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| The Legacy: |
Legacy Audio
Bullock cart and mohanna boat in Sindh
(similar to those depicted on terra-cotta toy
and a moulded tablet
from Nausharo and Mohenjodaro)
Stone sculpture
(Mohenjodaro) depicting an embroidered shawl , with right shoulder bare, similar to
the style worn by later-day priests.
Mohenjodaro: Terra-cotta
Dancing Girl
with headgear: Bulandbagh, Patna Museum, 300 B.C. Dholavira
: use of ringstones to mount pillars and superstructures (Bisht) 
Mohenjodaro,Bath
Harappa: Copper kiln (M.S.Vats)
Kalibangan: Fire altar
Banawali: fire altars :
drains needed to cope with 1500°C.
Cholistan: firing pots,
using terra-cotta cakes to firm-up the packing (Mughal, 1997).
Dwaraka: Ringstone (similar to the stones
used in Kotda (Dholavira) as props for pillars).
Mohenjodaro: Bronze statueKutch (Rabari women)
Mohenjodaro: Bangle making apparatus.
Balakot: Inscribed Bangle
Banawali: Copper Implements
'Pre-Islamic Shrine' on the banks of 
the Sarasvati River
(Mughal, 1997).
Sarasvati River in Sculpture:
5th cent. A.D.
Basara (Vyasapura), Godavari River
The Chronology:
(Vinasana, Dwaraka, Migrations,
Tamil Tradition)
Location of Vinasana:
Archaeological evidence seems to
corroborate the geophysical reality described in the Great Epic, the Mahabharata, of
Balarama's pilgrimage from Dwaraka to Mathura along the Sarasvati River when it was in
full flow from the Himalayas to the saagara (ocean), from Har-ki-dun glacier to the Gulf
of Khambat and also of a phase of desiccation of the Sarasvati River which was left with
lakes, beyond Marusthali and had ceased to join the saagara (ocean). Popular tradition
reminisces the 'disappearance' of the Sarasvati River 'underground'.The key phase which
led to the desiccation, in the central Sarasvati River Basin, seems to be the progressive
westward migration of Satadru (Sutlej) away from Shatrana, away from the Sarasvati River.
(See the image for signatures of palao-channels of Satadru (Sutlej) depicting this
westward migration.)
Vinasana perhaps refers to the
desiccation phase of the Sarasvati River when it did not join the saagara.Tandya Brahmana
describes the distance between Vinasana and PlakSa PrasravaNa (the place of origin of
Sarasvati River) as approximately 880 miles. (see page 100 of the document: Sarasvati River).Glaciology studies
have established that the Vedic Sarasvati River had originated from Har-ki-dun glacier
which is about 10 kms. by the trek route from Yamunotri in the W.Garwhal Himalayas.If
PlakSa PrasravaNa refers to a location near Adh Badri, 
where the Sarasvati River
emerges at the foothills of the Siwalik Ranges, it may be hypothesized that Vinasana
refers to Shiva near Pokaran, near Jaisalmer in the Marusthali desert. At this place, the
LANDSAT satellite images show a palaeo-channel, after forking from the Sarasvati River at
Anupgarh, forms a remarkably wide, fragmented channel in the desert near Jaisalmer (See
image in the middle of the left margin).
Marine Archaeology
Explorations;
in Dwaraka and
Bet Dwaraka:
Dwaraka and Bet Dwaraka, close to the
Rann of Kutch, are ancient ports. These ports could be reached from Lothal or from
Kalibangan, navigating on the ancient the Sarasvati River, when it had joined the saagara
at the Gulf of Khambat (Lothal)
Ptolemy's map of the Northwest Coast of India (ca. 3rd
cent.B.C.): 
Ozene regia (Ujjain, the capital) Upper right; Namadus flu (Narmada
River) Lower center; Barigaza emporium (Broach) Lower left.The rivers that flow down from
upper left are the Indus delta. Barigaza (modern Broach) is placed as a bead-making
emporium upriver (not as far as shown here) on the Namadus (Narmada). Ozene (modern
Ujjain) is noted as the capital of the region. The dotted boundary line that includes the
whole Narmada Valley and the principal port of the state (Malwa) at Broach. Ujjain is not
really on the Narmada, but north of it and on the Malwa Plateau. [ Ptolemy map image is
taken from Asiae X Tab: -- Ptolmey's Map of India. Government Photozincographic Office,
Poona, India1880.]
Map of NW India during
Alexander's march ca. 327 B.C. Trade of
gems and beads in Barigaza or modern Broach, is a legacy of the bead-making lapidary
crafts of the ancient civilisation on the Sarasvati River.
The excavations carried out during 1979
in the 
Dwwarkadhish Temple Complex have revealed three temple remains. The earliest marine
archaeological settlement at Dwaraka has been found to have been submerged circa 1500 B.C.
In all, eight ancient settlements have been distinguished at Dwarka.
The first settlement made in the 15th century B.C. was submerged or washed away and so also the second one made in the 10th century B.C. After a long gap the third settlement was made in the 1st century B.C./A.D. as suggested by the Red Polished Ware and copper coins known as Karshapanas.
It is during this phase that Temple I, was built. The lime-plastered surface of its stone masonry still retaining a few lines of red ochre painting suggests that the plinth was open to view above the then working level. After the first temple was destroyed the second temple came to be built on the ruins of the first. When the second temple was also destroyed, the third temple was built in the 9th century. It was perhaps in the 12th century a storm-wave blew away the roof leaving only the walls and plinth. The fourth temple came into existence soon after.
Temple of Dwarakadhish . The present temple of Dwarkadhish is the fifth in the series. 
See Temples of
Samudranarayan (Sea God) in the foreground; and of Dwarakadhish in the background.
Temples I to V represent respectively
settlements III to VII and the modern town is the eighth settlement at Dwarka. It is this
sequence finding of which led to present explorations at Dwarka...
Among antiquities which are crucial to dating and determining the cultural sequence of submerged cities of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka are the Late Indus type seal, chert blades, an inscribed votive jar, 3-holed stone anchors, a stone-mould, an Olpin with loop-handle and a sprinkler-neck in pottery are important. The chronological sequence proposed on the basis of the antiquities can be corroborated by distinct ceramic wares...
The onshore explorations near Bet Dwarka revealed the presence of Late Indus seal depicting 3 headed animal, earthen vessel inscribed in Harappan script and the large quantity of pottery similar to Lustrous Red Ware bowl and the Red Ware dishes, dish-on-stand, perforated jar and incurved bowls which are datable to 1600-1500 B.C. in Dwarka, Rangpur and Prabhas.
At Bet
Dwaraka...A small rectangular seal (20 x 18 mm) of conch shell with a perforated
button at the back was found in trench UW6 of Bet Dwarka. A composite animal motif
representing the short horned bull, unicorn and goat are engraved in an anticlockwise
direction..
A votive pottery vessel inscribed in post-Harappan script
found at Bet Dwaraka.
Migrations:
After the submergence of Dwaraka, and during and after the phases of desiccation of the Sarasvati River, the migrations of the people were:
westward, eastward and southward, as evidenced by:
The radio-carbon dates of key archaeological settlements are:
In contrast, the following radio-carbon dates are notable:
Tamil Tradition :
Ancient Tamil literary tradition links the descent of vELir chieftains from Tuvarai (Dwaraka).
This attests to the migration from the Sarasvati River Basin to South India, during the phases of desiccation of the Sarasvati River.
Puram. 201 states: " Descended from
'fortynine generations' from the initial origin from the pitcher of a northern sage,
Agastya, the vELir chieftains had ruled over Tuvarai (Dwaraka) of the 'soaring bronze
walls' ".
Forty nine generations may be approximately
equal to 1000 years.
The Great Epic, Mahabharata, recounts the migration of yaadava's from Mathura to Dwaraka to escape persecution by Jaraasandha and Sisupaala.
Agastya had reportedly led a migration of eighteen kings, descendents of Krishna (neTumuTiaNNal) and of eighteen families of vELir from Tuvaraapati (Dwaraka) to Potiyil (of Tamil land: Nacc. commentary on Tol. Paayiram.PoruL. 34).
The Chalukyas are also referred to as descendants of the pitcher sage, Agastya. According to Tamil nighanTus, vELir considered themselves as yaadava's. In epigraphical inscriptions (aaykuTi plates), vEL aay (aabhiiras) are described as vRSNikula. vELir are also linked to dynasties of andhras, kadambas, kaakatiiyas and yaadavas of Devagiri.
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