_laya shrine to S'iva (Skt.); siva_la_ shrine or temple to S'iva (P.)(CDIAL 12473).

3473.Blood: s'o_n.ita blood (Gr.S'r.); so_n.ita blood (Pali); so_n.ia (Pkt.); son.i (Or.)(CDIAL 12625). Red: s'o_n.a crimson, red, purple (RV.); yellow (Skt.); so_n.a red (Pkt.); sun.este za~r gold (Ash.); so_n.e red (Ash.); s.o_n.a_k red; s'o_nek, s'on.ek, su_n.ek (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12623). co_n.appu_ red cotton (Perun.. Makata. 17,133); co_n.itam red, crimson (Kampara_. Makarakkan.. 7)(Ta.lex.) co_n.i < s'o_n.ita blood (Ta. Ni. Po_. Potumaip. 144)(Ta.lex.) To clean, adorn: suva_rn.a_, sava_rn.a_ to adorn, improve, prepare, adjust (P.); swern.o to sweep (Ku.); soharnu, sohornu to clean, sweep (N.)(CDIAL 12628).

3474.River Sone: co_n.ai the river So_n., which falls into the Ganges near Pa_t.ali_putra; co_n.am id. (Kampara_. Akalikai. 1)(Ta.lex.) s'o_n.a, s'o_n.a_ the river Son (MBh.); xon id. (A.); son (B.); son.a(Or.); son (H.)(CDIAL 12624). co_n-am cloud (Patin-o. A_l.u. Mum. 12); co_n-a_-me_kam clouds incessantly pouring rain (Pa_rata. Patin-e_r..a_m. 135); co_n-ai-ma_ri id. (Kampara_. Pirama_ttira. 59); co_n-ai-me_kam id. (Pa_rata. Campava. 79) (Ta.lex.) co_n-ai dark moisture-laden clouds, incessant downpour of rain, constant drizzle from clouds gathering on hilltops; co_n.am cloud; co_n.a_-ma_ri incessant rain (Ta.); so_ne a thin, light but long-continued rain, incessant drizzle, incessant rain (Ka.); so_na rain, drizzle, thin but long (Te.)(DEDR 2899).

3475.Image: membrum virile: cf. cun.n.i membrum virile (Ta.); penis (Ma.); tun.n.i, tun.n.e id. (Ka.); culla, culli (Te.); con.d.o_ id. (Kur.)(DEDR 2666). cun-n-attu circumcision, as the practice of the prophet (Ta.); sunnat (Arabic)(Ta.lex.) cuy (child's) penis (Pe.); hu_y penis (Mand..); cu_co_ id. (Go.)(DEDR 2681).

3476.Gilt; gold: sonna_ra gilt, gilding (Ka.); so_ne_ri (M.H.); sonnega_r-a a goldsmith (Ka.); so_na_ra (M.H.); sonna, sonne (Tadbhava of svarn.a) gold, svarn.a, suvarn.a, kasavara; sonne-varada a dealer in gold, a money-changer; sonne-vet.t.u the mountain Me_ru; sonne-vet.t.u-villa S'iva (Ka.lex.) svarn.a-ks.i_ri a kind of so_ma or moon-plant with yellow juice (Ka.lex.)

3477.Image: dot: sonne (Tadbhava of s'u_nya) a cypher or dot representing anusvara, bindu; a cipher or zero; sonnalige, sannalige roundness, what is round (Ka.lex.) Image: empty: s'u_nya empty (S'Br.); sua empty; emptiness (Pali); sun.n.a empty; empty place (Pkt.); su_na empty (Dm.); s'u~_, s'^uu, s'i, s'i^u empty space (K.); suu, suo barren, desolate (S.); suj deserted; suja_ barren, poverty-stricken; su~j desert (L.); sunn desolation; sunna_ desolate, quiet (P.); suno empty, deserted (Ku.); sun nothing (N.); su_na (MB.); suna empty, lonely, still (Or.); su_n empty (Bhoj.); su_na, su_na_ (OAw.); su_n empty; vacuum, naught; su_na_ empty, hollow (H.); su_no empty (Marw.); su_n emptiness, numbness, nought; su_nu~ empty (G.); [For semant. 'numbness' cf. jommu (Ka.)(DEDR 2882)]; suna_ (M.); sonne~ nought (Konkan.i); sun, hun empty, emptiness (Si.); cuni empty (Ash.); cu_ne-, cu_ne-sto_, co~_-s'ta_ (Wg.); cui~_ (Kt.); s'uni_ (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12567). Image: swollen: s'u_na swollen, grown (Sus'r.); emptiness (RV.); su_na swollen (Pali); su_n.a (Pk.); cune- to churn (Pr.); h^on^u swollen, dropsical (K.); su_n.o (pp. of sujan.u to swell)(S.); suninu to swell; caus. sunya_unu (N.); sun.vu~ (G.)(CDIAL 12565). s'une_i inflated skin (Wg.) (CDIAL 12566). s'u_yate_ is swollen (Car.); s'uv- to swell; pp. s'uvlo swollen (Gypsy); s'uzoiki, 3 sg. s'u~_zai, s'u_jei (Sh.); sujan.u, pp. su_n.o (S.); sujjan., sujun., sujan. (L.); sujjn.a_ (P.); su_j a swelling (P.); s'ujn.u to swell (WPah.); su_jan swelling of limbs (Ku.); suj swelling (N.); su_jna_ to swell (H.); sujvu~ (G.); sujn.e~ to swell, crave intensely for (M.); idenava_ to suppurate (Si.); soji a swelling (S.); soj (L.P.); s'oja_ (WPah.); sojo (G.)(CDIAL 12568). Sign, token; title: sonne (Tadbhava of sam.je) sign, token, signal; an appellation, a name, title, designation, term (Ka.lex.) Image: lucky fall of dice: co_n.a_lu, co_n.ai a lucky fall of dice or cowries, as in the game of ta_yam, dist. fr. pa_n.a_lu; co_n.i cowrie (Ta.lex.) Image: circular mark: cun-n-am cipher, circular mark (Ta.); sunna (Pkt.); s'u_nya (Skt.); cun-n-at.i, cun:kat.i a kind of dyed saree with undyed spots (Ta.); tcun:gud.i (Te.)(Ta.lex.) Image: swelling; hole: cun.t.u sediment, that which adheres to a pot when boiling (J.)(Ta.lex.) cf. cu_n.a_-vayir-u pot-belly (Ta.lex.) cun.an:ku yellow spreading spots on the body of women (regarded as beautiful)(T.); cun.ai to be inflamed; pustules (Ta.); cun.an.n.u scab, spots on the skin (Ma.); cul.l.i spot, mark (Kod..); cul.l.i payyu spotted cow (Kod..); cun.n.ai scab, scurf (Tu.); jonne_ wart (Kur.)(DEDR 2659). cf. tun- hole,cavity (Ta.); tu_ntu hole (Ka.); du_n well-shaft, well, pit (Br.)(DEDR 3399). cf. kan-n-am hole made by burglars in a house-wall (Ta.); kannomi a hole (Kuwi)(DEDR 1412). Empty space: cu_n- withering, as of a limb (Ta.); [cf. cun.an:ku to be jaded (Ta.); jun.ugu crippled body (Ka.)(DEDR 2660)]; cu_n-ai that which is decayed; blemish, fault; a piece of unoccupied land (Ta.); cu_n-iyan- lame person, cripple (Ta.lex.) cu_n-iyam < s'u_nya non-existence, vacuity, vacuum, non-entity, nothingness (Ci. Po_. 7); cu_n-iya-man-ai deserted house, house in ruyins; bewitched ground, ground in which bewitched articles are buried (Ta.lex.) Grow fat: cin-ai (-pp-, -tt-) to rise in pimples as prickly heat, grow stout (Ta.); cin-aippu becoming pregnant, fatness (Ta.); taneyuni cattle or animals to be big with young (Tu.)(DEDR 2592). su_a swollen (Pkt.); s'uvlo (Gypsy); sumlo swelling after a blow, weal; sumlinu to swell, grow fat; sumi_ya_unu to beat severely (N.)(CDIAL 12563). cf. ku_n- hump on the back of the body; ku_n-al id. (Kampara_. Varaik. 34); ku_n-ai large earthen boiler (Kampara_. A_r-ucel. 49); ku_ni id. (Ka.); gu_na id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.)(DEDR 1927). cu_n- swelling; cu_n-am swelling of the abdomen (Tj.) (Ta.lex.)

3479.Old, decayed: ju_rn.a old, decayed (RV.); jun.n.a old, worn-out (Pkt.); junn time (P.); juna_ old and worn-out (Or.); ju_na ancient (OAw.); ju_n old; time, age; ju_na_ old, worn, thin (H.); ju_nu~ old (G.); ju_n fully mature (of plants, fruits, etc.); juna_ old (M.); ju_na old, ripe (Konkan.i); dun.u old (Si.)(CDIAL 5260). Ripe: hen- (-t-) to ripen, become ripe, be ripe (Pe.Mand..); ser.nba (ser.t-), ser.pa (ser.t-) id; senpa (sent-) to be ripe; semboli mature, ripened; senburi old, too ripe (Kui) (DEDR 2765). juner, junere~ old article of apparel (M.)(CDIAL 5261). junvat mature leaves, esp. of na_gavalli_ (M.)(CDIAL 5262). junvan mature (of leaves), old (of tree or plant)(M.)(CDIAL 5263). cf. cul.l.i dry twigs, esp. for fuel (Ta.)(DEDR 2706). su_r.. time, turn, season (Ka.); u_r.. that which is pristine, of long date (Ci_vaka. 1452); rule, established usage, long standing custom (Pur-ana_. 29); u_r..ilai dead, dry leaves (Ja_n-a_. 28,12); u_r..mai established rule, regulation (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 4,6,9); u_r.. maturity (Malaipat.u. 133); u_r..ttal to decay, as flesh, as fruits; to become putrid; to be spoiled; to rot, to fade (Malaipat.u. 174-180); u_r..pa_t.u coming to an end (Man.i. 30,37); u_r.. end, completion, termination (Man.i. 30,118)(Ta.lex.) Aeon: u_r..i time of universal deluge and destruction of all things, end of the world (Ci_vaka. 1157); aeon (Ci_vaka. 2581); very long time (Pu. Ve. 8,7); life-time (Pur-ana_. 135)(Ta.lex.) yuga_nta end of a generation, destruction of the world (MBh.); yuganta end of an age (Pali); yuyat (Si.)(CDIAL 10492). u_r.. (-v-, -nt-) to grow old; (-pp-, -tt-) to grow old (Ci_vaka. 1560); pass the prime of life; n. that which is of long date, karma, fruit of karma, time, turn, occasion, end, sun (Ven:kaikko_. 90)[cf. en-r--u_r.. summer, sunshine, sun (Ta.); en-r-u sun (Ta.) (DEDR 869)]; u_r..ttal opportunity, seasonable time; u_r..mai established rule; u_r..i end of the world, very long time, lifetime, world, fate, regular order; u_r..iyan- one who lives to a great age; God, who will live through the final destruction of the world; ket.al u_r.. evil fate (Ta.); u_r..ukka_ran undertaker of a lottery; u_r..am turn of duty, turn; u_r..i earth, world; u_t.u time, turn (Ma.)(DEDR 2736). u_r..iya_n- one who lives to a great age (Kampara_. Nat.pukko_t.. 4); God, one who will live through the final destruction of the world (Te_va_. 270,5)(Ta.lex.)

3481.Image: stand of a pot-shaped lamp used in temples: ce_n-ai-k-ka_l stand of a pot-shaped lamp used in temples, ko_yir-kut.ati_pakka_l (Ta.lex.) cf. ka_l pillar (Ma.)(DEDR 1479). cf. ka_l.al high flame (Ma.); ka_l to smart (Pa.)(DEDR 1500).

3482.Smallness: ki_na smallness (Ka.); want, deficiency, kur-ai (Ta.); ki_na_s'a small, little; niggardly (Ka.lex.) Image: timber as a lever: can-n-ai timber used as a lever to help the movement of temple car (J.); sanne, sonne id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Image: chip of wood: jhinu fine, small; chip of wood (N.); jhi_na_ thin (OAw.) (CDIAL 5395). sanne-ko_lu a lever (Te.)(DEDR 2425). cf. can-n-am minuteness, smallness (Ta.); sanna id. (Te.Ka.); can-n-am covert hits, hidden meaning; thin timbre (Ta.lex.) cf. cappai a spar of wood placed for the wheel of a car to run smoothly in a sandy road, rafter, a chip of wood (Ta.)(DEDR 2340). cf. ten-n-u (ten-n-i-) to rise, lift with a lever (Ta.); tend- to rise, be raised; tetip- (tetit-) to raise (Pa.); t.et.p- (t.et.t-) to raise, lift; te_t.p- (te_t.up-) to lift (Ga.); te_d-, te_d.a_na_ to rise; tehta_na_ to cause to rise, build a house; te_h- to lift, rouse; te_(h)- to make to rise; teha_na_, ta_ha_na_ to lift; teh- to rouse from sleep, revive to life (Go.); te_tna_ (te_tcas/tettas) to assist a woman in raising a load to her head (Kur.)(DEDR 3450). te_r temple car (Ta.lex.) kene kene gently; kenek silent (Go.); kin silence; kin inba to be silent; kin ispa to silence (Kui)(DEDR 1988). Image: to tear, crack knuckles: cf. kinn- (kinni-) to tear into strips (rags, plantain or screwpine leaves)(Kod..); kini- (kinit-) to break into pieces; kink- (kinikt-) id. (Kol.); kinup- to break, crack knuckles (Nk.)(DEDR 1604). cf. ce_nu crop-land (Te.lex.) Image: support for vine: s'en support for vine, pergola (Kho.); s'en garden (D..); s'e_n (Wot..)(CDIAL 12323). sa_nkou, sa_nkva_ bridge (Kon.lex.) Smooth; delicate; small; child: san.ha smooth, gentle (Pali); sakhina gentle (As'.); san.ha, lan.ha, sahin.a smooth, fine, small (Pkt.); sano fine, thin, small (Gypsy); sana thin (Pas'.); s'rn^u, srn^u soft, damp (K.); sanho fine, thin, minute (S.); sa_han, sa_na_, laha_n, laha_na_ small (M.); sa_nu (Konkan.i); sihin fine, thin (Si.); cha_nha_ mean; slave (P.); sya_no young, childish (Ku.); s'laks.n.a slippery, smooth, soft, tender, gentle (AV.); thin, small (Skt.); s'laks.n.ika_ (AV.)(CDIAL 12732). Fine; thin; fine cloth: jin.agu, jin.ugu, jinagu, jinugu fineness or thinness (as of texture, thread, powder, written letters, etc.)(Ka.); jiluvu fine cloth; small, slight, fine, delicate (Te.); jilu~gu id. (Te.)(DEDR 2519). cil fine, nun.maiya_na (Tiru-k-ko_. 196, Urai)(Ta.lex.) jhi_n.a thin (OMarw.); thin, wasted away (Pkt.); jhi_n.a_ weak, feeble (P.); jhi_n.o gentle, slight, weak (S.); jhinu fine, small; chip of wood (N.); jhi_na_ thin (OAw.); jhi_na_ thin, wasted (H.); jhin.a_ rubbed fine (M.); jhi_n.u~ fine, small, thin (G.); jhin.n.a thin, wasted away (Pkt.); jhina thin and delicate (Or.)(CDIAL 5395). kin small (To.); kinkin.i beral.u little finger (Ka.); kin.n.e boy (Kod..); kinni small, young; the young of an animal, smallness; kinyavu the young of an animal, a little thing; kinyapp mother's younger sister; kinyamme father's younger brother; kinkana, kin:kan.a a little kinuru, kinaru, kinalu a bit, trifle (Tu.); kinnige younger one; kinyo small (Kor.)(DEDR 1603). cin-n-a small, little, inferior, mean, low, young; cin-n-am smallness, minuteness, anything small; cin-n-i small child, little thing, a small measure (Ta.); cinna small (Ma.); cinnan a short man; cinampu a little; cinakku a bit (Ma.); cin.i, cin.n.i, cin.n.e smallness, shortness; cin.n.a a little one, a boy; cina smallness, small pieces; cinna, jinna smallness, etc. (Ka.); cin.n.i small; cenna a little (Kod..); cinna small, little, young, younger, petty, mean, trifling, trivial; cinna~danamu smallness, childhood, youth; cinnadi girl, lass; cinnava~_d.u boy, young man, one who is younger; cinni small, little, pretty (Te.); sinnam small, young, younger; cinni small (Kol.); s'inna(m) little (Nk.); cin little; cind, cind. son (Pa.); sini vande little finger; sind. son; cind.u, sind.u (pl. cind.i_l, sind.i_l) id.; cin makil children (Ga.); cini and.ki little finger (Go.); cunak small; cuna_ child (Br.); cinka_ small, tiny; cimka_ (M.)(DEDR 2594). cunut. narrow (Dm.); cun.n.o thin (Phal.); cun.d.ati becomes small (Dha_tup.)(CDIAL 4859). ci_na a little of anything, a short time (Gypsy); cun.a thin, smooth (Dm.); cun, cin narrow (Tor.); cun.n.o small (Phal.); cun.u, cni, cini small (Sh.); cu_na, cu_ni (D..); cuna_ (B.); ci_no small (Par.)(CDIAL 4889). Small; smooth; minute; to make very small as beads: nannha_, nanna_ small, young (P.); na_no (Ku.); sa_nu small; sa_khine dwarfish; na_ni little girl (N.); nanna_ tiny (B.); sa_na small, youngest (Or.); nanua_ young, child; na_nhit.a_ childhood (Mth.); na_nh, na_nha_ small, light; nan(n)ha_ small (H.); na_nhu_m. small, light (OG.); na_hnu_, na_nu~ small (G.)(CDIAL 12732). For semant. 'smooth, minute' cf.: nun. minute, fine, etc. (Ta.); nun.pu, nun.mai, nun.uku, nun.n.imai minuteness, smallness, slenderness, sharpness, refinement, nicety, exquisiteness (as in workmanship), acuteness, subtlety, discrimination, precision, accuracy, delicacies, dainties, mystery; nun.n.iya_n- person of acute intellect, quick parts or subtle discrimination, minister; nun.akkam sharpness, minuteness, subtlety, fineness; nun.an:kiyo_r persons or subtle or sharp intellect; nun.an:ku (nun.an:ki-) to be thin, minute, attenuated, be subtle, fine, refined; n. minuteness, subtlety, fineness; nun.i (-v-, -nt-) to waste away, be thinned down; (-pp-, -tt-) to sharpen to a point, powder, examine carefully; n. a point; nun.ukkam fineness, minuteness, sharpness, acuteness, acumen, subtlety, exquisiteness (as of work), niggardliness; nun.ukku (nun.ukki-) to make very small (as beads), powder, pulverize, pound, grind, shatter to pieces, write a small hand, be niggardly, stint, sharpen to a point, sharpen the wits, execute minutely or finely (as a work); n. smallness, fineness, subtlety, any small or minute thing, small handwriting; un.ukku to powder ( = nun.ukku); nun.uku (nun.uki-) to be slender, delicate (as a woman's waist), be minute, become thin, be sharp, keen, acute (as one's intellect); nun.un:ku (nun.un:ki-) id., be powdered, pulverized, sing softly, as a tune; n. powder; nun.avai flour of rice and other grains, a ball of sesame confection; nuvan.ai minuteness, fineness, flour; nut.pam minuteness, fineness, subtlety, insight, acuteness, precision, accuracy, an invisible planet, minute point of time, a figure of speech which expresses an idea by implication, a critical commentary; nut.an:ku (nut.an:ki-) to be fine, thin, attenuated; n. thinness, smallness; nur..ai (-v-, -nt-) to be minute, fine, be keen, acute, make innuendoes; n. minuteness, fineness, intellectual sharpness; nur..aivu minuteness, fineness, keen understanding or perception; nu_r..ai acuteness, fineness, minuteness (Ta.); nun.ma minuteness; nuppam fine texture of cloth (Ma.); nunk- (nunky-) to cut a small piece from dried meat to make broth (implies poverty)(Ko.); nun. smoothness, softness, fineness, niceness, neatness, subtlety, gentleness, etc.; nun.upu, nun.pu, numpu smoothness, delicateness, fineness; nun.n.age, nun.n.ane smooth, smoothness, state of being powdered, state of being smooth by shaving, baldness, bald; nun.n.itu, nun.n.ittu that is smooth, etc. (Ka.); non.n.a, non.n.ag soft, nice (Tu.); nunu- smooth, gentle; nunupu smoothness, smooth; nunupari smooth, polished; nunna, nunnani smooth; nunnana smoothness (Te.); nunana softly (Kond.a)(DEDR 3700).

3483.Small: cinagu, jin.agu, jin.ugu, jinugu fineness or thinness, as of texture, thread, powder, written letters (Ka.); cayikka (Ta.); jinaka_, jinula_ small-sized, small and tiny, as a child (M.)(Ka.lex.)

3484.Deliberation: ki_n.a consideration, deliberation (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3485.Cultivating: ki_na_s'a cultivating the soil; a servant, kin:kara (Ka.); killing animals for one's food (Ka.); Yama (Ka.Skt.) (Ka.lex.)

3486.Yama's residence: ki_na_s'a-nagari Yama's residence; ki_na_s'a-na_s'a S'iva (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3487.Image: saddle: ji_na, ji_ni, ji_nu a saddle (Ka.); ji_na id. (M.H.); ji_n (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) ci_n-i < zi_n (U.) saddle; cin-i-kat.t.utal to saddle a horse (Ta.); cf. ce_n.am saddle of cloth or leather (Ta.lex.)

3488.Salutation: Öji win (Skt.); cf. jina_ti conquers (Pali)(CDIAL 5226). jin.em. to win (OM.)(CDIAL 5224). jio said when returning the salutation of a younger person or an inferior (Santali.lex.) -ji (adj. -suffix) [From jayati to conquer] winning, victorious; sanga_ma-ji victorious in fight; sanga_maj'uttama greatest of conquerors; sabba-ji (Pali.lex.) jiti victory (RV. x.53.11; jinva to quicken, excite, support (RV. viii.84.7); jis.e_ victorious (RV. x.111.3)(Vedic.lex.) jayati (jeti, jina_ti) [Skt. jayati, ji to have power, to conquer] to conquer, to surpass; jeyya, jine; 3rd pl. jineyyun (opp. para_jeyyn); ppr. jayan; fut. jessati, jinissati; aor. jini; pl. jininsu (opp. para_jinsu); inf. jinitun; grd. jeyya; jinitabba, jetabba; pass. ji_yati; caus. jaya_peti to wish victory to, to hail (as a respectful greeting to a king); jita [pp. of jayati conquer] conquered, subdued, mastered; victory; jitatta mastery, conquest; jina [pp. of jayati] conquering, victorious, often of the Buddha, 'victor'; magga-jina conqueror of the Path; jina-cakka the Buddha's reign, rule, authority; jina-putta disciple of the Buddha; jina-bhu_mi the ground or footing of a conqueror; jina-sa_sana the doctrine of the Buddha; ja_payati to cause to rob, to incite, to plunder; pp. jina, jita; jaya vanquishing, overcoming, victory; jaya-ggaha the lucky die; para_aya victory and defeat; jaya-pa_na the drink of victory, carousing; jaya-sumana victory's joy (Pali.lex.) jina~u to cause to recover, to revivify, to reanimate, to succeed; jind, jid to endeavour, to persevere; uniak katha jindgetaea his word has got the victory (Santali.lex.) jina victorious, triumphant; very old; a generic term applied o a chief Bauddha or Jaina saint; name applied to Arhats of the Jainas; a very old man; an epithet of Vis.n.u; jina-sadman a Jaina temple; ji_rn.a old, ancient (Skt.lex.) ja_yin conquering (S'Br. xiv); ja_yu victor (RV. i.67.1) (Vedic.lex.) jina, jinna, jinne victorious, triumphant; steady, brave; a guru, a worthy person; a saint of the Bauddha sect or a Jain asaint, an arhat, a chief saint of the Jainas, who count 24 jinas; vis.n.u or kr.s.n.a; jinayati, jinamuni ascetic, devotee, a Jain saint; jinapa, jine_ndra, jine_s'vara an Arhat; {Echo word} jina gina Arhats and others; jina gr.ha a Jaina monastery; a Jaina temple; jina pratime image of a jina; jina samaya a member of the Jaina congregation (Ka.lex.) jinne_ de_va dharma-ra_ja, jina, buddha; jinna, jinne (Tadbhava of jina)(Ka.lex.) Syonym: arhat a Jaina saint or divinity (Ka.Skt); a_rhata, a_ruhata belonging to the doctrine of ji_na or Jainas; a follower of jina; a Jaina (Ka.lex.) For semant. 'old' cf. a_rs.e_ya relating to r.s.iss; very ancient (Ka.lex.) cf. ce_n.ikan- < s're_n.i an illustrious Jain king; Indra (Nan-. 289, Mayilai.)(Ta.lex.) cin-kar < jinaka Jains (Te_va_. 859,6); cin-akaran < jino + gr.ha Jaina temple (Ci_vaka. 1248); temple (Kantapu. Tiruvara. 11); palace, royal residence (Kantapu. Iran.t.a_m. Yut. 386)(Ta.lex.)

3491.A metal: ci_n-accet.t.i a kind of metal (Ta.Ma.)(Ta.lex.)

3492.Image: fryig pan: ci_n-i-ccat.t.i frying pan (Ta.lex.)

3493.Landed property; moist soil: ji_va_l land granted (OSi.)(CDIAL 5251). jiol always moist, as soil; jiar. id., retentive of life; noa sod.ok jiar.gea the bottom of this ravine is always moist; jiar. khet kana it is a field that is always moist (Santali.lex.) ks.i abode; ks.ita_ the earth; ks.iti the earth; a dwelling, an abode, a house; ks.it ruling, a ruler (Skt.lex.) ks.iti an abode; the earth (Skt.Ka.); earth, soil; a field; a certain high number, kharva (Ka.lex.) ji_vala living, full of life (AV. vi.59.3); ji_va_ livelihood (AV. xix.69.1)(Vedic.lex.)

3494.Image: a horn: ks.idra a horn (Skt.lex.) ji_va-vis.a_n.a horn of a living animal (A_pGS. xxiii.6)(Vedic.lex.) cinnan:ga_l.e, jinaga_l.e a small ka_l.e or trumpet usually blow in pairs by one person (Ka.lex.) ci_ni-va_dya a pipe played by Muslims (Tu.lex.) cin-n-am a kind of trumpet (Tiruva_ca. 7,7); cin-n-amu_ti royal herald who proclaims by trumpet king's commands to his army (Cilap. 8,13, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)

3495.Image: wolf: cenna-na_ya a wolf (Tu.lex.)

3496.A game: cenne a kind of game with cowries; cenne-mane a board with two rows of seven pits with which the game is played (Tu.lex.)

3497.Image: fish: jhin:ga_, jhi_n:ga_ a shrimp, a cray fish (P.lex.) cinai a large sea-fish (Kantapu. E_ma. 25)(Ta.lex.) jiol hako a species of fish (Santali.lex.)

3498.Image: sieve: jinjri a kind of fish trap, lattice work, pierced with holes as a sieve; jhimbri a fish trap made of finely split bamboo; this trap is baited and set. It has a small door which a fish can push open to admit of its entering, but which cannot be opened to afford egress (Santali.lex.)

3499.Wares, goods: jinasu, jinisu, ji_nasu, dinasu, dinisu, dinusu an artlcle; wares, goods; a thing in general (Ka.); jinnasa (M.H.); jinissu (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) Property, article: jinis a thing, an article, property, goods, wealth; bese jinis akata he has gathered much wealth; mitt.an. jinis akguin calak kana I am going to bring a certain article (Santali.lex.) jins articles, goods, merchandise, moveables; grain, corn (P.lex.) cf. jina, jinisu, jinusu, ji_nasu, dinasu, dinisu, dinusu an artlcle; wares, goods; a thing in general (Ka.); jinnasa (M.H.); tinuju (Te.); jinissu (Ma.); jindagi, jindaga_ni, jindagi_n.i goods and chattels, one's estate; articles of property and animals as distinguished from lands (Ka.M.H.); jindaga_n.i_ (M.H.); jindaga_ni (Te.)(Ka.lex.) jinos, jinsa_ manner; yeka jinsa_tso uniform, the same (Kon.lex.) jinsa_ various, of all kinds (Kon.lex.) ja_ne, da_ni, da_ne what pron. (Tu.lex.)

3500.Grain: jinasi, dinasi grain (Ka.lex.) tin-ai Italian millet, cereal, setaria italicum (Kalit. 108,33); a very small measure, as a grain of millet; a trifle (Kur-al., 10); tin-aippun-am millet field; tin-aiyarici husked millet (Pata_rtta. 831); tin-ai-yal.avu very small quantity, as much as a grain of millet (Kur-al., 1282, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) cinni minute particles of togari given as food to cattle (Ka.); cu_n.a husks and fragments given as food to cattle (M.)(Ka.lex.)

3502.Fee; fine: je~o fee, in paddy, paid to blacksmith, barber etc. (Santali.lex.) jayati to pillage, rob, to overpower; For semant. 'rob' cf. janti in jantiya_ (for ja_niya_) = ha_ni abandonment, giviing up, payment, fine; ja_ni deprivation, loss, confiscation of property; plundering, robbery; using force, ill-treatment (Pali.lex.) ji_na [pp. of ji_yati] diminished, wasted, having lost; robbed of their possessions; ji_na_dhana_ (Pali.lex.)

3503.Wife: jani wife = gna_ (RV. i.85.1); jani-ka_ma wishing for a wife (AV. ii.30.5); janiyati seeks a wife (AV. xiv.2.72); jani-vant married (RV. v.44.7); jani_ woman, a daughter-in-law; jani_yant (RV. iv.17.16); ja_ya_ wife (RV. i.66.5)(Vedic.lex.) ja_ni wife; ja_nipatayo pl. wife and husband; ja_yampatika_, ja_ya_pati_ pl. wife and husband; ja_ya_, ja_yika_ [from jan] wife; janani_ mother; janetti_ mother [genitor (Eng.); genetrix; Skt. janitri_] petti-janetti_, pitri-janetti_ (Pali.lex.)

3504.To accumulate: cina_ti [Skt. cinoti, cayati, ci, to which also ka_ya; cf. caya, cita] to heap up, to collect, to accumulate; inf. cinitun; pp. cita; pass. ci_yati] caus. cina_peti to construct, to build; cina_ti to weave (?vina_ti); pacinati to pick, pluck, gaher, take up, collect, accumulate; ci_yati to be gathered, to be heaped up; cita heaped; line or faced with (Pali.lex.) chin.n to arrange, pile up, lay (bricks); chin.a_i_ laying bricks, arranging; compensation for brick laying (P.lex.)

3505.Performed: cin.n.a done, performed, practised; su-cin.n.a well performed, accomplished; cin.n.a-vasin one who has reached mastership; cin.n.atta custom, habit (Pali.lex.) ci_rn.a done, performed, observed; studied, repeated (Skt.lex.)

3507.Lineage; life, livelihood: cinparco to establish relationship by declaring name and lineage; cinha monda, cinha munda, cin mun.d. vestige, proof; a portion, a horn, a hoof etc. of an animal, which has been devoured by wild beasts rescued and shown to the owner as proof thereof; cinman ho~ ban. namok kana not a vestige even is forthcoming (to show that the animal has been devoured by wild beasts); cinha, cin a sign, a mark; cikhna a sign, a mark, a remembrance, a memento; horok cikhna to betroth; cikhnawakme mark it; uni hor. do noa khan.d.a cikhnai doho ot.o adina he left this thing with me as a memento; horok to put on the person, as a coat, ring, earrings, bracelets, a hat etc. horok cikhna betrothal ceremony; horok den:ganak, horok bandenak clothes in general (Santali.lex.) cf. cihna mark, spot, stamp, symbol; emblem, badge, symptom; stamp, print, impression; cihnita marked, signed, stamped, bearing the badges of an office (Skt.lex.) jin.i, jin.iye, ji_n. life (time of life); ji_vit life; jin.iye bora_p biography (Kon.lex.) cf. ji_n. life (WPah.); jiuni livelihood (Or.)(CDIAL 5243). jantu [Vedic jantu] a creature, living being, man, person; janati to (be able to) produce; ji_vati [Vedic ji_vati; Dhp. 282; Lat. vi_vo; Goth. ga-quiunan; MHG. quicken; Eng. quicken] to live, be alive, live by, subsist on; imper. pres. ji_va very frequently with ciran live long..., as a salutation ad thanksgiving; ciran ji_va, ciran ji_va_hi, ciran ji_vantu; ppr. ji_van, ji_vama_na; inf. ji_vitun; ji_vare; ji_vana, ji_va_na living, means of subsistence, livelihood; ji_vama_naka living, alive; ji_vika_ living, livelihood; ji_vika_n kappeti to find or get one's living; ji_vita (individual) life, lifetime, span of life; living, livelihood; ji_vita-da_na the gift of life, saving or sparing life; ji_vin living, leading a life (of...) (Pali.lex.) jan janwar a living creature, an animal; janwar an animal; bir janwar a wild animal; ato janwar a domesticated animal; jivi life, soul (Santali.lex.) jin.da_ < zin.dagi_ (Pers.) life, life-time (P.lex.) jin.jara_ra_ the ceremony of second marriage of a woman (P.lex.)

3508.Image: stubble: jin.dh, jin.dha_ the stubble in a cornfield (P.lex.)

3509.Image: quickness: cin:gi cin:gir quickly, briskly, nimbly (Santali.lex.)

3510.Image: a partridge: ji_van-ji_vaka, ji_vaji_vaka, ji_vaji_vaka onom. name of a bird, a sort of pheasant (or partridge?) which utters a note sounding like ji_van ji_va; ji_vanji_ven.a gacchai ji_vanji_venan cit.t.hai [Jain phrase translated as: 'living he goes with life' or 'he goes like the bird?'] (Pali.lex.) jion the tailor bird; jian., jiam id., orthotomus sutorius, so called from its note (Santali.lex.) chin.agi_ a kind of partridge; chi_n. chi_n. a scream, a shriek (P.lex.)

3511.Intelligence: cinnidhi, cinnidha_na a treasure of intelligence; cinmaya, cinumaya intelligence; cf. chit (Skt.) (Ka.lex.) ja_na adj. knowing,knowable, understandble [to ja_; cf. ja_na_ti to know (Pali); nosco, notus, (i)gnarus (Lat.); i-gnorant (Eng.); kunnan (Gothic); kennan (OHG.); ena_wan to know (Ags.); cf. Vedic roots ja_na_ti, ja_na_ti]; ja_nana knowledge, cognizance, recognition, intelligence; vija_na understanding (Pali.lex.) ja_n.e a skilful person m. and f. (Tu.lex.)

3513.Ghost: jinn one of the genii, a ghost; jinnat < jannat (Arabic) paradise, heaven (P.lex.) jin a spirit, a ghost; jiu id. this is usually inanimate, except when supposed to appear; t.hakur jiu the god spirit, creator spirit; sonot jiu the holy spirit (Santali.lex.)

3519.Polish: sapa_yi polish, gloss (Ka.); sapha_i_ (M.H.); sapa_yi smoothness; cleanness, neatness, elegance (Ka.M.H.)(Ka.lex.)

3520.White: saphedu white or clear and bright white (Ka.); saphe_ta, saphe_da (M.H.0; saphe_ta_ ceruse or white lead (M.H.)(Ka.lex.)

3522.To manage: samba_l.isu, sama_l.isu to manage, to use address in bringing about a purpose (Ka.); sambal.incu, samba_l.incu (Te. <); sambha_lna_ (H.); samba_l.isu to support, to preserve, to take care of, to uphold (Ka.); sambha_l.an.e_m. (M.)(Ka.lex.) sambal.a, sambala pay, salary (monthly or yearly)(Ka.); sambal.adava a man who receives a monthly or yearly pay (Ka.lex.)

3523.Mutter; pray: jalp mutter (Skt.); jalpa talk (MBh.); jappa muttering esp. prayers and incantations (Pali.Pkt.); ja_p muttering, incantation (Ku.N.B.); ja_pa (Or.); ja_p (H.P.G.); utterance, petition to an idol (M.)(CDIAL 5162). jalpati mutters (S'Br.); jappati (Pali); jalpita, jalpidemi (NiDoc.); jappai, jam.pai speaks, talks, abuses (Pkt.); jam.ph, japh (Khot.); zapun to pray (K.); ja_pab to mutter, recite (Mth.); ja_pn.e~, ja~_pn.e~ to tell, say, cry out (in confession or promise)(M.); dapanava_ to utter incantations (Si.)(CDIAL 5163). jalpi muttering (of prayers)(RV.); low-voiced speech (AV.); jam with, esp. good wish, blessing; jan curse (Gypsy)(CDIAL 5164). capam recitation of mantras, prayer (Piramo_t. Civayo_ki. 4); capatam < s'apatha asseveration by oath, vow (Ira_mana_. Uyut. 57)(Ta.lex.) To declare, say; incantation: jon.u, pres. part. juto to say (WPah.); jap mutter (Skt.); japati mutters (RV.); mumbles, recites (Pali); javai (Pkt.); zi declarative conjunction annexing substance of a speech, etc. to the principal sentence (lit. 'having said')(K.)(CDIAL 5120). capittal < s'ap to curse, utter an imprecation (Uttarara_. Tikkuvi. 94); capittal < jap to recite, as mantras; to pray; ca_pam curse, imprecation (Kampara_. Akalikai. 7); ca_pa-mo_can-am deliverance or release from a curse (Kur-r-a_. Tala. Tiriku_t.amalai. 46)(Ta.lex.) japita muttered (MBh.); javia id.; recitation (Pkt.); zo_ it was said (K.); jou~ what was said (WPah.); divi vow, oath (Si.)(CDIAL 5121). zapun (pp. of zo_ < japita) to say (K.); zabun^u, zabn.o_ (K.)(CDIAL 5123). con--a_n-am (col +) words of wisdom (Na_lat.i, 311); con--makal. Sarasvati_, as the goddess of speech (Pu. Ve. 9,48, Urai.); con--mat.antai id. (Pu. Ve. Kat.avul.. 1); con--ma_lai encomium, eulogy, praise; laudatory poem, panegyric (Tiv. Iyar-. 1,1); cor-r-a_mam (col + ta_mam < da_man rope, string) id. (Tirut. Pu. Ca_. 43)(Ta.lex.) col word, term (Tol. Col. 158); saying, speech (Na_lat.i, 100); proverb, maxim (Cilap. 20, Ven.pa_.); declaration, promise, assurance (Kampara_. Kukap. 15); praise, encomium, panegyric (Kur-al., 387); id. (Ma.); incantation (Pu. Ve. 12, Ven-r-ip. 9); curse (Kampara_. Ta_t.akai. 72); command, direction (Kampara_. Nakarni_n:ku. 140); Sarasvati_, as goddess of speech (Tol. Col. 57, Ce_n-a_.)(Ta.); collutal to say, speak, tell, mention, utter, express (Kur-al., 664); to recite, repeate, relate, quote (Ta.); to inform (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 9,9,7); to praise (Kampara_. Ma_ri_ca. 73); collatika_ram section dealing with etymology (Tol.); col-l-ilakkan.am etymology; cor--porul.-virittal elaborating the etymological significance of a word in a treatise, one of 32 utti (Nan-. 14); collar-pa_t.u speaking, mentioning (Tol. Po. 310, Urai.); colla_t.u to speak, talk (Kur-al., 405); colavu saying, telling (Mutu. Ka_. 87); colle_r-ur..uva lit. those who plough with words; king's ministers (Kur-al, 872); col-vakai classification of words into parts of speech (Nan-. 21); col-van-mai eloquence, command of language (Kur-al., 65, Ati.); cor--cer-ivu wealth of words (Cilap. 3,67, Urai.); cor--patam state of being described in words (Tiruvil.ai. Varakun.a. 23); implication, suggestion (Tirukko_. 61); cor--pa_t.u agreement, mutual understanding (Te_va_. 677,7); cor-pu speaking, saying (Kampara_. Nakarni_. 16); cor-r-al saying, telling (Kampara_. Por..ilir-ut. 58)(Ta.lex.) cf. col (colv-/colluv-, colli-) to say, speak (Ta.); col word, command, advice, praise, fame; colluka (colli-, conn-), celluka to say, declare, order; collikka to cause to say, repeat, read (Ma.); col command (Ko.); sol, sollu to say, speak, tell; n. word; sollisu to say, speak, tell; cause oneself to be said, be said, cause to speak, have said or told (Ka.); colli name (Kod..); cul- to say (Pa.); jo_l-, jo_linai to speak; jo_lali to answer; jo_lki aiyali to discuss, talk; jolpu speech (Kuwi)(DEDR 2855). Praise: s'la_ghate_ values (S'Br.); vaunts (A_past.); praises (MBh.); sila_ghati praises (Pali); sala~_hai, la_hai, ger. sila_han.ijja-, sa_han.i_a- (Pkt.); sara_han.u, sa_ra_han.u (S.); sala_hn.a_, sara_hun.a_, sra_uhna_ (P.); sar(h)a_unu to thank; sar(h)a_inu to be praised (N.); sara_hai praises (OAw.); sara_hna_ (H.); sara_i (OMarw.); sara_hvu~ (G.)(CDIAL 12734). s'la_ghya to be praised (MBh.); saggha praiseworthy (Pkt.); sara_hi_ admirable, charming (G.)(CDIAL 12737). s'la_ghana boasting (MBh.); sala_han.a praise (Pkt.); sarha_ni, sara_ni (N.); sara_han (H.)(CDIAL 12735). sala_ha_, sila_ha_, sa_ha_ praise (Pkt.); s'la_gha_ boasting, praise (MBh.); sa_ra_ha (S.); sara_h (H.G.)(CDIAL 12736). Sound; cry, shout, voice: s'ravas renown (RV.); sound (BhP.); sava renown (Pkt.); s.o information (Ash.); s.u_ (Pr.Kt.); sova singing (Si.)(CDIAL 12689). s'ra_va hearing (Skt.); s'ra_vaka a sound audible from afar (Skt.); ca_ cry, shout, voice (Wg.)(CDIAL 12696). ca_ voice, cry, call (Ash.); ca_ la_ to call (Ash.); ca_ li- to call out (Pr.); ca_ kro~i called out (Wg.)(CDIAL 14823). cf. car-r-u (ca_r-r-i-) to publish, announce, explain in detail, speak, praise; n. proclaiming, declaring, sound (Ta.)(DEDR 2486).

3524.Canopy: cappara, capra a frame thrown over houses to form the roof (Ka.Te.); chappara (M.); cappara a shed (Ka.Ma.Te.); a temporary hut (M.); a court-yard (Ka.); a thatched or tiled roof (Ka.M.Te.Ma.); a trellis (Ka.Te.); the canopy of a bedstead (Ka.Te.Ta.Ma.M.); cappara-maca a canopied bedstead; nad.a-cappara, nad.e-cappara a litter with a canopy over it (Ka.lex.)

3525.Insipid: cappai that which is insipid or tasteless; capp-en-al onom. expr. signifying insipidity; cappat.t.ai flatness, emptiness, hollowness (Ta.); cappat.t.a vapid, flat, insipid (Ma.); cap, capi.l.y tastelessness of broth without salt (Ko.); cappage, sappage, sappane flat, vapid, insipid, full, inert; insipidity, etc.; cappe, sappe flatness, insipidness, state of being spiritless, dull, flat, inert, etc. (Ka.); cappe tasteless, insipid (Kod..); cappat.u tasteless, insipid, bad, worthless; capp tasteless, unsavoury; jaul., jemb tasteless, insipid (Tu.); cappa tasteless, insipid, vapid, flat, dull; cappa~ga_ tastelessly, insipidly; cappana tastelessness, insipidity; cappani tasteless, insipid, flat, dull; cappid.i insipid, tasteless, saltless (Te.); sappe tasteless, insipid (Nk.); capre id. (Pa.); sapre id.; sapre_t.i, sapra_, sappan id. (Ga.); sapra insipid (Kond.a); hapili, hapli id., saltless (Kuwi); capat.a arasah- (Skt.); sapak insipid, unsavory, wanting the requisite saltness or sweetness (M.); cappo flat, insipid (Konkan.i)(DEDR 2337). cappo insipid, without salt; cappepon. insipidity (Kon.lex.)

3526.Shoe: ceruppu sandal, slipper, shoe (Ta.); cerippu id. (Ma.); kevr id. (Ko.); kerf id. (To.); kera, keravu, kerahu, kerpu id. (Ka.); ceppu id. (Te.); kerri shoe (Kol.Nk.); boot (Nk.); keri (pl. -gu), kerig shoe, slipper (Nk.); cerup, cerpu sandal (Pa.); serpum, sarpum, sarpo, sarpu (pl. -hk), herpunj, harpunj (pl. harpusk), erpunj (pl. erpusk), erpum shoe, sandal (Go.); sepu shoe (Kond.a); seppu, seppu_ shoe; cepunga sandals (Kuwi); kharpa_ straps (without sole) crossed over and worn round the ankle (Kur.); cappu_, cappal sandal, capora_ (H.)(DEDR 1963).

3527.Recommendation: s'ipa_rasu recommendation; patronage (Ka.Te.); s'ipha_rasa (M.H.)(Ka.lex.)

3528.Image: oyster-shell: simpe, simpi, cimpi [Tadbhava of s'impa_ (M.)] an oyster shell; simpi a pearl-oyster etc. (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cippi shell (Ta.); s'ippi (Pkt.); s'ukti (Skt.)(Ta.lex.) simpi, simpye shell (of fishes); kongo shell of molluscs; simpi ka_d. to shell (Kon.lex.) Shell: khubo, khubea_ a kind of shell-fish (Kon.lex.) kirpi shell (Mand..); kirpa_, girpa skull (Kuwi); kipra a snail's shell (Pa.); kipri shell (of snail, etc.); skull (Pe.)(DEDR 1555). [cf. Image: oyster shell kil.incil oyster-shell, bivalve, mussel (Ta.); kil.ici a shell-fish (Ma..); kil.iil oyster shell (Ma.)(DEDR 1585).] sippi_, sippika_ pearl oyster (Pali); sippi_ (Pkt.); sipa (S.); sipp shell (L.); sippi_ shell, spathe of date palm; sip, sippi_ bivalve shell (L.); sipp, sippi_ shell, conch (P.); si_p, si_pi shell (Ku.); sipi shell, snail shell (N.); sipa oyster shell, mother-of-pearl, shells burnt for lime (Or.); si_pi_ mussel shells for lime (Bi.); si_pa bivalve shell (OAw.); si_p (H.); half an oyster shell (G.); chi_p shell (G.); s'i_p, s'i~p a half shell (M.); sippiya oyster shell (Si.); s'i~pa_ oyster shell (M.)(CDIAL 13417). ippi pearl-oyster, shell (Ta.); cippi shell, shellfish, coconut shell for measuring out curds (Ta.); ippi, cippi oyster shell (Ma.); cippu, sippu, cimpi, cimpe, simpi, simpu, simpe oyster shell, mussel, cockle, a portion of the shell of a cocnut, skull, a pearl oyster; cippi coconut shell (Ka.); cippi coconut shell, oyster shell, pearl; tippi, sippi coconut shell (Tu.); cippa a shell; (kobbari cippa) coconut shell; (mo_ka_li cippa) knee-pan, patella; (tala cippa) skull; (muttepu cippa) mother-of-pearl (Te.); ipi shell, conch (Go.)(DEDR 2535).

3529.Image: crawfish: coppo_, coppo_ injo_ crawfish (Kur.); cope-minu cuttlefish (Malt.)(DEDR 2848).

3530.Treasure; image: casket; a swift canoe; image: a libation pot: sip libation pot; chip a kind of swift canoe (B.)(CDIAL 13417). ceppu casket, little box of metal, ivory or wood, a kind of water-vessel, toy utensil (Ta.); a small round box of any material to hold jewelry, metal cover of the breasts, treasure (Ma.); ceppi small round metal box with lid (Kod..)(DEDR 2772). For semant. 'swift' cf. ks.ipra springing (of a bow)(RV.); quick (S'Br.); ks.ipram. quickly (AV.); chippa (Pkt.); khippa (Pali.Pkt.)(CDIAL 3688). cappuna quickly, at once, promptly (Te.); japne, jhap, jappe, japi quickly (Go.); capna_ (cappyas) to hurry (Kur.)(DEDR 2336).

3531.Red colouring arnotto: Bixa orellana: latkan (H.B.); sinduri (Skt.); shendi (M.); japhar (Ta.Te.); fruit: astringent, purgative; root bark: antiperiodic, antipyretic; seeds: cordial, astringent, febrifuge, good remedy for gonorrhea, antiperiodic, antipyretic; leaves: in jaundice and snake-bite; colouring matter, bixin; habitat: cultivated to a small extent in Mysore and is grown in Indian gardens as a hedge plant; occurs as an escape in Travancore, Coromandel and Malabar coasts and in some districts of Bombay, Bengal and Assam (GIMP, p.38). The seeds are used locally for colouring food. The colouring matter of the fruit, annatto, is employed commercially for colouring butter and in the preparation of various polishes for russet leather. According to Burkill, the roots impart to meat the taste and colour of saffron. A fairly good fiber may be obtained from the bark. Etti reports that the colouring matter in the seeds is bixin. The leaves and dye are official in the Dutch and Mexican pharmacopoeias... The red, resinous substance of the seeds is considered an efficient remedy for certain skin diseases... The leaves are a popular febrifuge in Cambodia. (Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, pp.623-624).

3532.Root of lotus: s'ipha_-kanda the root of a water lily, karaha_t.a: the bulbous root of a lotus (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.)

3533.Image: boa constrictor: sabara ban.igi ha_vu the rock-snake, the boa constrictor, python molorus (Ka.lex.)

3534.Image: spear: sabal.a (Tatsama) a spear, a lance, a pike; pra_sa, kunta, konta, d.on:kan.i; i_t.t.i (Ka.lex.)

3535.Anethum panmorium: sabbasige a sort of fennel, anethum panmorium; s'a_le_ya, s'i_tas'iva, bhatre; a sort of dill or fennel, anethum sowa; s'atapus.pe; sadaguppe, sada_pa (Ka.lex.)

3536.Sago: sabbu sago (Ka.); sa_gu, sa_gu_ (M.H.); saggu, sabbu (Te.); cavvu (Te.); sabbakki sago (Ka.); cavvarici (Te.)(Ka.lex.) cf. yava barley (Skt.lex.)

3538.Image: all sorts of beasts: s'aba all sorts of beasts; na_na_mr.gan:gal.; akhilamr.ga (Ka.lex.) saba_r many, much (Kon.lex.) s'abali a spotted cow; the ka_madhe_nu (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) s'amb, samb to collect, heap together (Skt.lex.) capa_ka_riyam business transacted by an assembly (T.A.S. i,249); capikar < sabhika members of an assembly (Ta.); capai < sabha_ assembly, meeting, congregation, society, association (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) campam < jambha (M.) < d.ambha ostentation, show, it.ampam (Ta.lex.) sabbava an assembly, a gathering; mirth, jest, fun (Ka.); sabban.d.u a jumble, omnium gatherum (Ka.lex.) capja_t.a_ < sa_fja_d.a_ completely (Ta.lex.) capa_can-am < sabha_jana honour done to a person (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.) capaiya_r members of an assembly or society; a class of vad.ama brahmins (G.Tj.D. I,78)(Ta.lex.) Assessor: sabha_ assembly, hall (RV.); council (MBh.); assembly room; sabha_ya (Pali); sabha_, saha_ assembly (Pkt.); sabaya assembly, council (Si.)(CDIAL 13167). sabhika keeper of a gambling house (Ya_j.); sahia gambler (Pkt.); sahia_r keeper of a gambling house (Mth.)(CDIAL 13170). sabhya being in an assembly (AV.); polite (Skt.); assessor, judge (Mn.); a-sabbha unrefined (Pali); sabbha- assessor (Pkt.); sa_bhd.a_, sa_bd.a_, sa_bhl.a_, sa_bl.a_ plain, simple, of unobstrusive manners (M.)(CDIAL 13171). sa_bha_r place-name in Dacca district (B.)(CDIAL 13172). subha_ a province; the governor of a subha_ (M.H.); sube id. (Ka.); sube_da_ra the chief native officer of a taluk (Ka.); a native officer in the army (Ka.lex.) suba_- province (Arabic); suba_da_r Indian military officer whose rank corresponds to that of captain (U.); id. (R.T.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) sabha_ gathering for deliberation, sacrifice or gambling (RV. viii.4.9); sabha_ga going into an assembly (ChUp.); sabha_-vant with kith and kin (RV. iv.2.5; RV. i.167.3); sabha_vin keeper of a gambling-house (TBr. iii.4.16); sabha_-sad sitting in an assembly; sabha_-sa_ha superior in an assembly (RV. x.71.10); sabha_-stha_n.u one who sits like a post at a gambling table (VS. xxx.18); one who sits like a post on a gambling table (TBr. iii.4.16) (Vedic.lex.) ?sap to serve or honour a god, obtain the favour of a god (RV. ix.97.3; RV. vii.83.8); to perform a holy rite (RV. i.67.8); tended (RV. vii.43.4); cherishing or fostering r.ta; attentive, obedient; to cohabit (VS. xxxvii.20)(Vedic.lex.)

3539.Image: procession: s'abagastu = saragastu nocturnal procession, especially of a marriage (Ka.); s.abgas.t (H.)(Ka.lex.) sa_va_ procession (Kon.lex.)

3540.Wild lodhra: s'abara-lo_dhra the wild lodhra tree (Skt.lex.)

3541.Diviner, priest: supar.i holy; vowed, devoted (Kui); supari ma.s diviner, priest; supari shaman (Kol.)(DEDR 2671).

3542.Soup: su_pa soup, broth (MBh.); broth, curry (Pali); su_pika cook (Pali); supa, su_pa curry (As'.); su_va split lentils (Pkt.); su_ soup, sauce (Si.)(CDIAL 13571). su_paka_ra cook (MBh.Pali); su_aya_ra (Pkt.); sua_r menial cook employed in a sacrificial ceremony (WPah.); cook (H.M.); sua_ra cook (Or.H.); sua_ra_ (A.); su_a_ra (OG.); suvaru (Si.)(CDIAL 13572). suwi_, su_ soup (Wg.); su_pya suitable for soup (Car.); su_pi_ya id. (Pa_n..gan.a.); chop a sauce or relish (N.)(CDIAL 13573). s'rapayati heats (VS.); cooks (AitBr.); makes sweat (Skt.); s'rapyate_ is cooked (S'Br.); s'rapun to be digested (K.); hapun to become exhausted or worn out by delay (K.)(CDIAL 12681). s.e_ to boil (Kt.); sein.u to cook by steaming (S.)(CDIAL 12681). Broth; leaf: cop broth made of plants, plants used in making broth (Ko.); sup leaves (To.); cappala leaf (Kod..); coppu, soppu, tappu leaf, foliage, greens (Tu.)(DEDR 2673).

3543.Liquor: sura_ spirituous liquor (RV.Pali.Pkt.); su_r (WPah.M.); su_ra (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 13503). Gruel: juru gruel (Kuwi); surpu re'- to suck in, slurp, eat food noisily (Kuwi); sur^upna_ (surpyas) to drink with a noisy sucking of the lips (Kur.); sur-, sur-a the sound produced when supping liquids; sur-i to drink with a supping noise (Ka.); sur-uku the sound produced by supping (Ka.); juru juru the sound produced when a child sucks with force (Ka.); juri to sip (Je_nu Kuruba); surasurane drinking liquids wih a sipping noise (Tu.); jur-r-a a soup of liquid or semi-liquid food (Te.); jur-r-u to drink, sip or sup with a noise, as a liquid or semi-liquid food (Te.); curpip to suck (Nk.); zur-i (-t-) to suck up (any liquid food with a noise)(Kond.a); suru-suru-ka_rakam after the manner of making hissing sounds when eating (Pali)(DEDR 2712). Vegetal sugar: curra_ vegetal sugar, sweet juice which drops from mango flowers or from the new leaves of sa_l tree (Kur.); cure birdlime, gum (Malt.)(DEDR 2711). cu_r pungency (Ta.); bad smell (Ma.)(DEDR 2726).

3544.To smear with oil: cuppa oily (Pkt.); coppad.a ghee, oil; coppad.ai makes greasy; covvad.ai, copphucca greasy (Pkt.); copar.an. to smear with oil or butter (L.); copar. grease; cupr.a_un.a_ to smear with oil (P.); copr.i_ greasy (L.); copar. oil, ghee; cupr.o oily; cupar. smooth (Ku.); tel-cupar anointing with oil; cupa_rnu to smear with oil (N.); supi oil vessel (A.); cu_par., copar. oil, grease, butter; cupar.na_, cuparna_ to smear with oil (H.); copr.u~ greasy; copar.vu~ to besmear (G.); copad. greasy; n. ghee, butter, oil (M.)(CDIAL 4865). savaru to rub in or apply to (as water, oil, medicine, polish or ashes), convey with a stick, knife, etc., any sticky substance to a vessel by rubbing the substance off on its brim; savarisu to have applied to, etc. (Ka.); camuru oil, any oily or unctuous substance; (also carumu) to smear, daub, rub as with an oil, etc., apply; javaru to apply, put on (medicine, etc.); (inscr.) samaru ghee (Te.)(DEDR 2389). tuvvu to eat, enjoy; n. food, gratification of the senses, enjoyment, experience (Ta.); tuppu food, ghee; tuppam ghee (Ta.); tuppa ghee (Ka.)(DEDR 3282). tuppa greasy, smeared with ghee; n. ghee (Pkt.); tuppia, tuppavia, tuppalia smeared with ghee; uttupiya oily (Pkt.); tu_p ghee (G.M.); tupat. oily (M.); tr.pra (RV.) = puro_d.a_s'a (Sa_y.); ghee (Skt.)(CDIAL 5864). Curds: chop cheese (Dm.); churba (Khot.); phyurba prob. cheese (Tib.)(CDIAL 13729). co_t cheese (Phal.)(CDIAL 13730). kojapu sour milk, curds; kujelu, in: nirkujelu to curdle, coagulate (Tu.); korop, korrop, kurrop, korrup buttermilk (Go.)(DEDR 2162). kajali to be congealed, become curdled (Kuwi)(DEDR 1102).

3545.Talk: sappal.a, sappul., soppal., soppul., soppul.a a sound, a noise (Ka.); cappud.u id., cappud.incu to make a noise (Te.)(DEDR 2333). gaph, gapas joke (K.); gapp tittle-tattle (P.); gappi_ boaster (P.); gaph absurd news (Ku.); gaph tittle-tattle; gapphar boaster (N.); gap boast (A.); gappa tittle-tattle (B.); gapa (Or.); gap (H.G.M.)(CDIAL 4022).

3546.Relationship or connection by marriage: plos'u_r father-in-law (Gaw.); pas'u_r father-in-law (Wg.); psu_r (Bashg.); pas'ur (Dm.); is'pas'ur (Kal.Kho.)(CDIAL 12753). is'pairi_ wife's brother; paeri_ wife's or husband's brother (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12757). is'pas'i husband's or wife's mother (Dm.); s'ips (Ash.); ispre_s (Kal.); is'pres.i (Kho.); pais. (Tor.); pras', pras. (Sv.); pres. (Phal.)(CDIAL 12759). podu relationship or connexion by marriage; podde a relative, kindred; podv a relative (Tu.); podal (pl. podasil) mother-in-law (Kol.); podal. id.; podn (pl. podl) father-in-law; pod(d)a mother-in-law (Nk.); podal (pl. podacil) wife's elder sister; podid (pl. podinkul) wife's elder brother (Pa.); po_dal mother-in-law; podund. father-in-law (Ga.); po_r.a_l, po_ra_r., po_ya_r, po_y, po_yar. mother-in-law, wife's mother; po_ra_r., po_ye mother-in-law; po_ye father's sister (Go.); potlen (pl. potku) father-in-law; po_da mother-in-law (Pe.); putlen father-in-law; pu_dar. mother-in-law (Mand..); po_ra wife's elder sister; potad.eenju, potad.enju (pl. potka) father-in-law (Kui); poiya (pl. poiyasika), po_ya mother-in-law; po_tlesi (pl. potka), potheleesi, potle'esi (pl. potka) father-in-law; potleyu wife's father; po_ra wife's mother (Kuwi); putalvan- son; putalvi daughter (Ta.)(DEDR 4508). s'vas'ura husband's father (RV.); wife's father (Skt.); husband's or wife's father (Skt.); s'vas'uraka a poor or dear father-in-law (Skt.); sasura father-in-law (Pali); sasura, susura (Pkt.); sasura (D..); s'ipasu (Ash.); cestyr, cre (Kt.); cj (Pr.); sxar (Tir.); ( -m = my) s'airi_, s'airiem, s'airie_m, s'i_riem, sansura_, s'es'ura, s'e_riem, s'e_rem (Pas'.); s'a_s'urem (Shum.); s'u_s'ur (Bshk.); s'azo (Tor.); xwu_r (Mai.); s'ur (Sv.); s'u_r (Phal.); s'aiur, s'a_ir, s'e_r (Sh.); hihur^u (K.); sahuro (S.); sauhra_, saura_ (L.); sahura_ (P.); sasur (H.); s'ohur, s'aura_ (WPah.); sasur, saur, sauro, hauro (Ku.); sasuro (N.); xahar (A.); sasar (B.); sasura (Or.); sasur (Mth.Bhoj.Aw.H.); susar, susra_ (H.); sauhra_ (WH.); susara (OG.); sasro (G.); sa_sra_ (M.); sosro (Konkan.i); suhuru (Si.); feminines formed from s'vas'ura- for his wife: sasuri_ (Pali); s'eri_, sansuri_, saseri_, sa(n)suri_, s'a~_s'uri_ mother-in-law (Pas'.); s'a_s'uri (Shum.); s'ers' (Wot..); sahuri_ (P.); susri_ (H.)(CDIAL 12753). hohawur^u, ho_wur^u wife's father's house (K.); saure father-in-law's house (L.)(CDIAL 12754). surya_l relatives of a man in whose house a boy's wedding is observed (P.); sorel. kinship (on both father's and mother's side)(WPah.); sasura_s, saura_s father-in-law's house (Ku.); sasura_li wife's father's family and house (N.); sasura_r father-in-law's house (Bi.); id., gaol (because well-fed there)(Mth.); sasura_ri id. (Mth.); susra_l, susra_r, susra_ri_ wife's father's family and house (H.)(CDIAL 12755). s'vas'urya father-in-law's son (Skt.); husband's younger brother (Skt.); s'va_s'urya (Skt.); s'ari_ wife's brother (Mai.); s'a_s'ir (Bshk.)(CDIAL 12757). s'vas'uri_ya belonging to the father-in-law (A_pS'r.); surhe_j father-in-law's house (L.)(CDIAL 12758). s'vas'ru husband's or wife's mother (RV.); sassu_ id. (Pali.Pkt.); sa_su_, sa_suya_, sussu_ (Pkt.); s'as'uy, sas'uy, sasuy (Gypsy); s'us. (D..); s'ips (Ash.); co_der (Wg.); cuc (Kt.); st (Pr.); s'airu_, s'iri_m, s'i_ru_, s'erwo_ (Pas'.); cis' (Bshk.); ico_s. (Mai.); s'as. (Sh.); has' (K.); sasu (S.); sass, sas (L.); sass, sassu_ (P.); s'ikh, s'ikkhu_, s'exu, s'as's'u_, s'as' (WPah.); sa_su_, ha_su_, s'a_s'^u (Ku.); sa_su (N.); xa_hu (A.); sa_s, sa_sur.i (B.); sa_su (Or.Mth.OAw.G.); sa_s^u (Bhoj.); sa_s, sa_su_ (H.); sa_su_ (M.); sa_su_s (Konkan.i); suhuru-hus father-in-law and mother-in-law (OAwi.); suhul (Si.)(CDIAL 12759). s'va_s'ura wife's or husband's brother (Skt.); s'va_s'ura dependent (son, pupil) of father-in-law's grandson (s'va_s'uri-); pertaining to a father-in-law (Skt.); hahar wife's brother (K.); hu_ra_ wife's or husband's brother (Si.); sa_sura father-in-law (Pkt.); sas'tro, sasro, sastro (Gypsy); sa_vre pl. parents-in-law (L.); sa_sur father-in-law (H.); sa_sra_ (M.); sa_sura father-in-law's house (Pkt.); sasura_ father-in-law's house (Bi.); sa_huro pertaining to a father-in-law (S.); pl. his family (S.); sa_hvare pl. his family (L.); sa_hvare~ his house (L.); sa_sur husband's father's house (Mth.); sa_sura father-in-law's house (OAw.); sa_sur, sa_sra_ (H.); sa_sara (OMarw.); sa_sru~, sa_sri_, sa_vriyu~ id. (G.); sa_sriya~_ pl. husband's relatives (G.); sa_su_r, sa_sar, sa_sre~ (M.)(CDIAL 12767). s'va_suri father-in-law's son's son (Skt.); s'a_s'ir husband's brother (Bshk.)(CDIAL 12768).

3547.Flesh, meat: cep, ceppu flesh, meat (Nk.); cep (pl. ceppul) flesh, game (Pa.); seppul (pl.) meat, game (Ga.)(DEDR 2773). Metath. pisita flesh; mansa-pesi_ muscle (Pali.lex.) ciyya flesh, muscle; jigili plump, fleshy (Te.); seg muscle, flesh (Ga.); sikahk flesh (Go.); jey id. (Pe.)(DEDR 2549).

3548.Image: lid: cf. sibbi lid, dish (Te.)(DEDR 2537).

3549.Image: broom: ci_ (-pp-, -tt-) to sweep off, brush away, wipe off, cleanse (Ta.); ci_y (-pp-, -tt-) to sweep; ci_vu (ci_vi-) to sweep clean (as floor), clean (as teeth); ci_kku rubbish; ci_kam-pul, ci_ku, ci_r..ku broom-grass; ci_pra_ a broom (Ta.); cu_l broom, besom (Ma.); ki.p broom (To.); ci_pari id. (Ka.); ci.pe broom made of grass, palm-leaves, etc. (Kod..); tippi to sweep (Kor.); ci~_kili, ci~_puru a broom (Te.); sabdi id. (Kol.Nk.); ce_pid id. (Pa.); se_pet., ce_pe_d., se_pe, se_pe_t. id. (Ga.); saiya_na_, saitta_na_, he_ya_na_, hey, hay, heyy, ey, e_y to sweep; he_pur, hepur, e_por, e_pur broom; hepa_ thysanolaena agrostis (a grass)(Go.); sipa (-t-) to sweep; hipos broom; siper broom (Kond.a); hi_p- (-t-) to sweep; hipos broom (Pe.); he_p- to sweep; he_pur broom (Pe.); se_pa (se_pi-) to sweep; n. sweeping; se_peri broom, brush (Kui); hepali, he_pinai, he_p- (-it-) to sweep; hepori, he_pori, herpori, he_pori (pl. he_porka), hapuri broom (Kuwi); ci~_cna_ to rub with something soft for cleaning or drying, wipe away, dry; ci~_crna_ to wipe off (Kur.); cice to wipe, clean (Malt.)(DEDR 2599).

3550.Straw: coppu straw (Ir.); soppe straw of various kinds of millet (Ka.); coppa straw (Te.); stalk of millet (Kol.)(DEDR 2847).

3552.Image: thigh: sa~_pr.i_ leg of goat or sheep killed for meat (Ku.); sa~_pro thigh (of animals; only contemptuously of humans)(N.)(CDIAL 12941). cappai hips, haunch, shoulder blade; ceppu hip; appu thigh (Ta.); cappe the hip bone; jabbe the outer side of the thigh (Ka.); jabba shoulder, outer side of the thigh (Te.); jabba shoulder (Pa.); jaba, in: at.a jaba shoulder (Go.); zeba id. (Kond.a)(DEDR 2339).

3553.Jaw; jaw-bone: jambha tooth, eye-tooth, tusk; pl. jaws (RV.); jambhya incisor tooth (VS.); pl. jaw (TPra_t.); cam jaw, cheek (Gypsy); jamin. jaws (D..); cham cheek (Gypsy); zami_ back tooth (Ash.); zumpi_ (Wg.); za_mi chin, jaw (Dm.); jam jaw; ja_n-da_n back tooth (Pas'.); ja_mi chin (Phal.); za_mu-da~_t back tooth (A.); jabhr.a_, ja_br.a_ lower jaw-bone, jaw (H.); jabha_ jaw (H.); ja_r.ha (S.); ja_r.h molar (P.)(CDIAL 5137). jabhr.a_, ja_br.a_ jaw-bone, lower jaw (H.); ja~_bha_d., ja_bha_d., ja_ba_d., ja~_bha_d.e~ jaw, cheek (M.)(CDIAL 5139). f. kavil. cheek (Ma.); kaul.u cheek (Tu.); gauda cheek (Te.); gavla, galva jaw (Pa.); ku_lu cheek (Kui)(DEDR 1337). kapola (Ya_j.); kapo_la (Pali); kavo_la (Pkt.); kopola, kopula cheek, jaw (Si.); with metath.: bogul cheek (Tor.)(CDIAL 2755). kavul. jaw of elephant (Pur-ana_. 30,8); cheek (Ta.)(DEDR 1337). Gills; cheek: cen-n.i, cen-n-ai cheek (Ta.); cenni, kenni temple (Ma.); konni cheek (Ma.); cennam jaw, cheek; ceppi cheek (Ma.); cel.l.a id.; cekil.a, cel.ukka, ce_l.a gills (Ma.); keyn. cheek just in front of ear (Ko.); kenne the upper cheek; kekke cheek; kenda_re temples; keppe temple; keppat.e cheek (Ka.); kenni, kenn cheek; kepp, kebbu cheek, temples; keppad. swelling of the cheeks; gebbu temples (Tu.); cekku, cekkili, cen:ka, cempa, cera~_pa cheek; ce_pa cekkulu gills (Te.); cempa temple (Kol.); ko_rwi, kor.wi_, korvi cheek; cempa temple; kreteri, kret.er.i, kert.er.i jaw (Kuwi); kena_ra temples, upper part of cheek; kandola the cheek (of the cheek and temple)(DEDR 1989). kavul. temple of elephant (Kur-al., 678)(Ta.); kavun.d.rasa, kavud.rasa cancer of the cheek (Tu.)(DEDR 1337). cf. calpor.i temple (of head)(Pe.); halpur.i id. (Mand..)(DEDR 2376). Jaw: avud.u, avun.d.u jaw; lower lip (Ka.); avud.u, avd.u under lip (Te.); navt.on chin; navurka lip (Pa.); namut.u, namit.u lower lip (Ta.); ammit.t.am id. (Ma.); laond.a chin (Go.); laut.o_ lips, chin (Kur.); narmat.ha chin (Skt.)(DEDR 3596). Yawning: jr.mbh yawn (Skt.); jr.mbhan.a yawning (Sus'r.); za_mam yawning (K.); ja_mani (WPah.)(CDIAL 5264). jr.mbhate_ yawns (A_s'vGr.); jambhayati opens mouth wide (Pa_n..); hamzembay to bite (Av.); za_mbyn yawn (Oss.); jambhati yawns (Pali); jambhai, jambha_i, jambha_ai, jamha_ai, jim.bhai, jim.bha_ai (Pkt.); jamizoiki to open the mouth, yawn (Sh.); za_mun to yawn (K.); jama_n.o~_ (WPah.); jamaun.o (Ku.); jamha_yal (Bhoj.); ja~bha_na_, jamha_na_ (H.); zomeik to yawn (Kho.); zim (Wkh.)(CDIAL 5265). ja~bha_i_ yawn (H.); jam.bha_ia (Pkt.); za_mai (Dm.); ja_ma_i, ja_ma~_e (Phal.); jamha_i_ (P.H.); jamhai~, jamai~ (Ku.); jama_i (N.)(CDIAL 5266). Tongue: an:gal.a, an:gal.u, an:gul.a, an:gul.i, an:gul.e palate; an:gilu, nan:gilu uvula (Ka.); an:gili palate (Te.); angul, angur.(u) tongue (Nk.); naqlu uvula (Malt.)(DEDR 33). Image: mockery, open-mouthed; having the face turned upwards; yawn: a_kal.isu, a_kul.isu, a_gul.isu to yawn, gape; a_kal.ike, a_kul.ike, a_gal.ike, a_gul.ike yawning, gaping (Ka.); a_vi to gape, yawn, open the mouth so as to express loudly; n. yawn (Ta.); a_vi it.- to yawn (Ma.); a.vaj a yawn (Ko.); o.pl.y- (o.pl.c-) to yawn (To.); a.val.ic- to yawn (Kod..); a_valu a yawn (Tu.); a_v.id.- to yawn (Tu.); a_val.u id. (Kor.); a_valincu, a_vulincu to yawn, gape; a_vulinta a yawn (Te.); a_m-, a_v- to yawn; a_mkud., a_vkud., a_kub a yawn (Pa.); a_m- to yawn; a_mk- id.; a_mkun a yawn (Ga.); a_vi a yawn (Go.); aula'a_na_ to yawn (Kur.); wole id. (Malt.); a_va_ning id. (Br.)(DEDR 392). cf. ka_k- (-t-) to keep open (mouth)(Kond.a); to open (mouth)(Pe.); ka_u ru_ja (ru_ji-) to yawn; n. yawning, a yawn (Kui); ka_wa orjali to yawn; ka_wa breath; ka_'va o_jli- to yawn; ka_kha~_ open-mouthed, gaping (Kuwi)(DEDR 1421). an:ka_ to open the mouth; n. opening the mouth [an:ka_ muyar-ci (Nan-. 86)((Ta.lex.)]; an:ka_ppu opening the mouth (Ta.); anga-v to look upwards (Ko.); anga_ta having the face turned upwards (Ka.); an:ga_vuni to yawn, gape, open the mouth; an:guni to open the mouth (Tu.); angasi a yawn (Kol.); anga_si id. (Nk.); analp to open the mouth wide (Pa.); angal gaping, yawning; alng/alin to open (mouth)(Go.); anla_ id. (Mand..); angalanga with mouth agape, with foolish appearance (Kui); angal angal with one's mouth open (in surprise)(Kur.); angle to gape; anglo open-mouthed (Malt.)(DEDR 34). an.aka mockery, derision, abuse (Ka.); an.akasan.aka quarrelling (Tu.); ad.akincu, an.akincu to ridicule; an.akamu ridicule (Te.); anar.eye to affront, mock (Malt.)(DEDR 111). a_kat.iyam mockery, ridicule, mischief, cruelty (Ta.); a_gad.a sport, jesting, mockery, insult (Ka.); a_gad.amu mischief, wantonness, prankishness (Te.)(DBIA 28). avakat.am mischief, danger (Ma.); avakat.a opposite, contrary (Skt.)(DBIA 23). a.n (a.d.) to open mouth wide; (mouth) is wide open (Ko.)(DEDR 8). Chew: cappe_ti chews (Pali); c.apa_y (Dm.); capoi_ki, capo_nu, capyo_nu (Sh.); c.a_pun to eat (k.); c.op^u bite (K.); c.a_pn.u_ to chew (WPah.); capon.o (Ku.); capa_unu, capka_unu (N.); sapanava_, hapanava_ to chew, bite, gnaw, crush (Si.)(CDIAL 4675). cappu (cappi-) to masticate, chew (as betel or tobacco), mumble in eating, munch, sip, suck; cavat.t.u to chew, masticate; cavai to chew, munch, suck mother's milk (Ta.); cappuka to smack the lips, suck, sip, eat whilst working; cava chewing, the sound of it; cavekka to chew; cavaccal chewing (Ma.); cap- (capy-) to suck repeatedly (Ko.); ayv- to chew (Ko.); sop- to suck (To.); capparisu to chuckle or cluck to an animal to urge it on, smack the lips in sipping or supping, produce the peculiar sound of chewing, chew with a noise (Ka.); capparan.e the peculiar smacking of the lips by which the peasants stop their cattle, chuckling; jabbu, jabbisu to suck (Ka.); caveⁿ- to chew (Kod..); caymp chewing (Kod..); capparipuni to smack the lips; capacapa a noise made with the mouth as a pig in eating (Tu.); capparincu to smack, suck with a noise (Te.); cappu to smack, suck, smack with a noise (Te.); savseng to chew (Kol.); savs (Nk.); cavi, cal, calv- (Pa.); savl- (Ga.); alv- (Go.); jalu_ (Go.) cap-captre to smack, chomp; copye to chew (as sugarcane)(Malt.); cap-ca- kanning to smack the tongue against the roof of the mouth in eating (Br.); capucapuka_ra making the sound of chewing (Pali)(DEDR 2334). kavali giva to chew the cud (Kui)(DEDR 1222). hafan to chew (Md.)(CDIAL 14485). Eating continuously: jauar bites (Gypsy); jabhate_ opens the jaws; aor. subj. jambhis.at snap at (RV.); javi_dan to eat (Pers.)(CDIAL 5125). jam eat (Skt.); jamati eats (Dha_tup.); ja_jamat consuming continuously (MBh.); jhamati, chamati eats (Dha_tup.); jam, jham eat (Pali); jammai eats (Pkt.); jamvu~ (G.)(CDIAL 5126). jambhate_ snap at (Dha_tup.); camb to chew, gnaw off (Gypsy)(CDIAL 5138). jamana eating (Skt.); jaman. eating, feasting; jamn.u~ right (not left) from jamn.o ha_th eating hand, right hand (G.); kha_ne ha_t (N.)(CDIAL 5127). Network muzzle: jebo~, pl. -u muzzle for cattle (WPah.); ja_bi network muzzle (N.); ja_b, ja_ba_ id., jabra_ small grain store (Bi.); ja_bi_ (Mth.); ja_b, ja_bi_ (H.); jha_bu_ muzzle for horse or ox; cha_bbu_ id., small basket (P.)(CDIAL 5124). Broth: jomma broth (Kol.); jammo_ meat-soup, curry (Go.)(DEDR 2851). jyu_n.a_r feast (Ku.); jiuna_r (N.); jevana_ra (OAw.); jewna_r, jiona_r, jauna_r, je~wna_ra_ (H.)(CDIAL 5269). je_mati eats (Dha_tup.); je_mai eats (Pkt.); jeun.a_ to eat, dine (esp. when a Brahman is invited on a religious occasion)(P.); je~wal to take food (Bhoj.); jem.vai feasts (OAw.); je~wna_, jemna_, jewna_ to eat (H.); jevn.e~ to dine or sup (M.); je_ma_viya given food (Pkt.); jema_eb (Mth.); jiva_un.a_, jima_un.a_, jama_un.a_ (P.); jewa_na_, jiwa_na_ (H.); jimai eats (Pkt.OG.); jamvu~ (G.); jimmai eats (Pkt.); ji_mna_ (H.); ji_mai (OMarw.); jimon.o to feed, feast (Ku.); jima_na_ (H.); ji_ma_vai (OMarw.)(CDIAL 5267). je_mana eating (BhP.); je_man.a right (eating) hand (Pkt.); jeman making a meal, food (B.); jem.vana serving of meals, feast (OAw.); jewan eating (H.); jevan. making a meal (M.); jevn.i_ grain given to threshers as part wage (M.); jevan.a a meal (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 5268). jevan.vat. leaf used for eating off (M.)(CDIAL 5270). Food, meal: cappa_t.t.u-ra_man- glutton (Ta.); ca_pa_t.ura_mud.u id. (Te.); ca_ppa_t.u food, meal, especially of human beings (Tiruven.. Cata. 29); id. (Ma.); sa_pa_t.u id. (Te.); ca_ppit.utal to eat, drink; to consume, misappropriate (Ta.); sa_pad.u to eat, drink (Te.)(Ta.lex.) cf. camai (-v-, -nt-) to be consumed (Ta.); same, save, savi to be consumed (Ka.)(DEDR 2343). s'va_tra (RV. x.46,7 s'va_t^ara_so?) invigorating (of soma); invigorating food (RV.)(CDIAL 12762). cf. sattu barley meal (Pali); saktu coarsely ground meal (RV.)(CDIAL 13070).

3554.To equip, prepare: sambha_van. to decorate, make ready (L.); sambhan. to get oneself ready; sabha_vun. to make ready (L.); smbanava_ to make, form (Si.); ambavanava_ to mould (SI.)(CDIAL 12967). semer. to prepare, start (Ash.); smr.a_ to prepare, decorate (Ash.); samar to start (Bashg.); samati_ she started (Wg.); semya_ sent (Kt.); samr.ta met together (RV.); samiyarti brings together, hastens together towards; samara meeting (RV.); samarpayati sends, despatches (R.)(CDIAL 12970). Collection: sam.bharan.a collection (RV.); arrangement (Skt.); so.mb^aran collecting, levelling (K.); xa_maran putting away with care (A.)(CDIAL 12960). To store with care: sa~_un.t.iba_ to collect, arrange; sa_ut.iba_, sa_it.iba_ to store with care (Or.); sa~_t.hab to arrange (Mth.); santha_vu~ to be engaged or employed, be betrothed (of boy or girl)(G.); sa~_t.hn.e~, sa~_t.n.e~ to enter, be contained in, be collected (M.)(CDIAL 13050). Putting away with care: sam.bhr.ta collected (RV.); sam.bhata collected, stored; store of food (Pali); sam.bhiya nourished (Pkt.); sambhu_r.o got ready (S.); sa_ma_ apparatus (N.); samr.ta met together (RV.)(CDIAL 12970). sam.bharati brings together, prepares, rolls up (RV.); sambha_rayati causes to bring together, prepares, maintains (R.); sam.bharai collects, supports (Pkt.); samaroiki to apportion, divide (Sh.). so.mb^arun to collect (K.); samrun. to collect (L.); xa_mariba_ to put away (clothes), keep with care (A.); samharal to support (Bhoj.); sa~_bharvu~ to collect, gather (G.)(CDIAL 12961). sam.bhr.ta collected (RV.); sam.bhata collected, stored (Pali); n. store of food (Pali); sam.bhiya nourished (Pkt.); sambhu_r.o pp. of sambhiran.u got ready (S.); sa_ma_ apparatus (N.)(CDIAL 12970). Seasoning materials: sam.bha_ra bringing together (S'Br.); materials (AV.); sambha_ra accumulation, preparation, ingredients (of food)(Pali); fullness, materials (Or.); sam.bha_ra collection, spices (Pkt.); sambha_r care, attention (N.); xambha_r provisions, ingredients (A.); samha_r support (Bhoj.); sam.bha_ra care (OAw.); sa~bha_r powdered salt and spices for stuffing pickles (G.); sa~_bha_r, sa~_ba_r prepared seasoning of pulse with spices drived over a fire (M.); sam.bara crowd (Si.)(CDIAL 12966). sambara, samba_ra, camba_ra (Tadbhava of sambha_ra) ingredients of seasoning used in cookery, seasoning materials, as pepper, cloves, cinnamon, nugmeg, coriander etc; Synonyms: ve_s.ava_ra, masa_le, ve_sava_ra, upaskara; samar-u trim, decoration; to make proper, fit, neat or beautiful, to trim; samba_rabi_ja coriander; samba_rasoppu the coriander plant; sambha_ra bringing together, collecting; preparing, preparation, equipment, provision; apparatus, materials, necessaries, constituent parts, ingredient, requisite, assemblage of things required for any purpose; multitude, number, quantity, heap; fullness, completeness; wealth; maintenance, support; sambha_rakabal.a, sambaragaval.a a bolus of ingredients or seasoning materials (Ka.lex.) campai, campai-c-carakku inferior or rejected goods; perishable articles (Ta.); cambu (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) campa_ram curry-stuffs (Tan-ippa_. ii,19,41); campa_l a kind of savoury dish or preparation (Ta.); samba_ru id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.) cf. sam.bhr.t.a collected (RV.); sam.bhata collected, stored (Pali); store of food (Pali); sambhu_r.o got ready (S.); sa_ma_ apparatus (N.); samar meeting (RV.)(CDIAL 12970). sam.bhr.ti equipment (A_pS'r.); sambhui_, sambhuhi_ fisherman's poled net (S.)(CDIAL 12971). s'ambhali, sambali, samba_l.i a procuress, a bawd (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) Goods; totality; concord: sa_magrya complete, collections, goods, baggage, the whole bag of tricks (MBh.); sa_magri_ (Skt.); sa_maggiya, sa_maggi_ completeness, concord (Pali); sa_magg(iy)a totality (Pkt.); sa~_wagi_ ga_r.i two-wheeled cart; sa~_wgi_, sau~gi_ net forming bottom of seat at back of bullock cart (Bi.); smn:gin with concord (Si.)(CDIAL 13347). samagra all, complete (AV.); samagga harmonious, pl. all together (Pali); samagga all, complete; samaggala all, additional (Pkt.); samage united (As'.); sama(n.)gi united; sama(n.)ga with; samagin (Si.)(CDIAL 13178). sa_magri entireness, wholeness, etc.; a collection or assemblage of implements or materials, apparatus, goods and chattels, furniture, effects, year; sa_magrisanna_ha preparation of all materials or things (Ka.lex.) Suitable: cavaran.ai preparedness; cavatari (-pp-, -tt-) to get ready, acquire; camai (-v-, -nt-) to be made, gety ready, preapre (oneself)(Ta.); camayam equipment, dress and ornaments, preparation, mien and manner, stocking a garden; camayuka to get ready, dress well, assume a shape, become; camekka to preapre, cook, produce an effect; camayikka to equip, stock a garden (Ma.); sama getting ready, preparation, readiness; samarisu, savanisu to grow ready or prepared, be acquired, found, got or gained, be brought about, come about, occur, become; prepare, cause to get, apply to; samantu beauty, grace; beautifully, nicely; samar-u, savar-u to make proper, fit, neat or beautiful, trim; n. trim, decoration; savasu to make ready, prepare; same, save to be made ready, be prepared, be carried out, be made; make ready, prepare, make; savaran.e, savaran.e, sauran.e preparing, making ready, procuring of materials (Ka.); sama-kat.t.u to be ready; make ready; savara good, suitable, flat, level; savaran.a, savarana, savaran.amu equipment, stuff, material, beauty, elegance, neatness, correction, rectification, setting right; savaran.incu to set right, put in order, rectigfy, equip; savarani beautiful, elegant, neat; savarincu, savarucu to adjust, trim, put in order, arrange, correct; savarinta, savarimpu putting in order, etc.; savarillu to be proper or suitable (Te.); savaril- (savarilt-) to make oneself ready (Kol.)(DEDR 2342). cf. amarttu to establish (as one in life)(Ta.)(DEDR 161). avucu neatness, trimness (Ta.); avusu properness, neatness (Ka.)(DEDR 271). cf. campa_ a superior kind of paddy (Ta.); sa_mba, sambaru a fine sort of rice (Te.)(DEDR 2346). Suitable: amar (-v-, -nt-) to get close to, be suitable; amai (-v-, -nt-) to crowd together, be suitable, appropriate; n. fitness, beauty (Ta.); amar (amard-) to be closely united, be fit or agreeable, be nice or becoming, embrace; amarike, amarke fitness, agreeing with (as a ring with the size of the finger); amarisu, amarcu to prepare, do fitly, make ready (Ka.); ama_runi to suit, fit, embrace (Tu.); amayu to be useful or serviceable (Te.); amaran:ga_, amara(n) properly, fitly, duly, agreeably; amarika fitness, suitability, appropriateness; amaru to suit, be fit, suitable, or agreeable, be prepared or ready; amarincu, amar(u)cu to prepare, make ready, adjust, arrange, provide (Te.); ambrinai to suit (Kuwi)(DEDR 162).

3555.To castrate: kampa_d. to castrate an ox or buffalo (Tu.lex.)

3556.Image: rake: ka_ypul, ka_ypula_ rake (Kon.lex.)

3557.Image: leaf: ka_yal, ka_yal. a folded tender leaf of a plant (Tu.lex.)

3558.Provision for journey: satu sambar provision for journey (Santali.lex.) cf. sattu barley meal (Pali); saktu coarsely ground meal (RV.)(CDIAL 13070). cf. sambaru paddy (Te.)(DEDR 2346). s'ambala, sambala, sambal.a provender or provisions for a journey (Ka.); sambal.a pay, salary (Ka.lex.) sambha_ra bringing together, collecting; preparation, provisions, necessaries, requisites, apparatus; an ingredient, a constituent part; sambhr. to collect, hoard, place or bring together; to give, offer, present; sambhr.ta brought together, collected, concentrated; got ready, prepared, provided, equipped; furnished or endowed with, possessed of; produced, caused; sambhr.ti collection; preparation, equipment, provision; sambhali_, s'ambhali_, s'ambali_ a procuress (Skt.lex.) sam.bha_ra materials (AV.); sambala provisions (Pali); sam.bala (Pkt.); samaru provisions for journey (S.); samal, sa_mal (L.); sa_mal (N.); xambal, xamal (A.)(CDIAL 12315). campal.am food for journey; stock for travellers; wages, salary (Tiruppu. 22); sambal.amu id. (Te.); sambal.a (Ka.); cambal.am (Ma.); campal.am-po_t.utal to fix wages or salary; to pay wages; campal.ava_l. labour or servant on fixed salary; campal.antin-n-utal to enjoy the benefit of a salary (Ta.); sambal.atinnu id. (Ka.); campal.appat.t.i pay-bill; acquittance roll (Ta.lex.) sambala provender, stock of provisions for a journey; samba_l.i multitude, number (Ka.lex.) s'ambala, sambala provisions for journey (Skt.); sam.vara (BHSkt. ii, 539); sam.badhna_ti furnishes, supplies (Skt.); am.balaya red ant (< collecting provisions)(Si.)(CDIAL 12315). ca_ma_n- < sa_ma_n (U.) goods, furniture, articles; ca_makkiri, ca_makkiriyai < sa_magri_ things or materials needed for an occasion; foodstuffs, provisions (Ta.lex.) kambala an agricultural ceremony (IA 23.IEG.) kabal.m communal work in one man's garden (Ko.); kambal.a feast given in field at transplantation time; picnic (Kod..)(DEDR 1238). kam^aria_ a working man (Mth.); ka_bl.ya_ common labourer (M.)(CDIAL 2773). kambal.a daily hire or wages (Ka.)(DEDR 1238). To guard; accumulation: sm.bharati brings together, prepares, rolls up (RV.); sam.bharai collects, supports (Pkt.); sambhiran.u to get ready (S.); somb^arun to collect (K.); sa~_bharvu~ to collect, gather (G.); somba_run to collect (K.); sambha_ran.u to guard (S.); sam.bha_rai takes care of (OAw.); sa~bha_rna_, samha_rna_ to sustain (H.); sa~bha_l.vu~ to guard, take care of (G.)(CDIAL 12961). samarthayate_ resolves (RV.); comforts (Skt.); samat. to guard, herd, graze (Wg.); sumot.e to guard, keep (Pr.); samat. to collect, send off, pasture (Phal.) (CDIAL 13190). Treasury: sambhara heap, treasury (RV. iv.17.11)(Vedic.lex.) sambharan.a good sustainer (TS. iv.3.8.1); sambharan.i_ a kind of sacrificial brick; sambharan.a a vessel for storing soma; sambharan.am heap (RV. vii.25.2); sambha_ra collection, preparation; requisites to be collected for a ya_ga: udakam, hiran.yam, u_s.a_, a_khukari_s.am, s'arkara_ (five ingredients, paca sambha_ra_h-); sambha_ra-yajus the verses beginning with agniyajurbhih- (MS. i.9.2); a_khukari_s.a mole-hill (S'Br.); a_khu mole, mu_sa_ (RV. ix.67.30); u_s.a_ particles of salt ground; salt ground (Vedic.lex.) cf. so_ma, assem (op. cit.) interpreted as electrum, the refining of which may use these five ingredients, mole-hill, salt, granulated sugar etc. in particular as oxidizing agents.

3559.Emblic myrobalan: cf. s'ambara name of the trees: citraka, lo_dhra and arjuna (Skt.lex.) s'ambhu emblic myrobalan, a_malaki_ (Skt.lex.)

3560.Deed of gift to temple: ca_mpira_n.i-p-pat.t.ayam deed of gift to temple, etc. preserved with smoke-perfume (Ta.lex.) Sa_mbra_n.i: Canarium commune: Official: the resin from canarium spp.; canarium commune; canarium luzonicum. Canarium commune: Distribution: a native of the Moluccas; introduced and planted in India and the Malay Peninsula. The gum is applied in the form of an ointment to indolent ulcers. The fruit is fattening and laxative. Cambodia: romdeng; Canarese: kagga libija, kaglimaram, javabadami, sambrani; Cutch: jangali bedana; English: Java almond tree; French: canari, canaris; Hindi: jangali badam; Malayalam: canari, karaichingasi; Papua: keanee; Sinhalese: ratakkana, ratakekuna; Spanish: arbol de la brea; Tagalog: pilipilauay. (Indian Medicinal Plants, pp. 531-533). sambra_n.i a Malayan tree, the Java almond, canarium commune (Ka.lex.)

3561.Business, trouble: jamba_ra affair, business (Ka.Tu.)(DEDR 2345). sam.pa_rayati brings to the other side, brings to an end, accomplishes (S'Br.); sampa_rna_ to complete (work already begun)(H.)(CDIAL 12939). sapa_r honesty, success (N.); sapa_rnu to cause to flourish (N.); sapa_r.u~ favour (G.); sam.pa_d.e_i accomplishes (Pkt.); sapa_r.n.o to accomplish, ameliorate (Ku.)(CDIAL 12930). sampatti acquisition (AitBr.); prosperity (R.Pali); sam.patti (Pkt.); sambati readiness, preparation (S.); sapata, spata happiness, good fortune (Si.); sampat prosperity (M.)(CDIAL 12931). sam.pad success (Ya_j.); sam.pada_ (Skt.Pali); sam.paya_ (Pkt.); sam.pai (Skt.); sapuva happiness (Si.)(CDIAL 12932). sapyo~ right, proper (Ku.); sapya~_ a proper manner (Ku.); sabiu~, sabbiu~ right side up (N.)(CDIAL 12933). sam.padyate_ turns out well (AV.); is effected, is produced (MBh.); pp. sam.panna (AV.); sampajjati happens, succeeds (Pali); sam.pajjai is completed (Pkt.); sabaj to make, arrange, build (Pas'.); sapazun to be made, become (K.); sapadun id.; samuznu to become; sapuzun, samuzun (K.); sapajan.u to be found (S.); xampaziba to be born, be produced (A.); sampanna successful, well-cooked, sweet (Pali); sam.pan.n.a completed (Pkt.); samun arrangement (Kho.); suban righthand (Tor.); sampon^u effected, made, happened (K.); pres. st. sampanun, sapanun, so~_panun (K.); sapan, hapan superior, wealthy, fortunate, powerful (Si.)(CDIAL 12934). sam.pa_dayati completed, provides with (S'Br.); brings about (MBh.); sampa_de_ti procures, strives to accomplish (Pali); sam.pa_(d)e_i completes (Pkt.); saba_ prepare, arrange, get in order (Tor.); sapayanava_ to produce, procure, make (Si.)(CDIAL 12938). campatti attainment, acuisition; wealth, prosperity (Cu_ta. Ja_n-ayo_. 5,3); campattu id. (Ta.); campan-n-an- prosperous or wealthy man (Pat.t.in-at. Tiruve_kampa. 21); campiratam < sam-bhr.ta that which is caused; effect, result (Par..a. 327); campira_tti < sam-pra_pti anything obtained; blessing, acquisition (T.A.S. i,280)(Ta.lex.)

3562.Agreement; gift; accountant: campirati public accountant; accountant in a temple or a zemindary (I.M.P. Mr.225)(Ta.); samprati id. (Te.); campirati assistant to a village accountant; writer, clerk (C.G. 82)(Ta.lex.) samprati the present time; sampratipatti agreement, concurrence, admission; sampratipanna gone near; agreed; brought about, performed; samprada, samprade a gift, a present (Ka.lex.)

3563.Pack-saddle: sabara a pack-saddle for bullocks; kavudigal. (Ka.); ?sabhara (Skt.)(Ka.lex.) s'aba cloth, clothes; nivasana, vastra, s'uka (Ka.lex.) cf. cappal.aci cloth from Sappal.am near Conjeevaram (Ta.lex.) cf. campat.am cloth (Pin..); camparam < ambara cloth; campuka_n-a_ < jamka_na (U.) carpet (Ta.lex.) Clothes: campat.am very dirty cloth (Ma.)(DEDR 2344). ambara clothes (MBh.Pali); cloth, upper garment (Pali); clothing (Si.); am.bara cloth, garment (Pkt.); a_m.bara expensive clothes (OG.)(CDIAL 573). amparam clothes, apparel, garment amparame_ tan.n.i_re_ co_r-e_ : Tiv. Tiruppa_. 17)(Ta.lex.) amparca_ kind of women's printed cloth (Ta.lex.) cf. ca_yam colour (Ta.lex.)

3564.Betel pouch; bag: campal.i betel pouch; sambel.a (Te.); sambal.ige (Ka.); campal.i bag, wallet (Ta.lex.) samudga; sambal.ige (Tadbhava of samput.aka) a covered box made of o_le (Ka.) (Ka.lex.) Image: hemispherical bowl: sam.put.a hemispherical bowl (Sus'r.); round casket (Skt.); sam.put.aka, sam.put.ika_ (Skt.); samput.a hollow of the hand (Pali); sam.pud.a collection, mass (Pkt.); xa~phuro covered tray for betelnut (A.); sa~_pur.a_ casket (MB.); sa~_pur (Mth.); sapri_ box for vermilion (Mth.); sa~_par. cavity formed by two bowls placed together (G.); sa~_pd.a_ frame (M.)(CDIAL 12941).

3565.Image: rows: sapura_ the rows in a betel plantation (Bi.)(CDIAL 12941).

3566.A country: sambu, s'ambhu being for or causing happiness; a happy, prosperous man; s'ambhu-dvi_pa a resting place for S'iva; sambu-gimbu reit. (Tadbhava of s'ambhu) S'iva (Ka.lex.) s'ambara-mathana, s'ambara-su_dana, s'ambara_ri Ka_ma (Ka.lex.) s'abara, s'ambara name of a wild mountaineer tribe (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) sauvi_ra (fr. suvi_ra) name of a country in the west of India; a man of that country (Ka.lex.) capariyai < saparya_ worship (Tiruvil.ai. Tiruman.ap. 60); capari id. (Ve_ta_ran.i. Ira_mana_ta. 12)(Ta.lex.) s'apatha, sapata an oath, swearing, asservation by oath or ordeal (Ka.lex.) s'ambara a rite or religious observance (Skt.lex.) sambara a kind of religious observance (with the Buddhists)(Skt.lex.) s'ambu_ka name of a S'u_dra who practiced penance though forbidden to his caste and was in consequence slain by Ra_ma (Skt.lex.) campo_r goblin (Aka. Ni.); prob. s'ambara (Ta.lex.) India: jambu_dvi_pa India (Pali); central of the seven continents surrounding Meru (MBh.); jam.budi_pasi (As'.); jam.budi_va (Pkt.); dambdiv (OSi.10th cent.); dambadiva (Si.)(CDIAL 5134). campu the tutelary goddess of Jambu_dvi_pa (Man.i. Pati. 8); campa_pati the tutelary goddess of Jambu_dvi_pa (Man.i. 6,190); Ka_viri-p-pu_m-pat.t.in-am, as the abode of Campa_pati (Man.i. Pati. 8); campu, campu-nati a river; campu, campu-t-ti_vu one of the annular continents (Man.i. 17,62)(Ta.lex.)

3567.Offering to a deity: campa_ boiled rice mixed with pepper powder, cumin, etc., offered to deity in temples; campa_-k-kat.t.al.ai provision for oblations of campa_ rice in a temple (Ta.lex.) A wild rice: sa~_wa_ a wild rice (Aw.); sua~_k, sa_u~k, sau~k wild rice (P.); sa_mo inferior kind of self-sown grain (G.)(CDIAL 12667). Paddy: campa_ a superior kind of paddy (Ta.Ma.); samba_vu, sa_mba (samba, sa_mbam), sa_mbaru (sambaru-, sambhava-, sambha_vu-) a fine sort of rice (Te.); sambe-nellu superior kind of paddy (Ka.)(DEDR 2346). Paddy: kavari-c-campa_ a kind of campa_ paddy, sown in a_n-i-purat.t.a_ci, maturing in five months (Rd.)(Ta.lex.) cf. sambaru paddy (Te.)(DEDR 2346). Husked rice: ca_ula_, pl. cavala rice (Pkt.); ca~_uru, ca~_varu a grain of rice (S.); ca~_uro pertaining to husked rice (S.); ca_val husked rice (L.P.); ca_vul (L.); ca_var, ca_ul, caul (P.); c.a_u, pl. cau (WPah.); cau_l, c.a~_wo_w (Ku.); ca~_wal, ca_mal (N.); sa_ul (A.); ta_ula (OB.); ca_ul (B.); ca_l (B.); cau~l.a, ca_ul.a, ca_ura (Or.); ca_ur (Bi.Mth.Bhoj.); ca~_wal, cawal, ca~_war (H.); ca_vala (OMarw.); ca_val. usu. pl. (G.)(CDIAL 4749). cauret.ha_, caurat.ha_ rice soaked and dried and pounded (Bi.); cauret.ha_ rice ground up with water (H.)(CDIAL 4750). aval rice obtained from fried paddy by pestling it (Ta.Ma.); pound, beat; n. pounding, beating in a mortar (Ka.); avil rice bruised and dried (Ma.); kac av- to pestle (millet) second time (Ko.); avl-akki rice fried and each grain pounded flat (Kod..); abepuni, abeyuni, abecuni to beat or pound rice (Tu.)(DEDR 2391).

3568.Millet: ka_'wa jo_na millet (Kuwi)(DEDR 2896). [For -jo_na cf. con-n-al, co_l.am maize, great millet, sorghum vulgare (Ta.)(DEDR 2896)]. A weed among rice: sa_ma_ a weed among rice (N.); millet (B.); panicum frumentaceum (H.)(CDIAL 12667). sama_k, samak oats (Wg.); soak a kind of millet (P.); sa~_wa_, sa~_wa~_ panicum frumentaceum (H.); sa~_va_, sa_va_ panicum frumentaceum or miliaceum (M.); s'ya_ma_ka the millet panicum frumentaceum (VS.); sa~_o~ panicum frumentaceum and its grass (S.); s'a_ma_u a kind of darkish grass (WPah.)(CDIAL 12267). sa_vya_n. straw of panicum frumentaceum (M.)(CDIAL 12668). ca_mya food (Skt.); cam bread (Gypsy); camikani_ pancake (Gypsy)(CDIAL 4752). s'ya_ma_ a kind of plant (used for curing leprosy)(Skt.); sa_ma_ a medicinal plant ( = priyan:gu which means a medicinal plant and the millet panicum italicum (Pali); ha_ma the fodder grass p. colonum (K.); sa_m a kind of autumn millet (Mth.)(CDIAL 12666). sama_xa, samu_xa panicum frumentaceum (Psht.); sua~_ ca_ul.a_ panicum frumentaceum (sua~_ bha_t a dish prepared from it (Or.); sa~_wa~_, sa_ma_, sa~_i~_ panicum mileaceum (Bi.) sa_ma_, sama_ panicum mileaceum (Mth.)(CDIAL 12667). Oats: s'ama_k, s'amk oats (Wg.); sava~_k, sava_k the grass panicum colonum (L.); sa~_vak the grain ophismenus frumentaceus (L.); p. colonum (P.);(CDIAL 12667). Beard of maize: caa~ra beard of maize (Or.)(CDIAL 4677). Millet: kamp-ari holcus spicatus (Ma.); kampu, kampam-pul bulrush millet, Italian millet (Ta.); kampu id. (Ma.); kampam a grain (Ma.); kambu holcus spicatus (Ka.Tu.); kambu_ = kuruvinda (Skt.)[pennisetum typhoideum = panicum spicatum = holcus spicatus](DEDR 1242). Echinochloa frumentacea = panicum frumentaceum: bavto (M.); sanwa (H.B.); shyama (Skt.); chamalu (Te.); sawank (P.); kudraivali pillu (Ta.); samul (M.); plant: useful in biliousness and constipation; cultivated over the greater part of India (GIMP, p.103). Echinochloa stagnina = panicum stagninum: dul (B.); banti (M.); kadu dabhai hullu (Ka.); bontha oddu (Te.); decoction of pith: used in Philippines as diuretic; found throughout India in stagnant pools and marshes, on banks of lakes and tanks and in cultivated fields (GIMP, p.103). cf. varaka echinochloa colonum (Car.); varuvu panicum miliaceum (Te.)(DEDR 5260). Panicum miliare: shamai (Ta.); nellashamalu (Te.); gondula (B.); warai (M.); kutki (P.H.); plant: nervine stimulant, tonic, sometimes used as a substitute for panicum miliaceum; cultivated or naturalized throughout India (GIMP, p.185). Echinochloa crus-galli = panicum crus-galli = panicum crus-corvi: burashama (B.); samak, sanwak (H.); jalsamoka (Skt.); peddawundu (Te.); oothupul (Ta.); barasanwak (P.); sarvank, banti (M.); plant: used in diseases of spleen and to chek haemorrhage; common throughout the greater part of India, especially in wet places and rich soils, and up to elevations of 6,000 ft. (GIMP, p.103). kaba_in.u to shrink, yield (S.); kabru, kambu_ka husk of rice (AV.); ka_ba_ foolish (Or.); ka_bu_ feeble, prostrate (B.); feeble (Or.)(CDIAL 2759). Elephant grass: campan.-ko_rai elephant grass; can.pu elephant grass; a species of sedge grass (Ta.); jon.d.u elephant grass (Ka.); campu elephant grass, typha elephantina; sola pith (Ta.); jambu a bulrush, sedge; a kind of reed or sedge, typha angustifolia (Te.)(DEDR 2347). cf. campa_- a prefix to a variety of grains (Ta.lex.) campu elephant grass, campan:ko_rai (Nalvar..i, 38); tjambu (Te.); jambu (Ka.); campu sola pith (Aka. Ni.)(Ta.lex.) Field of millet: sur.vu~ to cut off or pluck up weeds in a field of millet (G.); su_r. simple, direct, straight (G.)(CDIAL 12562).

3569.Trap: jhimbri, jhinjri a fish trap (Santali.lex.) imir.. (-v-, -nt-) to bind as by order, restrain; (-pp-, -tt-) to bind, entrap; n. small round jewel box, small casket; cimir..ppu bondage, tie (Ta.); cimir.. small box (Ma.); imud.u to be contained within; imud.(u)cu to put in, thrust in (Te.)(DEDR 2542). Entrap, bind: cimir.. (-v-, -nt-) < imir.. to bind as by order, restrain (Vina_yakapu. 17,14); (-pp-, -tt-) to bind (Pirapo_ta. 5,5); entrap (Kur-al., 274); imir..ttal to fasten or tie (Ci_vaka. 1835); imir.. cord (Ci_vaka. 1091); cimir..ppu bondage, tie (Ku_rmapu. Intira. 30)(Ta.); cimir.. small box (Ma.); imud.u to be contained within; imud.(u)cu to put in, thrust in (Te.)(DEDR 2542). cimir.. small round jewel box, small casket (Tan-ippa_. ii,160,399)(Ta.lex.) imir..-tal to sound (Pur-ana_. 15,4); to make a low continued sound as the string of a ya_r.. (Pin..); imir.. sound, hum, roar (Malaipat.u. 296)(Ta.lex.)

3571.Copper: ta_mra copper (Kaus'.); ta_mraka copper (Ya_j.); ta_m copper (Bshk.); ta_mba copper (Phal.); ta_mba_ copper (Sh.); tra_m copper (K.Sh.); t.ra_mo copper (S.); tra_ma_, tara_ma~_ (L.); ta_mba_ (P.); t.l.a_m (WPah.); ta~_bo_ (WPah.); ta_mo pl. young bamboo shoots (N.); ta_m (A.); ta~_ba_, ta_ma_ (B.); tamba_ (Or.); ta_m, ta_ma_ (Mth.); ta_ma_ (Bhoj.); ta_m in compounds, ta~_ba_, ta_ma_ (H.); tra~_bu~, ta~_bu~ (G.); ta~_be~ (M.); ta_mbe copper (Konkan.i); tama, tam copper (Si.)(CDIAL 5779). ca_mba, cambo copper (WPah.)(CDIAL 5779). ta_ram a copper coin, 12 pice of 13 fanam (Ma.); ta_ra a copper coin of 2 ka_su (Ka.); two pie (Tu.)(DEDR 3168). teb copper (To.); cambu, cembu, combu copper (Ka.); cembi copper (Kod..); cembu brass, copper (Tu.); cempu copper (Ma.); copper, gold (Ta.)(DEDR 2775). Copper, red: cempan- brown-coloured cow or bull (Ta.)(DEDR 2775). ta_mra dark red, copper-coloured (VS.); tamba red, copper (Pali); tamba adj. and n. (Pkt.); tra_mba red (Dm.); tamba reddish, copper (Si.); ta~_be rust, redness of sky (M.); tam.bira copper-coloured, red (Pkt.); ta_mra_ copper-coloured (of pigeons)(L.); ta~_br.a_, ta_mr.a_ copper-coloured, dark red; stone resembling a ruby (H.); ta_m.bad.a_ red (OM.)(CDIAL 5779). tambavan copper-coloured, dark red (Si.); ta_mravarn.a copper-coloured (TA'r.)(CDIAL 5790). Tawny-coloured bull: ce-, cem-, cevv-, ceyya, ce_takam, ce_ttu red (Ta.); ce_kil tawny-coloured bull (Ta.); ken, ke.t red (Ko.); ke-, kem.- red (Ka.); co.nde red (Kod..); cem.- red (Te.); kempu red; redness (Te.); redness; ruby (Tu.); key dark red, reddish-brown (Pa.); gende a reddish-coloured ox (Tu.); xe~_so red (Kur.); qeso red (Malt.)(DEDR 1931). Made of copper: tampikai a kind of small water-pot (Ta.); cempu metal vessel, liquid measure (Ta.); copper vessel (Ma.); cambu, cembu, combu globular copper or glass vessel used for drinking water (Ka.); cambige, tambige, tambuge id. (Ka.); cembi small metal pot (Kod..); cembu goblet, pitcher, ewer (Te.); small copper or brass pot (Tu.); tambige small, round, metal vessel (Tu.); tambuga a sort of drinking-vessel (Te.); ca~bu_ a metal vessel with a belly and a tapering neck, a goglet (M.)(DEDR 2775). ?Influenced by Pkt. tamba and Skt. ta_mra copper? t.ra_mir.o a kind of cooking pot (S.); t.ra_mir.i_ copper pot (S.); sunburnt, red with anger (S>); ta_mra_ copper vessel (Bhoj.); ta~_bar., tra~_br.i_ copper pot; ta~_br.i_ copper pot (G.)(CDIAL 5779). tamher.i_ copper vessel (Bi.)(CDIAL 5782). tam^aha_ drinking vessel made of red alloy (Bi.)(CDIAL 5785). tamoi copper vessel for water (Ku.); ta_mrapa_tra copper vessel (MBh.); ta_mar.a_, ta_mr.a_ copper vessel (Bhoj.); tarbha_n.u~ copper dish used in religious ceremonies (G.)(CDIAL 5789). ta_mrika coppery (Mn.); tambiya an article of an ascetic's equipment (a copper vessel?)(Pkt.); tra_mi_ large open vessel for kneading bread (L.); tra_mbi_ brass plate for kneading on (L.); ta_mi copper plate (Ku.); copper vessel used in worship (A.); ta_mi_, tamiya_ large brass vessel for cooking pulses at marriages and other ceremonies (B.); tambiya_ copper or brass vessel (H.)(CDIAL 5792). Copper plate (for inscribing): ta_mrapat.t.a copper plate (for inscribing)(Ya_j.); ta_mra-pattra id. (Skt.); ta~_bot.i_ piece of copper of shape and size of a brick (M.); tamotⁱ copper plate (Ku.)(CDIAL 5786-7). Coppersmith: ta_mbara_ coppersmith (Or.)(CDIAL 5780). tamaut.e, tamot.e coppersmith (N.); ta_mrakut.t.a coppersmith (R.)(CDIAL 5781). tamher.a_ brass-founder (Bi.)(CDIAL 5783). Copper; gold: compu copper (Ta.); combu (Ka.Tu.); cempu (Ta.); cambu_ (U.); cembu copper, cuprum, as reddish (Ka.Ma.); id. (Cilkap. 14,174); cempu gold; metal vessel (Ta.); cembu id. (Ka.Tu.); cempu-tat.t.i, cempu-kot.t.i coppersmith (Cilap. 5,28, Urai)(Ta.); cembu-kot.t.i (Ma.); cembukut.t.iga (Ka.); cembukut.t.i (Te.); cempu-t-ti_kkal copper pyrites, sulphide of copper and iron (Ta.); cempu-p-par-r-u alloy of copper in gold (Ta.); cempir--poruppu Mt. Potiyam, as containing copper (Kalla_. 51,11); cempu-varai id. (Kur-r-a_. Tala. Tiruma_l. 9)(Ta.lex.) cf. ta_mpa_l.am salver of a large size (Pirapo_ta. 11,31)(Ta.); ta_mba_l.amu (Te.); ta_mba_l.a (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) ta_mparam < ta_mra (Pata_rtta. 1170); ta_mira-cintu_ram calcinated red powder of copper; ta_mirapar-pam calcinated white powder of copper; ta_mirai copper (Can. Aka.); ta_miram copper (Pin..); ta_mira-ca_can-am < ta_mra + copper-plate grant; ta_miraparun.i < ta_mraparn.i_ chief river of Tinnevelly district (Ta.lex.)

3572.Caterpillar: ka_ml.iyo hairy caterpillar (G.); kamla_ id.(H.); < kapana_ worm, caterpillar (RV.)(CDIAL 2773). sun:g hair of caterpillar (B.); sun:ga_ id. (Or.)(CDIAL 12599).

3574.Image: tail: s'e_pa tail, penis (RV.); s'e_pas (AV.); s'e_pha (TS.); s'e_va (Skt.)(CDIAL 12606). s'e_pya_ skin on tail (Kaus'.com.); s'e_pya_vant tailed (AV.); cheppa_ tail (Pali); cheppa, chippa, chippa_lua (Pkt.); s'ep, s'e_p (M.); chipa_r.o, chipr.o lizard (Ku.); chepa_ro lizard (N.); chepa_ri calf of leg (N.); chipki_ lizard (H.); chipkali_ (P.H.)(CDIAL 12607). javi, jave, jame the hair of a horse's tail (Ka.); javvi id. (Te.)(DEDR 2397). cf. toppa animal's hair, wool (Ma.); tu_vi peacock's tail (Ta.); cippud.u feather (Kor.); su_vi feather (Tu.)(DEDR 3393). si_viri a chowrie (Te.); jiperi a fan (Kui); civir-i a fan (Ta.); si_guri, si_gud.i a kind of chowrie (Ka.)(DEDR 2580). cf. metath. vicir-i fan (Ta.lex.) cf. ce_val male of birds and fowls, excepting peacock (Tol. Po. 603); id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) cavari < camari_ yak; chowry (Pin..); false hair used by women in toilette; coir; cavaram < camara chowry (Pa_rata. Patin-a_r-a_m. 21)(Ta.lex.) javi, jave, jame the hair of a horse's tail (Ka.)(DEDR 2397).

3575.Image: tiger: camu_ra a tiger, pun.d.ari_ka, huli (Ka.lex.)

3570.Image: fish: caparam carp, silvery, attaining 5 inches in length, barbus chola (Ta.lex.) ? ce~_pa fish (Te.)(DEDR 1252). cf. ke-, kai- in ke_vat.t.a- (Pkt.)(CDIAL 3469). ca_va_l.ai sabre-fish, attaining at least 3 ft. in length, trichiurus haumela (Ta.); sa_vad.a (Te.)(Ta.lex.) cf. s'abala spotted (RV.)(CDIAL 12297). Carp: s'abara the fish cyprinus saphore (VarBr.S.); a kind of fish (BhP.); s'aphari_ (Skt.); sabhara, sahara a kind of fish (Pkt.)(CDIAL 12295). maha_s'aphara species of carp (Bhpr.); ma_hshe_r species of river fish (L.); maha_ser, maha_si_r the fish barbus mosul or tor or megalepis (H.)(CDIAL 9961). s'aphara, saphara a kind of carp; a kind of small glittering fish, cyprinus sophore; s'aphari the female s'aphara; cf. pro_s.t.hi (Skt.Ka.lex.) s'ambara a kind of fish (Skt.lex.) campai fish (Ta.); campa a fish, boat-load of fishes (Ma.)(DEDR 2348). campai fish, mi_n-po_tu (Na_.); cf. s'ambara water (Ta.lex.) campai-k-kuttakai fish-lease (W.)(Ta.lex.) Conch; shell: kambu a conch, a shell; a ring or bracelet (made of shells or perhaps gold) (Pali.lex.) kambu conch, shell, bracelet (Pali.MBh.); conch (Pkt.); kabala shell (of snails, etc.)(CDIAL 2775). s'ambu bivalve shell; s'ambuka id. ; sam.bukka a shell (Pkt.); sa_muk bivalve shell, snail, cockle (B.); sambuka a shell (Pali); sa_mba oyster shell (Or.)(CDIAL 12316). kampu conch-shell (Iraku. Ilavan.a. 75) (Ta.lex.) s'ambu_ka a bivalve shell; a small conch-shell (Skt.lex.) cokak, coklak shell; jhinuk bivalve (Santali.lex.)

3760.Image: ox-antelope; markhor; sambar (deer): sa_raga, sa_ran:ga a spotted antelope, a sort of deer; kempu-ban.n.ada hulle_ ho_ri, s'ambara (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) [ For semant. 'ox-antelope' cf. the compound: hulle_-ho_ri = sa_raga red-coloured male antelope: hulle, pulle a male or female antelope or deer; ho_ri a bull calf, an uncastrated young male of the ox kind, a young bull (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)] cirmol (cirmocil), cirmul sambar (Pa.); sirmul, cirmul id. (Ga.); cibd.a/sibd.a id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 2555). Horned animal; image: markhor: so_ markhor (Ash.); co_w male markhor (Wg.); c^erau_ (Yid.)(CDIAL 12715). cervus horned animal (Lat.); co_ the mountain goat or markhor (Wg.)(CDIAL 12341). kuran:ga antelope (MBh.); kulan:ga (MaitrS.); kulun:ga (TS.); kuran:ga, kurun:ga (Pali); kuram.ga (Pkt.); kuran:g (P.); karam.gi (OG.); kura~g, kura~gi_, kura~gn.i_ (G.); kurun:ga (Si.); kiran:gu the elk rusa aristotelis (Si.)(CDIAL 3320). Image: markhor: s'arabha a kind of deer (AV.); sarabha, sarabhan:ga (X s'a_ran:ga-) a deer (Pali); sarabha-, saraha- a wild animal (Pkt.); s'uru the wild goat or markhor (Kt.); s'aro_, s'aru, saro_ (Pas'.); s'a_ru ibex (Shum.); sa_ro_u, sa_ri_ markhor (Gaw.); s'a_ra (Kal.); s'ara (Kho.Bshk.Sh.Dardi); s'arai (Phal.); sarahu a kind of mountain goat (S.); xara the swamp deer (A.); salha_ wild goat (L.)(CDIAL 12331). cf. so_ the mountain goat or markhor (Ash.)(CDIAL 12341). For -kur. in kakur. barking deer (L.)(CDIAL 2585): cf. kulai to bark (as a dog)(Ta.); talk incoherently (Ta.); kula_kula_ imit. of barking (Ma.)(DEDR 1811). Image: antelope: ku_ran- dog; kuran:kam, kuran:kan- deer, antelope (Ta.lex.) gor-r-e barking deer, cervulus muntjac (Te.); goria deer, antelope (Kol.); gorre four-horned antelope (Go.); gore deer (Go.)(DEDR 2165). cf. kambara variegated (Skt.)(CDIAL 2770). ca_ran:kam deer (Kumare_.Cata.19)(Ta.lex.) s'a_ran:ga spotted (AV.S'Br.); a kind of deer (Skt.); sa_ran:ga a spotted deer (Pali); sa_ram.ga (Pkt.); sa_ra_g deer (Mth.); sa_ra~ga_ dark-bay (of horses)(M.); saran:ga_, saraga_ the spotted deer, axis maculata (Si.)(CDIAL 12401). ?An austro-as. prefix to: karam.gi_ antelope (OG.)(CDIAL 3320). cf. s'a_rn:ga made of horn (Sus'r.)(CDIAL 12409). s'ambara, s'abara, sambara a sort of deer (Ka.); sa_mbara (M.)(Ka.lex.) s'a_ra variegated, speckled (Pa_n..va_rtt.); hr^u speckled, piebald (K.); ha_r copper-red or dark markings on a white or other ground; ha_ryul^u a partic. white-mottled bird (K.); s'a_ro spotted (of animals)(WPah.)(CDIAL 12400). Image: fabulous creature: camparam < sambara cf. s'arabha a fabulous eight-legged creature; carapam id. capable of killing the lion (Ta.lex.); camel; mountain sheep; woolly sheep; camel [cf. karabha camel (MBh.)(CDIAL 2797)]; mountain sheep; woolly sheep (Ta.lex.) s'a_mbara relating to s'ambara (RV.); coming from the deer s'ambara (Bhpr.); sa_bar deerskin (B.H.)(CDIAL 12396a). s'ambara a kind of deer (Skt.); s'abara (Skt.); s'abala dappled (used of demonic dogs)(RV.); dappled (used of serpents)(MBh.); s'ambara a serpent demon (RV.); sam.bara a kind of deer (Pkt.); sa_bar elk (P.); sa_mbar, sa_bar large kind of stag (H.); sa_mara_ pl. deer (OG.); sa_bar stag (G.); sa_bri_ doe (G.); sa~_bar, sa_mar a sort of elk, cervus elephas, cervus hippelephas,cervus aristotelis (M.)(CDIAL 12314).

3784.Image: deer: saram the sambar stag, rusa aristotelis (Santali.lex.) cf. cervus horned animal (Lat.); so_ the mountain goat or markhor (Ash.); cow, co_ (Wg.)(CDIAL 12341). cf. sru_ horn (Av.); ucu_ horn (Pr.); s.o_ horn (Tor.)(CDIAL 12715). cf. srun:g, s'run:g horn (Kho.); s.ugo (Sh.)(CDIAL 12714).

3573.Image: a deer: s'ambara a sort of deer (Ka.Skt.); sa_mbara (M.)(Ka.lex.) s'ambara, sambara a kind of deer (Skt.lex.) samu_ru, camu_ru a kind of deer (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: braid of hair; yak: camara, camari_ the yak bos grunniens; camara its tail (MBh.); yak (Pali); camari_ a kind of antelope (Pali); camari yak (NiDoc.); camara (Pkt.); camar (K.); cau~ru, cau~ri_ flyflap; cau~ro having a white tail (of cows)(S.); ca~vari_ flywhisk of hair or leaves; cauri_ (L.); ca_var, camar, ca_vari_, cauri_ yak's tail; caur lion's tail raised over its head (P.); cau~riya_ having a tail with hair of different colour from the body; co~r yak's tail (Ku.); ca~war, camar yak's tail; cau~ri ga_i yak (N.); so~war chowry; su~wari_ yak (A.); camar yak's tail (B.); caa~ra yak's tail, flywhisk (Or.); caor flywhisk (Mth.); ca~war (Bhoj.); ca~vara (OAw.); ca~war, cau~r yak (H.); cau~ri_ its tail used as flywhisk (H.); co~ri_ (Marw.); camri_ (G.); ca~var, cavar, ca_vri_, cavri_ (M.)(CDIAL 4677). cavari yak (Uri. Ni.); chowry; false hair used by women in toilette; coir; ca_maram chowry, bushy tail of the yak, used as a fly-flapper for idols or as royal insignia; ca_marai id. (Kampara_. Nintan-ai. 12)(Ta.lex.) cavuri-kkayir-u cord of coconut fibre (W.); cavari coir; cavari-mettai coir-mattress (Ta.lex.) kavari yak, bos grunniens; kavarima_ id. (Kur-al.. 969); kavari-ma_n- id. (Perun.. Ucaik. 50,2); kavari-ma_n--mayir chowrie or bushy tail of the camari_, the Tibetan yak set in a decorated handle, used as a fly-flap or fan before an idol or great personage; the bushy tail of the yak used as false hair (Ta.lex.) kavari chowrie (Ta.); kavaram hair-plait (Ma.); kavari id., woman with fine hair; yak; yak's tail, chowrie (Ma.); kabari, kavari braid of hair, knot of braided hair (Ka.); kabari tufted hair of females (Tu.); kavara, kabara, kavari_, kabari_ braid of hair (Skt.)(DEDR 1327). cf. kavari < gavala buffalo (Kalla_. 53,30)(Ta.lex.)

3576.Tinman's anvil; crow bar; iron ring: sabra_, sabri_ tinman's small anvil (made of a bent piece of iron)(Bi.); sarvala_, sarvali_ iron club or crowbar (Skt.); sabbala, savvala, savvala_ spear (Pkt.); sabbal crowbar (used by thieves)(P.); sa_blo iron bar (Ku.); sa_bal crowbar (N.B.); sa_bal.a (Or.); sa_bar, sa_bra_ round-headed anvil (Bi.);  sa_bal (Mth.); crowbar (esp. one used by burglasr), lever, small anvil (H.); sambal crowbar (K.); sabal. crowbar (M.); sa~bbal crowbar (used by thieves for digging through a wall)(L.); sa~_plo iron bar; s'a~_baw, s'a~_paw (Ku.); sa~bal. large bickern (M.)(CDIAL 13279). ka_mi_ iron ring of a cartwheel, iron lining to nave (Or.)(CDIAL 2775). sa_mo iron ring of a pestle (Ku.); sa~_bi (N.); sa~_b iron ferrule on stick (G.); sa~_belu~, sa_melu~ wooden pestle for flailing ice (G.); sa_mi small iron ring (Or.); sa_m, sa_mi_ iron ring fastening in blade of weeding knife, ferrule on bottom of pestle (Bi.); ferrule (H.); sa_m head of pestle (G.); sa_mi, sa~_pi ferrule (B.); sa_mi small iron ring (Or.); sa_m, sa_mi_ iron ring fastening in blade of weeding knife, ferrule on bottom of pestle (Bi.); sa_ma_, sa_mma_ short metal tube strengthening inside of axle of ekka_ (Bi.); sa_m id. (Mth.); s'eb, s'e~bi_ ferrule, ring round end of anything, tip of arrow (M.)(CDIAL 12311). s'amba weapon used by Indra (RV.); iron head of pestle (Skt.); s'ambin rower (AV.); sam.ba thunderbolt (Pkt.); ham punting-pole (K.); samm ferrule (P.)(CDIAL 12311). Crowbar: sama_t.h, sama~_t.h peg in the beam of the husking machine which acts as a pestle (Bi.); sama_t.h pestle for crushing bricks (Mth.); s.amut wooden lever, crowbar (Sh.)(CDIAL 12312). Sledge hammer: cammat.t.i smith's large hammer, sledge (Ta.); cammat.t.i-k-ku_t.am hammer for beating metal into plates or thin leaves (Ta.); cammat.t.iku_t.am (Ma.); somot.y hammer (To.); cammat.(t.)ige sledge hammer (Ka.); camat.ige id. (Tu.); sammet.a (Te.)(DEDR 2349). kappacu a blacksmith's tool < perhaps karman + aks.a. s'amba weapon used by Indra (RV.)(CDIAL 12311). Metal bar: ka~_b longitudinal division of a bamboo, etc., bar of iron or other metal (M.); kambi branch or shoot of bamboo (Skt.); kam.bi, kam.bi_, kam.ba_ stick, twig (Pkt.); ka_m.ba (G.)(CDIAL 2774). ka~_bi_t., ka~_bat., ka~_bt.i_, ka_mi_t., ka_mat. split piece of bamboo etc., lath (M.)(CDIAL 2760). kambi flat bar of iron; a wire; borders of a cloth (Tu.); iron band, bar of iron; stripe or stripes running parallel with the border of a cloth (Ka.); kampi wire of gold, silver, iron or other metal; bit of a horse's bridle; narrow stripe along the border of a cloth (Ta.); wire of lute; bar of iron; stripe in the border of a cloth (Ma.); kammi a bar, the line or border at the end of a cloth (Te.)(DEDR 1241). Stem: kamba, ka_mba handle (Kuwi); ka_mpu flower-stalk, flowering branch, shaft, haft (Ta.); stem, stalk, stick of umbrella (Ma.); ka.v handle (Ko.); ka_mu, ka_vu stalk, culm, stem, handle (Ka.); ka_ma stem, stalk, stick, handle (of axe, hoe, umbrella, etc.) shaft (Te.); ka_me_ stalk of a spoon (Go.); ka_me handle of ladle (Go.)(DEDR 1454). Image: yoke pin: s'amya_ stick, wedge, peg (RV.); yoke pin (S'Br.); samma_ yoke pin (Pali); samm, sam horizontal stick of a yoke which passes under bullock's neck (L.); s'am, pl. s'amma~_ yoke pin, handle of blacksmith's bellows (WPah.)(CDIAL 12317). samaila_ inner pins joining the two bars of the yoke of a plough (Bi.); samail pin of a yoke (Mth.); sa_mel, sa~_bel iron nail fixed at each end of a yoke (G.); soilo yoke-pin, any wooden pin, door-hinge made of withies (N.); sail.a, saul.a, saal.a pin at end of yoke of plough (Or.); sail, saila_ outer pin joining the two bars of yoke, tiller of rudder (Bi.); s'iva_l., s'ivi_l., s'ivu_l. peg bars connecting two members of yoke and confining it to animal's neck (M.); savi_l. (Konkan.i); s'ele~ thill-yoke (M.)(CDIAL 12318). cf. s'ail wooden bolt (WPah.); saila_ sliver, small peg or stick, any bit to stuff a hole with (H.); sayala fragment (Pkt.); s'akala chip, fragment, log (TS.)(CDIAL 12243). s'amya_garta hole for the yoke pin (S'a_n:khGr..); s'amar., s'aman. yoke pin (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12319). semver yoke (Wkh.); s'amar-gunu strap joining yoke-pins under the necks of plough-oxen (Kho.)(CDIAL 12320). yugas'amya yoke with its pins (S'Br.); s'ama_i~o yoke (on plough); s'ama_i_ yoke (WPah.); samaiya_ inner pins joining the two bars of yoke of plough (Bi.)(CDIAL 12321). s'ame_s., pl. s'ami_z.e yoke-pin (Sh.); s'ameg (D..)(CDIAL 12322). s'amba, s'ambhu the thunderbolt of Indra; the iron head of a pestle (Skt.lex.) Ploughing: s'amb to collect, heap together; s'amb to go, move; s'amba ploughing 'with the grain' or in the regular direction; s'amba_ku to plough twice; [cf. campat.i to plough field a second time during the season of cultivation (Ta.lex.)]; s'ambara wealth; s'ambala provisions for a journey, viaticum (Skt.lex.) sambam the second ploughing of a field (Skt.lex.) s'amba_kr.ta twice ploughed (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3577.Rower: s'ambin rower (AV.); ham punting-pole (K.)(CDIAL 12311). Boat: sambuk an oared boat in use in the Indian Ocean and the Gulf for pearl-fishing. (Shereen Ratnagar, Encounters, the Westerly trade of the Harappa Civilization, Delhi, OUP, 1981, p. 160). s'amba a ship (Ka.); Indra's thunderbolt (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) s'aba, s'ava, s'rava, saba, sava a dead body, a corpse; mr.ta, sa_vu = death (Ka.lex.) cf. s'amb, samb to go, move (Skt.lex.) campo_kku < sumbuk (Pers.) sambook, fleet of ships (Ta.lex.) safina a large craft of 9 to 24 metres long with a capacity of 50 tons, with a single mast carrying a lateen sail on Iraqi rivers. (Shereen Ratnagar, Encounters, the Westerly trade of the Harappa Civilization, Delhi, OUP, 1981, p. 180).

3578.Seat: ja_mba_ low stool or platform (Kuwi); jo_mba stool, seat, pillow (Kui); jo_mba chair, wooden seat (Kuwi)(DEDR 2880). sopo, sopea_ a kind of raised terrace in a house; a platform (Kon.lex.) so_pa_na stairs, steps, a staircase, a ladder (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.)

3579.To become related: campanti to connect, blend, mix; to become related (Ta.lex.) Consanguinity: va_vi, va_ve consanguinity, affinity, relationship (Ka.); va_vi = varase (Te.); ja_mi related by blood, blood-relationship, consanguinity (Vedic.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) < sam-bandha (Skt.) janya belonging to a race; friend of bridegroom (RV.); jaa of noble race (Pali); jan.n.a_ bridegroom's procession (Pkt.); jaa_ (S.); jaj (L.P.); jane_i_ (WPah.); ja_n (G.)(CDIAL 5116). janet the procession (P.H.); jane_tar. a member (WPah.); janta the procession (N.); janti a member (N.); janeta the procession (OAw.); ja_natra (OG.)(CDIAL 5118). janwa~_sa_ lodging the wedding procession (Bi.); janma_sa_ (Mth.); janava_sa place at the bride's home where the groom's party is received (OAw.); janwa_s the groom's party (OAw.); the place where it is received (H.); janavsa_, janivsa_ lodging of the groom's party (M)(CDIAL 5119). ja_i_ member of groom's party (S.); ja~_ji_ (L.); ja_ji_ (P.)(CDIAL 5197).

3580.Image: breadth of four fingers: campa_ breadth of four fingers, hand-breadth (Ta.lex.) campa_ a game with four little shells on circles drawn on a board or on the ground; one of the falls of shell in the campa_ game (Ta.lex.)

3581.Image: spoon: camba, camasa a spoon; a vessel used at sacrifices for drinking the soma; a ladle or spoon; camasi id. (Ka.lex.)

3582.Core of tree: campam < s'amba close grain; core as of a tree (Pin..); thunderbolt, the weapon of Indra, vaccira_yutam (Kur-r-a_. Tala. Mantama_. 99) (Ta. lex.) s'apham the root of a tree (Skt.lex.)

3583.A perfume: campe, campa a perfume (Ka.lex.)

3584.A tree: campa mountain ebony; camarika the tree bauhinia variegata (Ka.lex.) campa bauhinia variegata (Skt.); the tree michelia campaka (Pali); its blossom (MBh.); cam.paya (Pkt.); cambo (S.); camba_, campa_ m. campaka (P.); ca~_p name of various kinds of michelia (N.); ca~_pa_ m. campaka (B.); campa_ (Or.H. whence campi_ yellow); ca~_p michelia kisopa (H.); ca~_pa_ the tree (M.); ca~_pu~ (G.); ca~_pe~ its flower (M.); ca~_mpe the flower (Konkan.i); sapu the tree (Si.)(CDIAL 4678). campa_ran name of a district in East Bihar (Bi.); campaka_ran.ya name of a place of pilgrimage (MBh.)(CDIAL 4679). can.pakam, cen.pakam michelia champaca (Ta.); cempakam, campakam (Ma.); sampage, sampige, campaka (Ka.); cappaye-mara campaka tree (Kod..); cappayem-pu. campaka flower (Kod..); sampige, sampayi (Tu.); sampe~ga, campakamu, canupakamu (c = ts)(Te.); can.paka (BHSk.)(DEDR 2321). champa, champaka (H.B.); champa (M.); champaka (Skt.); kudchampa (M.); champakam (Ma.); shampangi (Ta.); champakmu (Te.); bark: ferbifuge, stimulant, expectorant, astringent; dried root and bark: purgative, in form of infusion useful emmenegogue; flowers and fruts: considered stimulant, antiseptic; mixed with sesame oil forms an external application in vertigo; oil from flowers: useful application in cephalalgia, opthalmia and gout; seeds and fruit: used for healing cracks in feet; essential oil 0.11%; habitat: wild in the eastern sub-Himalayan tract and lower hills up to 3,000 ft., Assam, W. Ghats and S. India; much cultivated in various parts of India (GIMP, pp. 166-167). cf. campakam michelia champaca (Ta.)(DEDR 2321); campaka (Skt.)(CDIAL 4678).

3585.Weighing an in-laid jewel: campa_t.am (Ta.); sampa_t.amu (Te.) weighing a jewel with inlaid lac, precious stones, etc. (Ta.lex.)

3586.Neighbouring: ca_mantan- feudatory prince, petty ruler (Pa_rata. Mutar-po_. 24); captain of an army (Tiruva_lava_. 59,16); king's minister (Ta.lex.) samanta neighbouring (RV.); samam.ta neighbouring (Pkt.); ha_t around (Si.)(CDIAL 13183). sa_manta being on all sides (Ka_tyS'r.); neighbour (Skt.); vassal, chief of a district (Mn.); neighbourhood (Mn.); neighbouring (Pali); sa_mam.ta (As'.Pkt.); neighbouring vassal king (Pkt.); sa_anta prince, husband; sa_a_nta_n.i lady (Or.); sa~_want, sa_want brave; leader (H.); sa_mat, sa_mad petty chief (G.); sa_vam.tu neighbour (OM.)(CDIAL 13348). sa~_tra_ nom. prop. (B.)(CDIAL 13350).

3587.Agreement, contract: samaya agreement (TS.); rule (AV.); meeting (S'Br.); coming together, intercourse (Pali); agreement, contract (NiDoc.); samiyen covenant (Si.inscr.); samu thotki to collect (Sh.); samai certainly (H.)(CDIAL 13185). camayam agreement, contract; camaya-pattiram deed of agreement (S.I.I. i,84)(Ta.lex.) cf. same_ together (Wg.)(CDIAL 13174). sam.mata agreed, approved (MBh.); sammata agreed (Pali); sam.maya (Pkt.); samataya approved (OSi.); samu agreement, permission (Si.)(CDIAL 12973). sam.bhid.an.a striking, contact (Pkt.)(CDIAL 12969).

3588.Time: samaya time (MBh.); time, point of time (Pali); time (Pkt.); samaa time (Pkt.); sama_ season, good season, prosperity (L.); samo time, occasion, season (G.); save at the moment of (dawn)(M.); save~c immediately, spontaneously (M.); sama_, seme time (Si.); sama_ time (H.)(CDIAL 13185). camayam critical moment; suitable or proper opportunity (Ta.lex.)

3590.Apple: se_vi, se_va, se_vita fruit of zizyphus jujuba, apple (Skt.); se_b or se_p (Pahl.); se_ (Ma_zandara_ni_ (Pers. se_b apple); seb (P.H.); seba (Or.); seb, sep (G.); se apple (P.); fruit of prosopis spicigera (P.); seu, syau apple (N.); seu, seo (Or.); s'ev (obl. s'evi_) name of a fruit tree (M.); seu_ ber a grafted zizyphus jububa; seun. f. (P.)(CDIAL 13596). cf. van-n-i prosopia spicigera (Ta.)(DEDR 5330).

3591.Jasmine: cambeli_ jasminum grandiflorum (S.); ca~beli_, cameli_ (P.); cameli jasminum sambac (N.); j. grandiflorum (Bi.); cambeli_, ca~_meli_ (Or.); cameli_ (Mth.); cam.beli_ (OAw.); ca~beli_, cameli_ (H.); ca~peli_, ca~beli_, cameli_ (G.); c.a~beli_, c.ameli_ the plant (M.); c.amel its flower (M.)(CDIAL 4680). camba_ yellow jasmine (L.)(CDIAL 4679). mullai arabian jasmine, jasminum sambac (Ta.); mulla j. sambac (Ma.); molle j. multiflorum or pubescens (Ka.); molla jasmine (Te.)(DEDR 4987). mallika_ j. sambac (MBh.); jasmine (Pali); mallia_ (Pkt.); malli_ (H.); ma_lati_ j. grandiflorum (Skt.)(CDIAL 9913). se_vanti, sa_manti, sa_mantige a kind of jasmine, jasminum auriculatum, ma_gadhi, yu_dhike (Ka.); se_mantika_, se_manti_, se_vati_ the Indian white rose, rosa glandulifera (Skt.); se_vantige, se_vanti jasminum auriculatum, ma_gadhi, gan.ike, yu_dhike, ambas.t.he, endad.e se_vantige (Ka.); the garden flower chrysanthemum indicum (Ka.); ca_manti (Ta.): ce_manti, se_vanti, se_manti (Te.); ca_manti, cevvanti, ce_manti (Ma.); cevvanti chrysanthemum indicum with red flower (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) Garden chrysanthemum: se_manti_ the Indian white rose rosa glandulifera; se_mantika_ (Skt.); se_vati_ (Bhpr.); se_vani (Skt.); xeuti_ rosa glandulifera (A.); seu~ti, se~oti, siu~ti (B.); se~o~ti_, sewti_ id. (H.); s'evti_, s'evti_ the tree; s'evte~ the flower (M.)(CDIAL 13590).

3592.Wet, distil: cemmal water (Ta.); s'ima moistness, cold (Tu.); sima cold, chill; simma cold; temma a cough, cold (Tu.); cemma moisture, damp; moist, damp; cemmagincu, cemmagilu, cemmagillu to become damp or moist, sweat; cemmat.a, cemat.a, cemaru sweat; cemaru to melt, become wet in sweat; cemar(u)cu id.; temma wetness, moisture; temm-era cool breeze, zephyr [cf. eral wind, air (Ka.); temm-eral south wind (Te.)(DEDR 810)] ; temad.a phlegm, mucus (Te.); jimbri pi_yu drizzle (Kuwi); simdha_rna_ to become damp (Kur.)(DEDR 2539). Cough: cerumu (cerumi-) to hem, cough; cerumal clearing the throat; cer-umu (cer-umi-) to hem, grunt, sob agitatedly (Ta.); cuma cough; cumekka to cough (Ma.); kemmu to cough; n. coughing (Ka.); kemm- (kemmi-) to cough (Kod..); kemma a cough, cold; temmo, hemmo cough; temilu, semilu sneezing (cough)(Tu.); kre_t.u to clear the throat by coughing (Te.); kom- to cough (Pa.); kodm- to cough; kodumkur a cough, coughing (Ga.)(DEDR 1964). cf. sitta sprinkled (Pali); wetted (RV.)(CDIAL 13388). cf. sikta, uks.ita wet (Skt.lex.)

3593.Swampy land; marsh; to ooze: si_m, sima_r swampy land (Ku.); simailo marshy (Ku.); sim marsh, bog (N.); syom^u, syomb^u sediment, silt (K.); siman.u to ooze (S.); sima ooze (S.); semo leakage, spring of water (S.); simman. to ooze (L.); sem oozing (L.); simmn.a_ to ooze (P.)(CDIAL 13419). Sneeze: semilu to sneeze (Ka.); cimili id. (Kor.)(DEDR 2774). tummu (tummi-), tumpu (tumpi-) to sneeze; tummu, tummal sneeze, sneezing (Ta.); tummuka, tumpuka to sneeze; tumekka (cattle) snort; tuvekka to sneeze, snort (Ta.); tub- (tuby-) to sneeze (Ko.); tub- (tuby-) id. (To.); timm- (timmi-), tumm- (tummi-) id. (Kod..); tumbilu sneezing, sneeze (Tu.); tummu to sneeze; n. sneeze (Te.); tum- (tumt-) to sneeze (Kol.); tum a sneeze; to sneeze (Nk.); tumm- id. (Pa.); tumkud. a sneeze, sneezing (Pa.); tum-, tumm- to sneeze (Ga.); tum a sneeze; tuhka_na_, tuh-, tuhk-, tukha_na_ to sneeze; tuhka_na_ to cough (of cattle in the rainy season); tuhk a sneeze (Go.); tup- (-t-) to sneeze; tumbu (pl. tupku) a sneeze (Kond.a); tum- (-t-) to sneeze (Pe.); tumm-, tu_hmali, tu_minai id.; tu_mu a sneeze (Kuwi); tum'na_ (tummyas) to sneeze (Kur.); tum'ta'a_na_ to cause one to sneeze (Kur.); tume to sneeze (Malt.)(DEDR 3336). cf. cemmal water (Ta.)(DEDR 2539). tinta wet (Pali); tim.ta (Pkt.); tindo, cindo, kindo_ (Gypsy); tita_ (A.); tita (MB.); tita_ (B.); tinta_ (Or.); ti~_tal wet, limp (Mth.); ti_ta_ wet (H.); tet wet (Si.); teta wetness (Si.); thindar wets (Gypsy); titiba to be wet (A.) tita_ to become moist (B.) tita_na to moisten (B.); tin.n.a wet (Pkt.); tino (Ku.)(CDIAL 5812). timita wet (Skt.); stimita (Nais..); tiowa_ soaked or washed in water (A.)(CDIAL 5816). timyati,ti_myati becomes wet (Dha_tup.); timmama_n.a becoming wet (Pkt.); timmia wet (Pkt.); ti_man.em. to be wet (OM.); ti~bn.e~ to wet, be wet; timn.e~, ti~bn.e~ a partic. kind of dish of rice etc. (M.)(CDIAL 5820). te_ma the becoming wet (Skt.); tem act of wetting (Si.)(CDIAL 5048). te_mana moisture, moistening (Skt.); wetting (Pali); temana cooked food, stewed or boiled flesh (Si.)(CDIAL 5949). te_me_ti wets (Pali); tiya_iba to soak in water (A.); tevn.e~ to become moist, dissolve (M.); temanava_ to wet, water (Si.); temi wet (Si.)(CDIAL 5951). tem wetness (H.)(CDIAL 5956). t.rehan.u to damp (S.); t.reha damping (S.); t.emn.a_ to moisten the surface of a piece of bread (P.)(CDIAL 6072). tre_l. dew (L.); tel (P.)(CDIAL 6073). t.riman.u to ooze (S.); t.rimin.o leaky (S.); trimman. to drop, distil, leak (L.); trimmo leaking, distillation (L.)(CDIAL 6039). Drizzle; simmer: simasima_yate_ bubbles, simmers (Ma_rkP.); s'imis'ima_yati simmers (Skt.); simisima_yate_ quivers (Skt.); simasima_yai, simisima_yai simmers (Pkt.); simsim falling in light showers; simsime drizzling (N.); ximximi_ya_ (A.); simsim, sumsum sizzling (H.)(CDIAL 13418). te_ma wetness (Te.)