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The Hindu Calendar

Each year (called the Samvatsar, Shaka or Samvat), normally consists of the 12 months except when there is an Adhik Maas (Additional Month).

·         The religious ritualistic activities are mainly based on the Lunar Calendar. The Lunar Calendar Each month consists of 29 to 30 days, and is based on the phases of the Moon. Each month is divided into two fortnights (paksha).

·         Shukla Paksha (Sudi) ends with a Poornima (full moon), and Krishna Paksha (Vaadi) ends with an Amaavasyaa (New Moon). In some regions, (e.g., Utter Pradesh) the month starts with Krishna Paksha following Poornima, but for most regions of Bharat, the month starts with Shukla Paksha following Amaavasya.  The 12 months of the lunar year correspond to the following calendar months and make up the 6 seasons (Rutu)

1. MESHA  (APRIL 20 TO MAY 19)  2.      VRISHABH (MAY 20 - JUNE 19)

3.      MITHUN (JUNE 20 TO JULY 19)     4.      KATAK (JULY 20 TO AUG 19)

5.      SIMHA (AUG. 20 TO Sept 19)        6.      KANYA (SEPT 20 TO OCT 19)

7.      THULA  (OCT 20 TO NOV 19)     8.      VRISCHIK (NOV 20 TO DEC 19)

9.      DHANU  (DEC 20 TO JAN 19)      10.  MAKAR (JAN 20 TO FEB 14)

11.  KUMBHA (FEB 20 TO MAR 19)    12.  MEENA ( MAR 20 TO APRIL 19)  

· LUNAR MONTHS    

1. Vaishakh MESHA (April-May)
2. Jyeshta- VRISHA  (May-June)                    
3. Ashadha -MITHUNA (June-July)
4. Sharavan- KARKATA  (July-August)            
5. Bhadrapad - SIMHA (Aug-Sept)
6. Ashwin -KANYA (September-October)     
7. Kaartik-  TULA (Oct-November.)
8. Margassirsha -VRISCHIKA (Nov-Dec)
9. Pushya -DHANUS (Dec-Jan) 
10. Magha - MAKARA(Jan-February)                 
11. Phalgun- KUMBA (Feb-Mar)
12. Chaitra - MEENA ( March-April)       

THE LUNAR MONTHS ARE NAMED AFTER THE NAKSHATRA IN WHICH THE POONAM (FULL MOON) OCCURS IN THAT MONTH.

1.   VASANT –SPRING                   2.      GRISHMA – SUMMER

3.      VARSHA – MONSOON              4.      SHARAD – AUTUMN

5.      HEMANT – WINTER                   6.       SHISHIRA – WINTER

Adhik (Purshottam) Maas Since the calendar is based on the phases of the Moon, the transits take 354 days, 8 hours and 34.28 seconds. This creates a difference of 10 days, 21 hours and 35.16 seconds from the actual solar year (365 days, 6 hours, 9.54 seconds)

·       When the accumulated difference exceeds 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 2.865 seconds, an adjustment is made with an extra month (Adhika Maas), which carries the name of the previous or the next month, depending on the proximity of the month. Normally, seven extra months occur in 19 years. 

·         It is an inter- related to the 13 month. This month, in which the sun does not move from one position of sign into the other, is know as Mal-mas. This generally occurs after  every 32 months, 16 days and 1hr and 46 Mts. And the Moon in which the sun passes into another sign- twice is known as Kshaya- mas. This occurs after 141 years and then after 19yrs.

·         During the Mal- mas religious ceremonies should be done. The fasts observed and the charity performed during the Mal-mas are said to highly auspicious. During this time sins are destroyed. Gifts of ghee, grain and jaggery should be given to the Brahmins in charity.

·         In Mal-mas marriages are not performed, but libations and oblation are specially offered to the pitrus. When Mal-mas occurs in the month of Vaishaka or Jeth and Ashadh months, this are considered inauspicious. The month of Chaitra is medium. In the rest of the months it is always good.  

1.Mesha (Aries) The Ram    2.      VRISHABHA (Taurus) The Bull          

3.      Mithuna (Gemini) The Twins      4.      Karkata (Cancer) The Crab

5.      Simha –(Leo) Lion           6.      Kanya (Virgo) The Maiden                

7.      Thula (Libra) The Scales      8.      Vrishchika (Scorpio)The Scorpion 

9.      Dhanus (Sagittarius) The Bow 10.  Makara (Capricorn) The Goat

11.  Kumbha (Aquarius) The Pot  12.   Meena (Pisces) The Fish                   

·         The 1st month of the lunar calendar, Chaitra, corresponds to the solar month Aries. Aries begins on or close to 12th day of April, and this day is celebrated as the New Year Day known as Vaishakhi or Yugadhi. Makar Sankranti, which corresponds to the entry of the Sun into Makar Rashi, occurs on AROUND January 10- 14^th every year.

·         The monthly lunar cycle is divided into 30 parts called lunar days. There are 30 Lunar days starting from the New Moon (start of 1st day) . The 29.5-day lunar cycle is divided into 30 parts, called tithi.

·         A Tithi or Lunar day is the time it takes for the aspect between the Sun and Moon (elongation, angular separation) to reach a multiple of 12 degrees. Thus each tithi is 12 degrees of solar lunar angular separation. Tithi is further subdivided into two parts, called Karanas.

·         The only part of this that might be confusing is that the 30th lunar day (348deg. to 360deg.) is considered the New Moon day, and the 15th lunar day (168deg. to 180deg.) is considered the Full Moon day; however, these days are celebrated the following day. 

·         The days just prior to the Full Moon (the 13th and 14th) are also days of purification, days in which the various guardian and protector deities are again invoked, but in a somewhat more restrained way.

·         Health and Healing.  The 8th and 23rd days of the Lunar month are auspicious for this purpose. Tara is the female deity connected to health, long life, and healing. The only part of this that might be confusing is that the 30th lunar day is considered the New Moon day, and the 15th lunar day is considered the Full Moon day; however, these days are celebrated the following day. The full moon completes the masculine, or active, waxing phase of the cycle, and the new moon completes the feminine, waning phase of the month. The fact remains that these four days (New, Full, 11^th and 25^th) are the primary auspicious days as practiced in many eastern rituals.   

The current eras at present are the Vikrama Samvata whose 2026th year commenced on 19th march 1969 and the Shaka era whose 1891st year began on 14th april 1969. The Vikrama  year is a lunar year, while the Shaka year is a solar year. There is a sixty year cycle known as Jupiter's cycle. The names assigned to the various years in the sixty year cycle are as follows:

   Your Birth chart of planets in the Sky are the blueprint of your personality and character as indicated by the position of the Sun, the Moon and the 7 Planets on the Date of your Birth.

¨       These planets are the antennae and arms of the horoscope, of which the body and soul are the Sun and Moon.  Suppose Sun is in Leo and your dominant planet is the Sun (also Mars and Jupiter). Not only the action of this ruling Planet will be very important in your life, but also the attributes over which it rules.

Thus Gemini, ruled by Mercury, lives a great deal in the senses; Libra, ruled by Venus, responds most readily too emotional stimuli; and so on. Study your ruler carefully. Remember in all planetary readings that they work within the pattern of your solar- lunar nature, never against it.

The Sun and Moon The Rising Sign LAGNA  

First let's take a quick look at your Rising sign. Since this gives a picture of the way we appear or come across to others. Your Rising Sign will offer clues as to how you perceive yourself or would like others to see you.

An Overall Glimpse at Your Astrological Chart

The Astrological signs are defined by one of four elements: Fire, Earth, Air or Water. The Fire and Air elements have a yang (masculine polarity) quality, and tend to be more outgoing and assertive in their nature, whereas the Earth and Water elements have a yin (feminine polarity) quality, and are more receptive by nature. 

Unless you know your karmic plan you cannot function TO THE BEST OF YOUR ABILITY. Life would be a Never- Ending uphill struggle.

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Copyright © 1999 VEDIC.SHAKTIS.ASTROLOGY Last modified: October 18, 1999